Artificial burrow preference by the Japanese crayfish Cambaroides japonicus

SUMMARY: Preference for artificial burrows by the endangered Japanese crayfish species Cambaroides japonicus was studied to improve its cultivation. The occupation of artificial burrows, which were made from straight polyvinyl chloride pipes of different internal diameters ( Y , mm), by crayfishes of different total lengths ( X , mm) was significantly ( P < 0.001, n = 56) described by a linear regression: Y = 0.49 X + 3.42 (19.0 ≤ X ≤ 70.2). Among burrows of different lengths [crayfish total length (TL) × 1, × 2, × 3, and × 4], crayfishes significantly preferred burrows that were greater than TL × 3 ( P < 0.001, n = 588).     

Expression of a recombinant crustacean hyperglycemic hormone of the kuruma prawn Penaeus japonicus in methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris

ABSTRACT:   Until now, six crustacean hyperglycemic hormones (CHH) designated Pej-SGP-I, -II, -III, -V, -VI and -VII have been characterized in the kuruma prawn Penaeus japonicus . All CHH consist of 72 amino acid residues and have an amidated carboxyl (C)-terminus. In the present study, we expressed Pej-SGP-III in methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris in order to obtain a large quantity of recombinant CHH possessing biological activity. A cDNA encoding Pej-SGP-III that had been previously cloned was processed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the resulting product was ligated into an expression vector. Pichia pastoris was transformed with this vector after which a recombinant Pej-SGP-III was expressed having an additional amino acid residue (glycine) at the C-terminus (rPej-SGP-III-Gly), a form considered to be a putative precursor of this hormone. rPej-SGP-III-Gly secreted into the culture medium was purified by reversed-phase HPLC, and amidated using a peptidylglycine alpha-amidating enzyme. The amidated rPej-SGP-III (rPej-SGP-III) showed hyperglycemic activity in in vivo bioassay almost comparable to that of the natural Pej-SGP-III. rPej-SGP-III thus obtained will be a useful tool not only for its physiological study but also for the determination of its 3-D structure.     

麦冬水提物对猫肾细胞的影响研究

麦冬是我国传统中药之一,兼备保健和治疗作用。为了探究麦冬能否应用在宠物食品中,本试验以不同浓度的麦冬水提物(3.91 ～8000 μg/mL)为受试药物,从细胞的形态、增殖、凋亡及周期4个方面对猫肾细胞(F81)进行安全性评价。结果表明：在试验浓度范围内,麦冬水提物没有抑制F81的增殖,且在3.91～62.5 μg/mL的浓度范围内,凋亡及周期结果经统计学分析均无显著性差异,与对照组接近,且细胞形态良好。说明在一定浓度范围内,麦冬水提物对F81细胞无毒害作用。     

Prospects for the biological control of Tuta absoluta in tomatoes of the Mediterranean basin

Since its detection in the Mediterranean basin at the end of 2006 and later in other European countries, the South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), has become a serious threat to tomato crops. In newly infested areas, it is especially problematic during the first years of its presence. Nevertheless, after 2–3 years, the incidence of T. absoluta has become less severe in certain areas. There are several factors contributing to this decline, such as the increase in growers' knowledge of pest behaviour and biology and the correct application of integrated pest control strategies. The impact of opportunistic native natural enemies (fortuitous biological control) should be considered as one of the key factors in this decline. In this review, available information on indigenous natural enemies is updated, and the current pest management approaches used against T. absoluta are addressed. Finally, future scenarios for biological control of this pest are discussed. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

黄海北部辽宁近岸海域鳀产卵场分布特征及其影响因素

为掌握黄海北部辽宁近岸海域鳀(Engraulis japonicus)产卵场的分布特征及其关键环境因子,基于2021年4—12月开展的产卵场综合调查获取的鳀样品及其鱼卵密度数据,运用Garrison重心分布法阐释鳀产卵洄游分布特征及其主产卵期;通过基于Tweedie分布的广义可加模型(generalized additive model, GAM)的构建,分析主产卵期内鳀卵密度与同步获取的海水表层温度(SST)、海水表层盐度(SSS)、海水表层叶绿素浓度(Chla)、浮游动物丰度(Fd)、浮游植物丰度(Fz)和深度(Depth)等6个环境因子,以及时间(月份,Month)和空间(经纬度、Lon和Lat)因子之间关系,并识别主控因子。结果显示,海域内鳀产卵期较长,由4月持续至11月,5—8月为主产卵期,其中,5—6月为产卵盛期。鳀产卵场规模和位置时空变化明显,时空因子与鳀卵密度分布呈密切非线性相关(累积偏差解释率为48.1%),(SST, SSS) (18.7%)和Depth (5%)次之。鳀产卵期适温范围较广,产卵场分布表现出高温高盐(低温低盐)增效作用和高温低盐限制作用。产卵初期(4月),鳀产卵场规模和鱼卵密度均较低,产卵重心位于海洋岛东南侧深水区;盛期(5月底—6月初)在SST主导下,鳀产卵场规模和鱼卵密度均至年内最高值,核心产卵场位于石城岛–庄河河口一带海域;此后,随着辽南沿岸水系盐度的下降,高温低盐的抑制作用使SSS因素主导产卵鱼群避开沿岸海域,鳀产卵场迁移至外海深水区,7月后位于30~50 m等深线之间;9—10月鳀繁殖活动基本结束,10月鳀卵仅零星分布于调查海域,直至12月未有鳀卵采获。研究可为黄海北部辽宁近岸海域鳀产卵场研究及鳀资源合理开发利用提供参考依据。     

麦冬须根正丁醇萃取物化学成分的分离与鉴定

为了研究麦冬须根中的化学成分,本研究采用大孔吸附树脂、ODS和Sephadex LH-20多种柱色谱技术对麦冬须根乙醇提取物的正丁醇萃取物进行分离纯化;通过波谱数据与理化性质分析并结合文献进行化合物结构鉴定.从麦冬须根的正丁醇萃取物中分离得到10个化合物,其结构分别鉴定为5-甲氧基-6-甲基-7-羟基-8-醛基-3S-...     

乌江网箱养殖花鲈体表细菌分离鉴定与感染草鱼试验

利用微生物学常用的细菌分离纯化方法,从患病花鲈体表分离出了5株菌株,分别编号为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ。进行生化试验和细菌16S rRNA 基因序列测定,并将测序结果输入到NCBI（http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/）中,利用BLAST 工具对序列进行同源性对比分析。结果发现,5株细菌中,初步鉴定Ⅰ为野菊微小杆菌,Ⅱ为乙酰微小杆菌,Ⅲ~Ⅳ为巨型球菌,Ⅴ为细菌MM5。用5 株细菌分别感染健康草鱼,发现5株细菌均具有致病性,其中巨型球菌对草鱼的危害较大。     

不同硒源对刺参呼吸代谢的影响

为了研究不同硒源对刺参Apostichopus japonicus特定生长率和呼吸代谢指标的影响,以刺参幼参和成参为研究对象,分别强化投喂硒添加量为0.6 mg/kg的硒代蛋氨酸、硒酸钠和亚硒酸钠饲料,试验周期为60 d。结果表明:硒添加组成参和幼参的特定生长率均显著大于对照组(P0.05),其中硒代蛋氨酸组最大,且显著大于硒酸钠组和亚硒酸钠组(P0.05),除硒代蛋氨酸组外,其他各试验组成参的特定生长率均大于幼参;硒添加组成参和幼参的耗氧率均显著大于对照组(P0.05),其中硒代蛋氨酸组最小,显著小于硒酸钠组和亚硒酸钠组(P0.05),对应组中,幼参耗氧率大于成参;硒添加组成参和幼参的排氨率均低于对照组,除硒代蛋氨酸组成参显著低于对照组(P0.05)外,其余硒添加组与对照组均无显著性差异(P0.05),硒代蛋氨酸组的排氨率最小,对应组中,幼参排氨率大于成参;硒添加组成参和幼参的O/N值均显著大于对照组(P0.05),其中硒代蛋氨酸组最小,但硒添加组间无显著性差异(P0.05),对应组中,成参的O/N值大于幼参。研究表明,饲料中添加硒能够提高刺参的代谢率,促进刺参生长,其中有机硒(硒代蛋氨酸硒)的促生长效果好于无机硒(硒酸钠和亚硒酸钠),且硒代蛋氨酸对幼参的促生长效果要好于成参。     

饲料中不同赖氨酸水平对急性高温胁迫后刺参非特异性免疫酶活性的影响

[目的]研究饲料中不同赖氨酸水平对急性高温胁迫后刺参非特异性免疫酶活性的影响。[方法]试验配制赖氨酸含量分别为0.28%(Ⅰ组)、0.64%(Ⅱ组)、1.19%(Ⅲ组)、1.89%(Ⅳ组)和2.23%(Ⅴ组)的5种刺参试验饲料,用以投喂体质量(1.55±0.01)g的刺参。56 d养殖试验(养殖期间水温控制在(18±1)℃)结束后,对刺参进行急性高温(28℃)刺激,1.5 h后测定其体腔液酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、过氧化氢酶活性(CAT)和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)。[结果]高温刺激下,随着赖氨酸添加量的提高,刺参体腔液中的ACP活性呈先升高后下降的趋势。当赖氨酸含量为1.89%时ACP活性最高,其AKP和T-AOC活性的变化趋势与ACP基本相同。CAT活性随着赖氨酸含量的增加而升高,当赖氨酸含量为1.19%时CAT活性达到最大值,此后呈现下降趋势。[结论]饲料中添加适量的赖氨酸能改善刺参体腔液非特异性免疫酶活性,增强其对急性高温胁迫的适应性并提高其存活率。刺参饲料中赖氨酸的适宜添加范围为1.19%~1.89%。