臭氧和紫外线对冰箱消毒的研究

家用冰箱存在着不同程度的细菌污染，必需对冰箱进行定期或不定期的消毒。经用载体法和平皿法研究发现，用紫外线对冰箱进行消毒是可行的，其对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草杆菌黑色变种芽胞有较强的杀灭作用，而且不会引起冰箱内温度升高。同时还可产生少量Ｑ，除去冰箱内异味，因此具有杀菌、抑菌、除臭保鲜的作用。     

自由曲面前照灯近光配光的防眩目研究

从驾驶员心理学和生理学角度探讨了汽车夜间会车时眩目的机理．由于传统的前照灯配光设计停留在二维的层面上，设计周期长，且配光效果差，很难达到防眩目的要求．本文通过Reflector CAD软件反求出了符合ECE法规配光要求的自由曲面前照灯反射镜的三维模型，该模型可以直接用于数控程序的编制，减小了前照灯的设计成本和设计周期，利用TracePro软件对模型进行近光配光的仿真实验，通过光线追踪的方法避免了实际配光实验时调整反射镜配光所需的反复制造过程，同时又保证了前照灯防眩目的效果。     

Food intake and energy expenditure in growing cats with and without a predisposition to overweight

Overweight and obesity are multifactorial diseases caused by an imbalance in energy metabolism. An underlying genetic predisposition is often a factor in these conditions. In the cat breeding family of the Institute of Animal Nutrition at the Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, a segregating overweight phenotype with a genetic contribution was observed. From this breeding family, 26 kittens were followed from birth up to 8 months of age. During this time, food intake was measured using an automatic feeding station, and energy expenditure was investigated using indirect calorimetry at the ages of 4 and 6 months. Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was performed and blood glucose, leptin and insulin were measured at the ages of 4, 6 and 8 months. The kittens were also weighed daily for the first 2 weeks of life, every second day until weaning and once per week until 8 months of age. The body condition score (BCS) was evaluated monthly between 2 and 8 months of age. The main finding of this study is that a predisposition to overweight is connected to a higher food intake early in life, with no significant alterations in energy expenditure. The leptin blood levels were related to body fat percentage, and insulin sensitivity did not seem to be affected.     

诱变选育西瓜染色体易位系的步骤及其杂交1代少籽组合的选配

用60Coγ射线辐照干种子诱变培育西瓜染色体易位系,并用其进行选配少籽杂交子1代研究,对克服三倍体无籽西瓜种子发芽率低、成苗率低、制种成本高、育苗技术较复杂的缺陷具有重要的意义;易位系杂交子1代西瓜保持了二倍体杂交1代的优良特性,减少了单瓜籽粒数,提高了果实可溶性固形物含量,从而提高了西瓜品质和商品价值。详细介绍了诱变选育西瓜易位系的步骤和技术、易位系的特征特性和优良的西瓜染色体易位杂交1代组合,并针对选育的科丰黑美人、红牡丹等易位系杂交1代分析阐述了染色体易位系杂交一代的优点和应用前景。     

中华鲟硬组织微结构及微化学的特征探索

为了在中华鲟洄游生态学研究上有新突破,实验首次比较研究了中华鲟3种硬组织(耳石、背骨板和胸鳍条)的微结构和微化学特征.结果 发现,耳石结构松散,存在多个耳砂(微晶球霰石球晶)颗粒,且每个颗粒均具有独立的核心;背骨板存在分层现象;胸鳍条结构较为致密,且均一.胸鳍条、耳石中生境元素Co/Ca、Sr/Ca和Ba/Ca比特征变...     

紫外线照射对中华锯齿米虾胚胎发育的影响

自抱卵的中华锯齿米虾雌虾腹部剥离取卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期和无节幼体Ⅰ期的胚胎置于培养皿中,暴露在紫外线下,照射剂量分别为0、1、2、4、8、16 W·s/cm2,人工振荡培养箱中以速度55 r/min、温度25℃、湿度60％培养.每隔24 h在解剖镜下观察胚胎发育至48 h后进行数据分析,研究紫外线照射剂量对中华锯齿...     

条石鲷早期发育阶段鳍的分化

条石鲷仔稚鱼在室外水泥池进行培育,培育水温24-28℃,盐度28-32,pH7.6-8.4,对条石鲷早期发育阶段鳍的发育、分化进行了观察.结果表明:初孵仔鱼奇鳍鳍褶起始于头部,绕过尾部,终止于肛门;3日龄仔鱼出现胸鳍;8日龄仔鱼脊椎末端下侧出现放射丝;12日龄仔鱼脊椎末端开始上翘,腹鳍基形成;15日龄仔鱼胸鳍出现软条,背鳍、臀鳍在支鳍骨上方的相应位置分化出软条,尾鳍由圆形转变为截形,腹鳍形成2枚软条;20日龄仔鱼背、臀、尾鳍软条出现分节,腹鳍形成4枚软条,透明,无色素,尾鳍呈长截形,鳍中部略有内凹;30日龄稚鱼各鳍鳍条数目已发育完全,尾鳍鳍条出现分支,胸鳍和尾鳍还未有色素分布,背、臀鳍的鳍棘部已全部出现色素,软条部分还未完全着色素,腹鳍已全部着色素;40日龄进入幼鱼期,外部形态和成鱼相似,各鳍鳍条发育完全.条石鲷仔稚鱼胸鳍长与全长呈直线回归关系,且胸鳍长随日龄的增加而增长,呈指数关系.条石鲷各鳍的发育时序依次为胸鳍、尾鳍、背鳍、臀鳍、腹鳍.     

60Co-γ射线辐射马铃薯块茎M2代群体的诱变效应

[目的]研究60Co-γ射线的不同辐射剂量对马铃薯块茎M2代群体的诱变效应。[方法]以云薯2号和鄂马铃薯5号为试材,采用60Co-γ射线的4种辐射剂量（5、10、15、20GY）分别对2个马铃薯品种的休眠块茎进行辐射诱变,分别测量2个马铃薯品种M2代叶片的叶绿素含量、干物质、淀粉含量以及产量等农艺性状,研究60Co-γ射线的不同辐射剂量对马铃薯M2代群体的诱变效应。[结果]不同辐射剂量对同一马铃薯品种M2代主要农艺性状产生的变异程度不同;相同辐射剂量对不同马铃薯品种M2代主要农艺性状所产生的变异程度不同。60Co-γ射线诱变改良个别性状（早熟、抗病性、高产、叶绿素含量）较有效,60Co-γ射线诱变马铃薯的适宜照射剂量为10～20GY,从2个马铃薯品种M2代中共单选出41个优株系。[结论]对马铃薯进行辐射诱变是一种有效的育种手段,但大多数突变是隐性突变,辐射诱变育种难度较大。     

X射线荧光光谱法快速测定稻谷中的镉

探索了一种对稻谷中重金属镉的快速、直接的测定方法,以适用稻谷集中收购、存储和流通过程中快速检测的的需要。样品无需前处理,直接磨成粉状即可上机测定。该方法采用X射线荧光光谱分析的原理,样品中的待测元素受激产生特征X射线,并由高性能探测器接收,得到镉元素的信号强度,然后根据信号强度与浓度的比例关系,经过软件处理自动计算样品中镉的含量,20min内完成精确定量。检出限可达到0.034mg/kg,实物标样标准偏差为0.016。此方法简单快速,并且准确性高,重现性好,可广泛应用于稻谷中镉的快速检测。     

Pedotransfer functions to assess adsorbed phosphate using iron oxide content and magnetic susceptibility in an Oxisol

Adsorbed phosphate in soils can be chemically extracted; however, this process is both time‐consuming and not cost‐effective if large numbers of samples have to be analysed. Indirect assessment of adsorbed phosphate by pedotransfer functions (PTFs) can help optimize fertilizer strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the spatial variability of adsorbed phosphate (P_ads), iron oxides and magnetic susceptibility (MS) in oxisols and to calibrate PTFs to predict P_ads. A total of 308 soil samples were collected from Hapludox and Eutrudox soils formed from sandstone in Brazil. The contents of clay (196–607 g/kg), iron oxides (40–165 g/kg), MS (1.2–29 × 10^?6 m³/kg) and P_ads (327–842 mg/kg) were in the range of typical values for these highly weathered soils. This study showed that the attributes studied were spatially dependent. Geomorphic surfaces enabled understanding of spatial variability and helped to develop a more efficient sampling scheme to calibrate PTFs. Moreover, the adsorbed phosphate in these oxisols could be predicted by a PTF using iron oxides and MS as predictors. The MS attribute enabled the most accurate prediction (concordance coefficient = 0.95, root‐mean‐square error = 46 mg/kg and relative improvement in root‐mean‐square error = ?4.12) of spatial variability through PTF compared to other predictors.