茶树花青素形成分子机理的研究进展

花青素是由类黄酮合成途径产生的次生代谢产物,含量高时会使茶树新梢呈现红色或紫色。同时,花青素相比儿茶素等具有更明显的抗氧化、预防肿瘤等药理保健作用。文章就茶树花青素合成途径、转录及转录后调控等方面进行综述,以期更好地为高花青素茶树的育种研究提供理论依据。     

Social, economic and cultural perspectives of European inland fisheries: review of the EIFAC symposium on fisheries and society

The contributions presented at the EIFAC Symposium on Fisheries and Society in 2000 are reviewed. There have been considerable advances in many sectors of inland fisheries over the past decade. Nowadays the value of inland fisheries to society is generally better understood and increasingly recognized. However, it was recognized that the allocation of fishery resources and their management could still be made more effective through more extensive application of the recent approaches and techniques discussed during the Symposium and reviewed in the paper.     

硒蛋白的基因表达与调控

硒蛋白是微量元素硒以硒代半胱氯酸(SeC)形式进入多肽链的蛋白质。SeC的遗传密码是UGA。在原核细胞中,4种基因产物SELA、SELB、SELC和SELD参与了硒蛋白的合成过程。真核生物硒蛋白mRNA3’-UTR的硒代半胱氨酸插入序列(SECIS)是真核细胞UGA密码编码SeC的顺式作用元件。动物的硒营养状态不影响硒蛋白基因的转录,但影响硒蛋白mRNA的稳定性。饲料硒水平与含硒酶活性呈正相关。     

强力增产素对小麦花后干物质生产和产量的调节效应

试验于１９９０～１９９２年在江苏农学院实验农场进行，供试品种（系）为扬麦５号、冀８４５４１８和８８７４．通过在小麦开花期喷施强力增产素，研究其对小麦花后干物质生产和产量的影响。结果表明：喷施强力增产素能延缓花后叶片的衰老，提高叶片叶绿素含量，增强光合功能，扩大花后干物质积累量，具有一定的增粒、增重作用。开花期喷施，可增产６．８２％～８．５６％，花后２０ｄ喷施效应下降，仅增产３．７３％。     

牛奶葡萄贮藏中SO_2伤害及调控措施研究

牛奶葡萄采后SO2双重释放装置辅以CT－1处理不但有效降低了药害发生率，而且提高了贮藏效果。在此基础上辅以采前喷布内含杀菌剂的壳多糖，牛奶葡萄可达到更佳贮藏效果，在1998年生长季发生全国性洪水灾害，田间带菌量剧增，各地葡萄贮藏效果极差情况下，参试的牛奶葡萄腐烂率只有1．6％，果梗鲜绿，褐变指数只有0．4％，药害率仅为1．0％，果肉亚硫酸盐残留仅为0．067 mg／kg。     

Validation of the accuracy of household reporting of subsistence fishing catch and effort: a Fijian case study

Abstract  The accuracy of household reporting of subsistence fishing catch and effort and seafood consumption on the Fijian island of Ono-i-Lau was studied. A creel survey was carried out concurrently to validate the household survey data. Reported estimates of fishing participation, effort, and fish consumption were not significantly different to the creel survey estimates. Householder's appeared to overestimate the number of fish from the most abundant family Lethrinidae, and underestimate rarer fish. However, there was no significant difference between the reported and observed contribution of the majority of finfish families and invertebrate taxa. The reported and observed catch rate estimates were not significantly different, indicating that Ono-i-Lau villagers are relatively accurate in their estimation of the number and size of fish from recalled catches.     

Inland commercial fisheries management in France

The French fisheries management regime is based on public and private ownership of fishing waters associated with a complex multilevel management system. A total of 730 operational commercial inland fisheries were examined by analysis of thematic interviews and questionnaires. Commercial fishermen are beginning to understand the nature of their own activity and its relationship to the concept of sustainable management. Nevertheless, fishermen have to face two major problems: first, they are poorly represented on decision making bodies where anglers are dominant, and secondly their activities are governed by two separate ministries. Opportunities for future development may lie in decision making at the catchment level.     

Nutrient digestibility of angling baits for carp, Cyprinus carpio, with implications for groundbait formulation and eutrophication control

Abstract  To evaluate the suitability of angling groundbaits as a fish feed and the potential for nutrient loss, the macronutrient digestibility of four groundbaits was investigated in carp, Cyprinus carpio L., using a sieving method of faeces collection and chromic oxide. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of protein and lipids were >80% for all angling baits. ADCs of nitrogen-free extracts and phosphorus (P) differed significantly between the test diets, probably because of divergent feed compositions and ingredient treatments. The generally high digestibility estimates indicated that fish feeding on angling groundbait will benefit from this food source. The differences in nutrient digestibility suggested that type of groundbait and ingredient used will have a major effect on potential eutrophication and fish production caused by groundbaiting. The principle of groundbaits to protect the environment should be to minimise the P-content of the groundaits and maximising P-digestibility and P-retention efficiency.     

促性腺激素释放激素基因及其受体基因的研究进展

作者简要介绍了促性腺激素释放激素基因及其受体基因的位置、结构、表达、调控机理,并初步探讨了这两个基因与繁殖性能的关系。