论电子阅览室的知识导航与信息服务

本文立足于知识导航与信息服务，对网络环境下电子阅览室的服务内容、服务保障、目前面临的现状进行了论述，并提出了服务对策。     

光明顶上种核桃 远近闻名小康村——云南省大理州漾濞彝族自治县苍山西镇光明村

"头顶云雾脚踩霜,荞麦粑粑萝卜汤"这曾是旧光明村人生活的真实写照。光明村位于漾濞彝族自治县东部,苍山西坡腹地,居住着彝、汉、白、傣、傈僳5个民族,少数民族人口占总人口的65.04%。       

Assessment of plastic ingestion by pole-caught pelagic predatory fish from O'ahu,Hawai'i

1. Although the frequency of occurrence of plastic ingestion in the large-sized dolphinfish and tunas taken by the Hawai'i longline fishery is very low (frequency of occurrence < 5% of sampled individuals), the ingestion of plastic in smaller-sized specimens caught with pole-and-line gear by commercial and recreational fishers has not been investigated.
2. This study examined ingestion of >0.25 mm marine plastic debris (MPD) by four predatory fish species caught by commercial fishers around the Main Hawaiian Islands, and documented ingestion in three species: 85.7% of albacore tuna (n = 7), 40.0% of skipjack tuna (n = 10) and 12.5% of dolphinfish (n = 8).
3. Yellowfin tuna (n = 10) did not contain any MPD, probably owing to the high proportion of empty stomachs (60%).
4. For skipjack tuna, the frequency of occurrence of MPD ingestion was significantly higher for the smaller-sized specimens caught with pole-and-line (40%), compared with the larger-sized specimens caught with longlines (0%).
5. For dolphinfish, the frequency of occurrence of MPD ingestion was similar for the similar-sized specimens caught with pole-and-line and with longlines.
6. The ingested MPD items were micro–meso plastics, between 1 and 25 mm. While most ingested items were fragments, albacore also ingested line and skipjack also ingested sheets.
7. The predatory fishes ingested light MPD items that float in sea water, but there were species-specific differences in their polymer composition: albacore contained more polypropylene and polyethylene, and skipjack contained more elastomers, characterized by a high percentage of ester plasticizers.
8. Altogether, these results suggest that albacore and skipjack tunas ingest plastic of different types and polymers. Yet more research is needed to understand how differences in vertical distribution, foraging ecology and diet influence the MPD sampled by these predatory fish species.

     

大丽轮枝菌侵染抗感棉种的组织学过程观察

 棉花黄萎病是一种极难防治的土传性真菌病害,研究病原菌侵染棉花的组织学过程对致病机理解析和抗病资源利用具有重要意义。本研究利用绿色荧光蛋白标记的大丽轮枝菌系统研究了其对抗病棉种海岛棉7124和三裂棉、感病棉种军棉1号和戴维逊棉的侵染过程。结果表明,大丽轮枝菌对抗/感棉种的初始侵染没有明显差异,接菌5 h后,分生孢子均能吸附在感病和抗病棉种的根表面。但侵染过程存在显著差异,侵染感病棉种中病原菌3~5 d到达皮层,5~7 d达到维管束,随后迅速扩展繁殖,侵染14 d后即完成系统侵染,并开始产生黄萎病症状;而病原菌侵染抗病棉种,5~7 d才侵入皮层,7~10 d到达维管束,14 d后仍无法扩展,病原菌的定殖与发展受到限制,无法形成系统侵染,较少形成黄萎病症状。本研究通过绿色荧光蛋白标记大丽轮枝菌对抗/感棉种的侵染过程研究,为大丽轮枝菌致病机理研究和抗性资源利用提供了强有力的理论依据。     

葡萄霜霉病菌对甲霜灵抗药性治理及其田间抗药菌株遗传稳定性分析

 为了明确葡萄霜霉病菌对甲霜灵的田间抗药性水平发展态势,于轮换用药前后,采用叶盘漂浮法测定了河北、山西、河南3省葡萄主要种植区11个葡萄园试验地葡萄霜霉病菌对甲霜灵敏感性变化动态。结果表明:田间采集的葡萄霜霉病菌对甲霜灵抗药的菌株其抗药性可以稳定遗传;不同地区轮换用药后,葡萄霜霉病菌对甲霜灵的抗药水平变化态势因用药流程的不同而发生相应的变化。采用不同作用机制的杀菌剂轮换或混合用药进行葡萄霜霉病菌对甲霜灵的抗药性治理时,需制定合理的施药流程,并根据抗药性治理的效果不断完善治理措施。     

内毒素血症对大鼠肠黏膜杯状细胞的影响

本研究选用39只140~150g SPF级SD大鼠作为动物内毒素血症模型,运用组织学常规HE染色和PAS染色技术,采取定性、定位和定量相结合的方法,通过观察不同试验组大鼠肠黏膜杯状细胞(GC)的数量和分布的动态变化来探讨内毒素(ET)对肠道黏膜免疫系统的影响。结果表明,ET能够破坏肠道黏膜的正常结构,影响肠黏膜的正常功能,同时能够在不同程度上降低GC数量,从而破坏肠道黏膜免疫系统。     

利用SCI对我国农业学科进行科技评价的思考

利用美国ISI发布的2001年度期刊引文报告(JCR2001)数据,对主要的几项期刊指标在农业学科期刊中的分布情况进行了比较分析.从中得知在理、工、农、医4大学科领域中,SCI收录农业学科期刊最少,农业的高影响力期刊也最少.如果不同学科用同一个标准来衡量,将会影响那些收录期刊数、被引频次较少及一些重要的冷门学科的正常发展.文中以SCI收录浙江大学农业学科论文为实例进行了验证,并提出利用SCI对我国农业学科进行科技评价的思考及建议.     

云南蓝莓叶斑病的病原菌鉴定

<正>蓝莓(Vaccinium spp.)属于杜鹃花科(Ericaceae)越橘属(Vaccinium)多年生小浆果类果树,广泛应用于医药、保健、化妆品和环境保护等领域,联合国粮农组织将其果实列为世界五大健康食品之一。我国已有10多个省份开始大面积的蓝莓商业化栽培[1],这也是南方酸性土丘陵地区值得发展的经济作物。随着栽培面积的不断扩大,蓝莓病害日趋突出,严重影响和制约蓝莓产业的发展。     

河南省小麦全蚀病菌的分离及变种类型鉴定

 从河南省10个地市采集的小麦病根样品中分离得到82株病原分离株, 通过形态特征观察、回接致病性测定、以及分子生物学的方法对所分离菌株进行鉴定。其中47个菌株菌丝分支处都形成典型的“∧”状;子囊壳埋生或半埋生, 子囊棍棒状, 子囊孢子线形, 稍弯曲, 无色, 具有5~10个分隔, 大小为68~94 μm×2~4 μm;对82个分离株rDNA-ITS区进行PCR扩增和序列测定, BLAST序列比对结果表明, 47株菌株与小麦全蚀病菌的ITS序列同源性达97%～99%, 据此确定47株菌株为小麦全蚀病菌。应用小麦全蚀病菌4个变种的特异性引物进行PCR扩增都得到禾顶囊壳小麦变种(870 bp)的特异性片段, 鉴定47株菌株均为禾顶囊壳小麦变种 (Gaeumannomyces graminis var.tritici)。