Antigen-nonspecific macrophage factors modulating the antibody response in vitro

Antibody response to an antigen involves the co-operation between three types of cells: macrophages, T cells and B cells. The cognate interactions between these cells play a fundamental role in the expression of a specific antibody response, but the last is modulated by antigen-nonspecific soluble factors produced either by macrophages or by T cells. Macrophages elaborate a spectrum of molecules modulating the function of lymphoid cells; among them are IL1 and prostaglandins of the E series, which are respectively enhancer and inhibitor of the antibody response in vitro. These molecules alter T cell and B cell activities through different mechanisms involving activation or inhibition of IL2 production, or alteration of cells surface antigens. However, the cellular events following the fixation of soluble factor on its receptors are not known.     

家畜胚胎干细胞的分离培养和鉴定

家畜胚胎干细胞的分离培养和鉴定工作对于研究和利用家畜胚胎干细胞具有重大意义。本文对文献中报道的各种分离、培养和鉴定方法进行了综述 ,并介绍了几种主要家畜的胚胎干细胞在近十余年间的研究进展情况。     

Quantitative and descriptive histological aspects of jaguar (Panthera onca Linnaeus, 1758) ear skin as a step towards formation of biobanks

Skin of mammals vulnerable to extinction, such as the jaguar, is used as a source of material in conservation strategies. The composition of skin is not uniform among species, and the ability to distinguish similarities in skin morphology in animal groups is fundamental in the application of skin tissue for use in biobanks. The aim of our study was to evaluate the structure, composition and capacity for culture of ear skin from the yellow and black jaguars. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used, focusing on skin thickness, cell quantification and distribution, collagen density, proliferative activity and viability. Histomorphometrical study of the skin showed a total thickness of 273.2 and 274.6 µm for the yellow and black jaguars, respectively. Melanocytes and fibroblasts were, respectively, 9.7 and 23.0 for the yellow jaguar and 11.3 and 26.8 for the black jaguar. A collagen density of 67.0% and 49.0% was observed for yellow and black jaguars, respectively. Both animals presented a proliferative activity varying between 1.20 and 1.30. All tissues could promote cellular detachment, reaching subconfluence in 10–15 days. This kind of information from histomorphometrical features and cell cultures can be essential for a more targeted application of ear skin cryopreservation in this species, as such information will enable understanding the action of substances on tissues during the conservation process.     

甲型肝炎病毒免疫控制研究进展

对甲型肝炎病毒(HAV)发病机理和免疫调控的研究近年来重新受到关注。在发展中国家感染者的平均年龄增加,导致机制尚不明确的更严重的肝炎。而且,从HAV和丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)的免疫对比来看,这两种正链RNA病毒感染结果完全不同。HCV比HAV复制效率低,导致HCV蛋白表达量低,因此对IFN信号传导的拮抗作用较低。有研究发现循环的HAV病毒颗粒隐藏在膜里,导致先天免疫和抗体介导中和作用的激活。同时还考虑到CD4^+辅助T细胞对CD8^+细胞毒性T细胞对抗病毒免疫和肝损伤的作用,提出了一种非细胞毒性的HAV感染免疫控制模型。     

西南地区野生马蹄金无性繁殖特性研究

采用野生马蹄金Dichondra repens（SD200310、SD200411、GD200504、SD200304）为材料,研究了无性系构件克隆生长的时间动态、形态、空间构型等。结果表明：1）主茎增长率随时间推移而下降,空间扩展依赖源株和早生分株、叶片的贡献;2）移植植株生长和茎叶扩展之间对物质能量的需求变换,导致了无性系的生长格局及无性系构件和生物量在空间上的分配与配置差异;3）以5 cm×5 cm草皮间铺栽植在密度为D2（40 cm×40 cm）时,主茎长（22.33 cm）、叶片数（28.38片）、节数（24.76节）和节长（1.42 cm）的均值达最大值,呈最佳生长状态,为合理的建植密度;4）随密度增加,间隔子长度递减,分枝角度增加,分枝强度减小,体现了在密度影响下的可塑性变化。     

REGIONAL BINDING INDEX OF THE RADIOLABELED SELECTIVE 5-HT2A ANTAGONIST 123I-5-I-R91150 IN THE NORMAL CANINE BRAIN IMAGED WITH SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

The pattern of the specific 5-HT2A (5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor) antagonist 123I-5-I-R91150 was measured in 10 healthy dogs without neurologic and behavior abnormalities. Eight cortical regions (left and right fronto-, temporo-, parieto-, and occipitocortical area), one global subcortical region (including the thalamic system) were compared with a reference region lacking receptors; that is, the cerebellum. The 123I labeled radioligand was injected intravenously 100-200 minutes before acquisition. Both transmission and emission data were obtained with a triple head gamma camera equipped with high-resolution fanbeam collimators. The emission data were corrected for scatter and attenuation. To delineate different cerebral regions more accurately, the regions of interest (ROI) defined in a former study on brain perfusion measured with 99mTc-ethyl cysteinate dimer (ECD) in the same dogs were used. The co-registration of the 99mTc-ECD and the 123I-5-I-R91150, obtained from each dog, was realized with the help of corresponding transmission maps. By normalizing each regional cerebral activity to the activity observed in the cerebellum, the regional radioactivity (binding index) could be relatively quantified. Highest brain uptake was noted in the frontocortical brain areas (right: 1.85, left: 1.89), followed by the temporocortical region (right: 1.58, left: 1.56). Least uptake was noted in the more caudal and middle brain regions [occipito- (right: 1.46, left: 1.41), parietocortical (right: 1.30, left: 1.26), and striatal region (1.19)]. No gender nor age influence was noted in this series. The 123I labeled serotonin-2A receptor ligand seems to have similar cortical binding in the normal canine brain, as shown in humans and other animal species. A frontocortical to occipitocortical (rostrocaudal) binding index gradient was identified within the dog, which has not been seen in imaging studies from humans and other animal species. The significance of these results will need further investigation. This normative data can be used to compare regional brain uptake of the 123I-radioligand to dogs with behavioral disorders related to the serotonergic system, in future studies.     

中能中蛋白水平下维生素A、D3对0～6周龄肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

采用3×3随机交叉试验设计,研究中能中蛋白水平下日粮VA、VD3对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响。1日龄AA肉仔鸡540只随机分为9组,每组3个重复,每重复20只鸡。3个VA添加水平为3000、6000、12000IU/kg;3个VD3添加水平为200、400、800IU/kg;0～3和4～6周龄基础日粮代谢能、粗蛋白水平分别为12.34MJ/kg,21%;12.76MJ/kg,19%。结果表明:①日粮VA水平对体增重、耗料量、料重比、存活率均无显著影响(P>0.05);②随VD3添加水平的增加,体增重、耗料量、存活率显著增加(P<0.05);③综合考虑生产性能和经济效益,认为0～3和4～6周龄肉仔鸡日粮VA添加量均以3000IU/kg较为适宜,VD3添加量均以800IU/kg较为适宜。     

Therapeutic Efficacy of Zinc Sulphate Used in Clustered Model Treatment in Alleviating Zinc Deficiency in Cattle and Its Effect on Hormones,Vitamins and Production Parameters

A survey was conducted in 10 districts of northern India. Significant deficiency of zinc was observed in soil, fodders and (cattle) serum samples. The animals showed typical signs of zinc deficiency, namely stiff gait, swelling of hocks and knees, subcutaneous fluid accumulation, rough coat, etc. of variable intensity. A clustered model therapeutic trial was conducted and zinc-deficient cattle were divided into three groups. Group A was provided with mineral mixture containing zinc sulphate. Group B was given mineral mixture without zinc sulphate and group C was given no mineral mixture. Significant improvement (p < 0.01) was observed in the haemoglobin (Hb), total white blood cells (WBC) and total erythrocyte count (TEC) levels at the 7th day of treatment in the animals of group A. Significant improvement in enzyme serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP) was observed in group A animals at the 7th day, while improvement in asparatate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and ceruloplasmin (Cp) was observed after 21 days of treatment. Regarding hormones, significant improvement was observed in thyroxine (T₃) and triiodothyronine (T₄), oestrogen and progesterone in group A animals within 14 days of treatment. The values of vitamin A showed a highly significant (p < 0.01) improvement within 7 days of treatment in group A animals and that of vitamin E on the 21 st day of treatment. The milk yield of lactating cattle and body weight of growing calves in group A showed highly significant (p < 0.01) increases at about 14 and 30 days, respectively. It is concluded that zinc sulphate supplementation is highly effective in alleviating zinc deficiency and improving various biochemical and production parameters in cattle. The clustered model treatment provides a better indicator of the most limiting element under field conditions where simultaneous deficiency of various minerals is prevalent.     

乙酸钠对油酸诱导的BRL-3A细胞脂肪变性的影响及机制分析

通过向油酸诱导的大鼠肝成纤维细胞(BRL-3A)脂肪变性模型中添加不同浓度(2、4、8 mmol·L^-1)的乙酸钠,探讨其对脂肪变性细胞模型脂代谢的调控机理及细胞损伤的修复作用。试验方法：1)用不同浓度的油酸(0、0.03、0.06、0.12、0.24、0.48) mmol·L^-1刺激BRL-3A细胞24 h后,分别检测细胞相对活力、总脂滴面积、三酰甘油(TG)含量、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)及丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)活性,建立脂肪变性细胞模型;2)向BRL-3A细胞中添加不同浓度的乙酸钠,通过流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率;3)用不同浓度的乙酸钠和0.12 mmol·L^-1油酸共同孵育BRL-3A细胞,试验分为4组,分别为油酸处理组、2 mmol·L^-1乙酸钠+油酸处理组、4 mmol·L^-1乙酸钠+油酸处理组和8 mmol·L^-1乙酸钠+油酸处理组,分别对细胞脂滴、TG含量、AST、ALT活性、AMPK信号通路蛋白以及脂代谢关键基因进行检测。结果显示:1)用0.12 mmol·L^-1油酸处理BRL-3A细胞24 h,成功建立BRL-3A细胞脂肪变性模型。2)不同浓度的乙酸钠对BRL-3A细胞凋亡率没有影响;3)4、8 mmol·L^-1乙酸钠处理脂肪变性细胞模型后,与油酸处理组相比,细胞总脂滴面积、每平方毫米脂滴数、TG含量、AST和ALT活性均显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)下降,P-AMPK表达水平显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)上升;脂合成代谢相关基因ACC、FAS以及SCD-1 mRNA表达水平均有一定程度下降;脂分解代谢相关基因CPT-1、CPT-2以及ACO mRNA表达水平均有一定程度上升。本研究表明,乙酸钠会通过AMPK通路激活脂分解代谢,减轻肝细胞脂质蓄积,并且对油酸诱导的BRL-3A细胞脂肪变性模型的损伤具有一定缓解作用。