Movement and Distribution of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae) Adults Under Different Temperature Differences in Different Lengths of Horizontal Grain Columns

Understanding insect movement and distribution is critical for developing an effective insect pest management protocol. Movement and distribution of adult Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) in response to nominal temperature differences of 5, 10, 15, and 20°C in 1- and 2-m horizontal columns filled with 12.5% moisture content wheat were studied in 24, 48, and 72 h of movement times. In the wheat columns without temperature differences, adults had a diffusion distribution pattern caused by their random movement. Adults showed bias movement to the warmer grain in wheat columns with temperature differences and preferred the warmer grain regardless of the magnitude of temperature differences in less than 24 h. Their distribution did not have significant differences among different movement times in 1- or 2-m columns. About 40% of adults moved to the warmer wheat located at 0.4 to 0.5 m in the 1 m column but did not move to the warmer wheat located at 0.9 to 1 m in the 2-m column. Therefore, length of grain column influenced detection of warmer grain by insects. Adults under different temperatures had a similar response as that under linear temperature gradients.     

山西晋南小地老虎越冬代成虫发生量与环境因子的关系

为了解掌握山西晋南各地小地老虎越冬代成虫发生量与海拔、气温、降雨等环境因子的关系,2015年进行了不同环境条件下小地老虎越冬代成虫性诱剂诱虫试验。结果表明:低海拔地区的成虫比高海拔地区始见期早,且发生量大;成虫始见期温度为5~6℃,活动的高峰期温度为11~19℃,终末期温度为25~28℃,低于5℃或者高于28℃成虫基本不活动或零星活动;在成虫主要集中活动的11~19℃范围内,不同区域成虫活动与温度变化差异显著,温度高时活动明显加剧,温度低时活动减弱;成虫的发生量随降雨量增加呈递减规律;从降雨前1日到降雨当日再到雨后1日也整体呈递减规律,但中雨前后3日,发生规律有所不同,呈"V"字形趋势;其中,小雨(或阵雨)当日及前1日、中雨前1日的平均单日诱虫量均大于无雨日的诱虫量。     

Effects of time and concentration on mortality of phosphine-resistant Sitophilus oryzae (L) fumigated with phosphine

The effects of exposure period and phosphine concentration on mortality of susceptible and resistant Sitophilus oryzae (L) were investigated. Although S oryzae is one of the world's most serious pests of stored grain there are few data on the practical significance of phosphine resistance in this species. The strains investigated were an Australian susceptible strain, a homozygous resistant strain exhibiting a level of resistance common in Australia and an unselected field strain from China with a much stronger resistance. Fumigations were carried out at 25 degrees C on adults and mixed-age cultures. For adults of all three strains and mixed-age cultures of the susceptible and resistant Australian strains, the relationship between concentration and time could be described by equations of the form Cnt = k. In all cases n < 1, indicating that time was a more important variable than concentration. In all fumigations of adults the resistant strains were harder to kill than the susceptible strain. However, in fumigations of mixed-age cultures, which contained the tolerant pupal stage, the difference between susceptible and resistant strains was more pronounced at lower concentrations than higher concentrations. For example, at 0.02 mg litre-1 the estimated LT99.9 for mixed-age cultures of the Australian resistant strain (27 days) is 3.4 times that of the susceptible strain (8 days), but at 1 mg litre-1 there is no difference between the two strains (4 days). Limited data on the Chinese resistant strain supported this finding. Twenty-three days exposure at 0.02 mg litre-1 had no effect on mixed-age cultures of this strain, but there were no survivors after 5 days exposure to 1 mg litre-1.     

光棘球海胆性腺氨基酸组成的研究

于2006年5、6、8月测定了光棘球海胆Strongylocentrotus nudus雌、雄个体性腺中氨基酸含量及组成。结果表明：光棘球海胆氨基酸含量为30．75％～48．52％（质量分数,下同）,其中鲜味氨基酸含量为15．33％～21．84％,必需氨基酸含量占氨基酸总量的42．67％-52．50％,鲜味氨基酸含量占总氨基酸含量的43％以上。光棘球海胆中甘氨酸含量最高（3．76％～5．02％）,谷氨酸含量（2．99％～4．79％）次之;雌、雄个体以及排放精、卵时其氨基酸组成变化较大;过熟及迟熟的海胆无论是氨基酸总量,还是必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸含量都低于早期成熟海胆;雄性海胆性腺鲜味氨基酸含量高于雌性,因此雄性更美味。研究表明,生产中采集海胆最好在海胆早期成熟阶段,在海胆成熟后期自然排放之前采收完毕。     

不同补饲水平对陕北白绒山羊产绒性能的影响

通过研究不同补饲水平对陕北白绒山羊绒的生长和产绒量的影响,探索陕北白绒山羊在冬春季节枯草期放牧时的补饲方案。试验抽取横山县某羊场同年龄段体重相近健康的陕北白绒山羊成年母羊120只,随机分为四组,每组30只。对照组,每天补饲0.2kg玉米;三个试验组分别每天补饲配合精料0.2、0.3、0.4kg。结果表明,在自然放牧条件下,陕北白绒山羊在冬春枯草季节通过补饲可延长绒毛的快速生长期至12月份,而1月至抓绒前绒毛生长缓慢。试验期内0.2kg组、0.3kg组、0.4kg组绒长的增长量分别较对照组增加了66.45%,67.10%,72.36%,产绒量分别提高了26.75%、29.62%、22.48%,三个试验组绒长度及产绒量均显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,各试验组之间差异不显著（P〉0.05）。研究表明,成年母羊在冬春季节归牧后,补饲0.2kg配合精料可显著提高绒毛的长度和产绒量,但进一步增加配合精料的补给量,效果并不明显。     

日粮组成对成年牦牛消化和能量代谢的影响

在海拔3980m的果洛州大武乡对3头成年牦牛饲喂3种不同的日粮,按3×3拉丁方设计安排消化代谢试验,结果表明：（1）随日粮中精料比例的增加,粗蛋白的消化率逐渐升高,而其它各营养成分的消化率则逐渐降低,且日粮粗蛋白、粗灰分和能量消化率之间的差异显著（P〈0.05）,干物质和有机物质消化率之间的差异不显著（P〉0.05）;（2）能量代谢率和消化能转化为代谢能的效率之间的差异显著（P〈0.05）,且其平均转化效率为0.77;（3）钙、磷食入量之间的差异不显著（P〈0.05）,磷存留量随日粮中精料比例的增加而增加;钙存留量在B日粮下最大,B日粮显著高于A和C日粮。     

哺乳期幼驼与成年母驼粪便菌群多样性分析

【目的】探究准噶尔双峰驼哺乳期幼驼和成年母驼粪便菌群结构组成及多样性变化,为幼驼肠道健康发育提供重要依据。【方法】选取6～7岁体况相近的健康成年母驼12峰,以及出生日期相近(3月龄)的哺乳期母幼驼12峰,母驼与幼驼在相同饲养环境下饲养。采用直肠取粪法采集粪样,用于粪便内容物细菌16S rDNA的V3-V4区测序,并对测序数据进行相应分析。【结果】母驼粪便菌群Chao1和Shannon指数均显著高于幼驼(P<0.05);在门水平上,母驼和幼驼粪便中位于前十的菌均为厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、疣微菌门、变形菌门、软壁菌门、螺旋体门、TM7、放线菌门、蓝藻菌门和纤维杆菌门,其中幼驼粪便中变形菌门和软壁菌门丰度均极显著高于母驼(P<0.01);在科水平上,母驼与幼驼粪便中位于前十的菌均为瘤胃球菌科、消化链球菌科、毛螺菌科、梭菌科、克里斯滕森菌科、理研菌科、疣微菌科、拟杆菌科、艰难杆菌科和普雷沃氏菌科,其中母驼粪便中消化链球菌科和梭菌科的丰度均极显著高于幼驼(P<0.01),而幼驼粪便中毛螺菌科的丰度极显著高于母驼(P<0.01);在属水平上,母驼与幼驼粪便中位于前十的菌属均为梭...     

成体干细胞的研究现状与展望

近年来，干细胞特有的生物学特性及其潜在的生物医学应用价值使之成为生命科学领域最热点、最前沿的课题之一。随着对干细胞研究的不断深入，人们发现成体干细胞除了具有较强的自我更新、高度增殖和多向分化潜能外还具有分化方向的可塑性。作者根据国内外研究成果，综述了成体干细胞的“可塑性”研究的最新进展，以及成体干细胞可塑性研究的前景及存在的主要问题。     

Histamine receptors mediate contraction of reticular groove smooth muscle of adult goats

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of histamine and to characterise its receptor subtypes in reticular groove (RG) smooth muscle of adult goats. The studies were done using floor and lip regions of RG. We used tension experiments on smooth muscle of RG isolated from adult goat for functional characterisation of H₁ and H₂ receptors. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry experiments were conducted for molecular characterisation of these receptors. Histamine evoked concentration-dependent contraction of isolated RG circular and longitudinal smooth muscle preparation. Pyrilamine antagonised the action of histamine. Histamine did not induce any relaxant effect on RG preparations. Additionally, cimetidine did not produce any significant effect on histamine-induced response. Non-selective histaminic receptor antagonist cyproheptadine attenuated the contraction response to histamine in the smooth muscle. Molecular characterisation and localisation of H₁ and H₂ receptor proteins confirmed the presence of these receptors in RG. It is most likely that histamine-induced contractile effect in RG smooth muscle of goats is mediated by H₁ histaminic receptors.     

哺乳动物成体干细胞的研究进展

干细胞具有自我更新能力,能够产生高度分化的功能细胞。干细胞按照发育阶段分为胚胎干细胞和成体干细胞。根据干细胞的发育潜能分为三类：全能干细胞、多能干细胞和单能干细胞。胚胎干细胞的发育等级较高,是全能干细胞,而成体干细胞的发育等级较低,是多能或单能干细胞。一般认为成年组织或器官内的干细胞具有组织特异性,只能分化成特定的细胞或组织,然而,研究结果表明,组织特异性干细胞同样具有分化成其他细胞或组织的潜能,这为干细胞的应用开创了更广泛的空间。作者主要综述了干细胞的研究进展及几种成体干细胞的诱导分化。