地膜植棉喷灌技术研究

根据内陆干旱区的特点，为了充分发挥喷灌节水增产优势，本文提出地膜植棉喷灌技术、干播湿出及栽培配套措施。     

Test Method of Indoor Noise for Micro-surfacing Mix

Micro-surfacing mix has been wildly used in the pavement maintenance for its water proofing, anti-skidding and wear resistance. However, micro-surfacing pavement has higher noise than the common asphalt pavement and its noise can not be measured effectively and accurately. Therefore, the indoor noise test method of micro-surfacing mix based on wet track abrasion test was explored. The micro-surfacing mix specimens were used to imitate the micro-surfacing pavement. The wet track abrasion tester was used to provide the vehicle loads. The sound level meter was used to measure the noise between tire and pavement. Furthermore, the indoor noise of nine kinds of micro-surfacing mixes with different gradation was examined. The results show that the equivalent sound level in the second time period has good relationship with the surface texture depth by sad patch method. Then the test method and test procedure for the indoor noise of micro-surfacing mix based on wet track abrasion test were given. Finally, two micro-surfacing mixtures with different gradations were made to validate the test method. The results show that the evaluation method can effectively distinguish the difference of micro-surfacing mixes with different gradation and can supplement the mix design method of micro-surfacing mixes.     

2004-2011年中国主产省小麦蛋白质品质分析

 【目的】分析2004—2011年来中国主产区小麦蛋白质品质检测数据,探讨小麦蛋白质品质年度和地区间变化规律。【方法】对2004—2011年分别来自冀、鲁、豫、苏、皖5个小麦主产省的4 235份小麦样品的籽粒蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉淀值、稳定时间和最大拉伸阻力进行分析。【结果】2004—2011年,中国主产省小麦籽粒蛋白质含量和湿面筋含量平均值变化不大,沉淀值呈明显下降趋势,表明近年来小麦内在品质变差;不同主产省之间小麦蛋白质含量差异较大,呈明显北高南低和东高西低趋势。【结论】近年来片面追求高产已影响了中国小麦的整体品质,致使强筋麦产区小麦面筋强度降低、弱筋麦产区小麦面筋增加。应根据各地区的不同条件发展适合本地区的高产优质小麦品种。     

夏季采用湿帘通风系统的密闭式肉种鸡舍温热环境因子的变化

选择华南农业大学增城正大肉鸡发展中心的肉种鸡舍为研究对象,在夏季分别对该鸡舍的气温、气湿、风速等温热环境因子进行测定,用以评价该鸡舍采用的湿帘通风系统对鸡舍内温热环境因子的调节效果。结果表明,夏季采用湿帘通风系统的鸡舍平均舍温比舍外气温低3~4℃,相对湿度保持在80%左右;夏季采用湿帘通风系统可以有效地降低舍温,主要表现为前端降温效果明显,后部降温效果有所下降;中间比两侧的降温效果好。表明夏季采用湿帘通风系统对种鸡舍内的温热环境控制较好。     

Occurrence and berry production of Rubus chamaemorus L., Vaccinium oxycoccus L. & Vaccinium microcarpum Turcz. and Vaccinium vitis‐idaea L. on Swedish peatlands

During three consecutive years, 1978–1980, cloudberries (Rubus chamaemorus L.), cranberries (Vaccinium oxycoccus L. & Vaccinium microcarpum Turcz.) and lingonberries Vaccinium vitis‐idaea L.) growing wild in Swedish forests and mires were inventoried in the annual National Forest Survey. Both the coverage and fertility of these were estimated. Observations from 42 000 test sites (314 m² each) were processed according to geographical region, composition of tree and field layer, altitude and occurrence of draining ditches. Cloudberries cover 425 000 hectares or 1.5 % of the total investigated area (28.6 million hectares). The corresponding values for cranberries and lingonberries are 136000 hectares (0.5 %) and 1362000 ha (4.8%) respectively. Open mires have a greater degree of coverage by cloudberry and cranberry than wet forests on peat. The reverse situation is true for lingonberry. The total berry yield on peatland was estimated to 116.6 million kg (freshweight), distributed as 75.7 million kg cloudberries, 20.8 million kg cranberries and 20.1 million kg lingonberries. The corresponding production of lingonberries on mineral soils was 188.8 million kg. Both in wet forests and on mires, drained areas show lower berry production for the three species, with one exception. Lingonberries yielded better on drained mires. Productive stands of cloudberries and cranberries ought not to be drained for economic reasons.     

饮水中添加湿态发酵蛋白饲料提高奶牛产奶量试验

湿态发酵蛋白饲料是玉米经酵母发酵、提取酒精后,又经益生菌发酵、密封包装的产物,其可溶性好、易消化、易吸收、蛋白质含量高。通过对奶牛进行饲喂试验可知,奶牛日添加4kg该饲料,单产可提高2.18kg,每头牛日增利润2.03元,增产效果好,经济效益显著;另外,研究还发现,日添加4kg该饲料对乳成分无显著影响。     

猪粪干、湿法厌氧发酵过程中碳、氮的流失

试验以新鲜猪粪为发酵原料,研究湿法和干法两种不同厌氧发酵过程的碳、氮排放量。湿发酵和干发酵组发酵料液的总固体(TS)含量分别为8%和20%,发酵液pH为6.8~7.4,发酵温度为35℃,体积为1.2 L,周期为21 d。试验期间每天测产气量,每4天取发酵样,测其全氮含量和TS降解率。结果表明,湿法和干法发酵组的CH4总产气量分别为9114 mL和12537 mL;CO2的总产气量分别为251.90 mmol和343.67 mmol;TS降解率分别为52.5%和29%。湿发酵的碳流失率和全氮流失率极显著高于干发酵(P<0.05)。     

滴灌条件下杨树人工林土壤的水分运移

采用田间土壤剖面观测法,对北京永定河故道沙地上地表滴灌栽培的杨树人工林的土壤水分运移规律进行研究,在滴头流量恒定为4 L·h-1的条件下,试验和测定不同滴灌时长和停灌后土壤湿润锋的运移距离和土壤湿润体的形态.结果表明:土壤湿润锋随着滴灌时长的增加在垂直和水平方向上的运移距离逐渐增大,每增加1h滴灌时长,土壤湿润锋的垂直运移距离的增幅逐渐减小,水平运移距离的增幅则大小不一;在各时长滴灌停灌后,土壤湿润锋将继续在垂直方向和水平方向上运移1～3h,在垂直方向上的继续运移距离为2～10 cm,除在土壤最深处的水平继续运移距离明显较大外,在各土壤深处水平方向上的继续运移距离为1 ～ 10 cm;在持续滴灌1～6 h后,土壤湿润锋最终可以垂直运移到36 ～ 69 cm,水平运移到32～57 cm,持续滴灌3～4h后即可在0～40 cm土层内形成以滴头为圆心,半径30～ 40 cm的土壤湿润体;持续滴灌1～3h后土壤湿润体形态为逐渐增大的扁半椭球体,持续滴灌4～6h后土壤湿润体形态为逐渐增大的长半椭球体.     

The Impact of Hardwood Line-Planting on Tree and Amphibian Diversity in a Secondary Subtropical Wet Forest of Southeast Puerto Rico

The impact on tree and amphibian diversity of line-planting of tropical hardwoods—mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla × S. mahagoni) and mahoe (Hibiscus elatus)—was studied in a secondary subtropical wet forest of Puerto Rico. Common coqui (Eleutherodactylus coqui) and melodious coqui (E. wightmanae) are the most frequent frog species; forest coqui (E. portoricensis) is less abundant. Although relative abundance means were slightly greater in the undisturbed forest and during the wet season, differences were not statistically significant suggesting that line-planting did not significantly affect amphibian diversity. The line-planted areas had a slightly higher, but not statistically significant diversity, richness, and evenness of tree species than the unplanted forest. Multi-response permutation procedure (MRPP) showed statistically significant community composition differences between line-planting and control plot trees (T = ?5.89, A = .86; p < .001). But mean similarity among plots in both the line-planted and control plots was relatively low at less than 50% of shared species, indicating high diversity of vegetation in the overall forest area. Canopy cover by tree species greater than 3 cm in dbh was much higher in the undisturbed forest but this difference may be reduced as the young line-planted hardwoods mature. Forest enrichment through line-planting of valuable timber species in secondary subtropical wet forest does not significantly affect tree diversity.