利用三倍体胚乳遗传模型定位爆裂玉米膨爆特性QTL

 【目的】探讨爆裂玉米膨爆特性的分子遗传基础，为遗传改良和分子标记辅助选择提供有益信息。【方法】以普通玉米自交系丹232和爆裂玉米自交系N04为亲本构建259个F2﹕3家系群体，利用SSR标记构建分子标记遗传图谱，利用三倍体胚乳遗传模型和区间作图法对F2﹕3群体在两种环境条件下的膨爆特性进行了QTL定位和效应分析。【结果】构建的爆裂玉米SSR遗传连锁图谱包含183个标记，覆盖玉米基因组1762.2 cM，标记间平均距离为9.63 cM。爆裂玉米的膨爆特性是由效应不等的多基因控制的数量性状，同时受环境条件的影响。两种环境条件下共检测到18个爆花率QTL，17个膨化体积QTL和21个膨化倍数QTL。单个QTL可解释的表型变异介于4.4%～28.0%，可解释的表型总变异为65.8%～96.6%，基因的作用方式为加性、部分显性、显性和超显性的QTL数目分别为2、1、4、20和1、5、1、22，超显性在膨爆特性的遗传中起着最重要的作用。【结论】与以往膨爆特性以加性效应遗传为主的研究结果不一致的主要原因在于三倍体胚乳模型对显性效应的细分和对显性效应较小QTL的显性效应的高估。     

水稻卷叶突变新基因的遗传分析和初步定位

利用60Co-γ射线辐照水稻优良恢复系南花6号,获得一个水稻新型卷叶突变材料,整个生育期叶片表现为向内卷曲。经遗传分析表明,该突变性状受一对隐性基因控制。利用突变体南花6号／籼稻品种DularF2君羊体中的141个卷叶单株进行基因定位,在双亲、卷叶和正常叶的DNA池中筛选N2个多态性标记RM285和RM342,并确定该基因位于水稻第9染色体长臂上,与前人报道的r19（f）相距54．7cM,是一个未曾报道的基因,暂时命名为r113（t）。利用SSR标记将该基因定位于第9染色体RM285和RM342之间,遗传距离分别为6．74cM和11．35cM。类似于r113（t）卷叶突变体表型未见报道,该研究结果对揭示卷叶机理及在株型改良应用中具有重要意义。     

水稻苗期耐冷性的QTL定位分析

为水稻苗期耐冷性QTL定位克隆研究提供实验素材,以213个IR24/Asominori重组自交家系(RIL)为作图群体,并以141个SSR标记构建的分子连锁图谱为基础,结合苗期低温处理后亲本和213个RILs的苗期死苗率,运用QTL IciMapping 4.0软件进行水稻苗期耐冷性QTL检测及其遗传效应分析。结果表明:在第6、第11和第12染色体上检测到3个苗期耐冷性QTL,分别命名为qCTS-6、qCTS-11和qCTS-12。这3个QTL的LOD值分别为3.194 3、4.688 2和3.797,对应表型变异的解释率分别为5.662 7%、8.549 6%和12.787 7%,且抗性等位基因均来自苗期耐冷亲本Asominori。     

猪TAF7基因的克隆、染色体定位和组织表达谱分析

 【目的】通过对猪TAF7基因初步的研究,为猪分子遗传育种提供基础分子生物学信息,为猪的遗传育种提供分子标记。【方法】以五指山猪为研究对象,克隆TAF7基因,分析该基因结构特点,然后利用IMpRH（the INRA-University of Minnesota porcine radiation hybrid,法国农业科学院-明尼苏达大学的辐射杂种克隆板）分析该基因在猪染色体上定位信息,利用半定量RT-PCR方法,分析该基因在成年五指山猪16个不同组织（心脏、背肌、淋巴、脾脏、肝脏、肾脏、肺脏、子宫、睾丸、胃、小肠、大肠、卵巢、胸腺、脑、脂肪）的表达谱信息。【结果】克隆得到长1 701 bp的五指山猪TAF7基因序列,其中包括1 050 bp完整CDS（Coding Sequence,编码序列）区域,分析表明其编码含349个氨基酸的蛋白质。利用IMpRH分析结果表明,猪TAF7基因与分子标记SW1879和IL4（interleukin-4,白细胞介素-4）紧密连锁,LOD（Limit of Detection,检测极限）值分别为6.69和6.15。组织表达谱分析结果显示该基因在大多数组织中均有表达,其中在睾丸表达量较高,而在心脏、背肌中表达很低。【结论】猪TAF7基因5’UTR中有一个短的内含子,而在该基因CDS区域没有内含子。猪TAF7蛋白序列与人TAF7蛋白序列的相似性较高,二者在生物系统发育树中的距离最接近。猪TAF7基因在大多数组织中均表达,在猪睾丸中表达量较高,证实它调节目的基因转录具有广泛性。     

Mining Applicable Elite Alleles of Growth Duration, Plant Height and Panicle Number per Plant by Conditional QTL Mapping in Japonica Rice

Unconditional and conditional QTL mapping were conducted for growth duration (GD), plant height (PH) and effective panicle number per plant (PN) using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between two japonica rice varieties Xiushui 79 and C Bao. The RIL population consisted of 254 lines was planted in two environments, Nanjing and Sihong, Jiangsu Province, China. Results showed that additive effects were major in all of QTLs for GD, PH and PN detected by the two methods, and the e...     

基于不同地表曲面模型预测土壤有机碳含量

Local terrain attributes,which are derived directly from the digital elevation model,have been widely applied in digital soil mapping.This study aimed to evaluate the mapping accuracy of soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration in 2 zones of the Heihe River in China,by combining prediction methods with local terrain attributes derived from different polynomial models.The prediction accuracy was used as a benchmark for those who may be more concerned with how accurately the variability of soil properties is modeled in practice,rather than how morphometric variables and their geomorphologic interpretations are understood and calculated.In this study,2 neighborhood types (square and circular) and 6 representative algorithms (Evans-Young,Horn,Zevenbergen-Thorne,Shary,Shi,and Florinsky algorithms) were applied.In general,35 combinations of first-and second-order derivatives were produced as candidate predictors for soil mapping using two mapping methods (i.e.,kriging with an external drift and geographically weighted regression).The results showed that appropriate local terrain attribute algorithms could better capture the spatial variation of SOC concentration in a region where soil properties are strongly influenced by the topography.Among the different combinations of first-and second-order derivatives used,there was a best combination with a more accurate estimate.For different prediction methods,the relative improvement in the two zones varied between 0.30％ and 9.68％.The SOC maps resulting from the higher-order algorithms (Zevenbergen-Thorne and Florinsky) yielded less interpolation errors.Therefore,it was concluded that the performance of predictive methods,which incorporated auxiliary variables,could be improved by attempting different terrain analysis algorithms.     

Revisiting two sympatric European seahorse species: apparent decline in the absence of exploitation

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Validation of the QTL on SSC4 for meat and carcass quality traits in a commercial crossbred pig population

Porcine chromosome 4 harbours many quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting meat quality, fatness and carcass composition traits, detected in resource pig populations previously. However, prior to selection in commercial breeds, QTL identified in an intercross between divergent breeds require confirmation, so that they can be segregated. Consequently, the objective of this study was to validate several QTL on porcine chromosome 4 responsible for meat and carcass quality traits. The experimental population consisted of 14 crossbred paternal half-sib families. The region of investigation was the q arm of SSC4 flanked by the markers S0073 and S0813. Regression analysis resulted in the validation of three QTL within the interval: Minolta a * loin, back fat thickness and the weight of trimmed ham. The results were additionally confirmed by factor analysis. Candidate genes were proposed for meat colour, which was the most evident QTL validated in this study.     

Measuring Mass Flow by Bounce Plate for Yield Mapping of Potatoes

There are reports about measuring mass flow in potato harvesters by X-ray with two wave lengths sources, by load cells in conveyors and by optical surveying with image analysis. In mechanics, an impulse is defined as the integral of force over time. If one succeeds in producing a constant velocity difference in the mass flow of potatoes, then there exists a directly proportional correlation between the integral force and the mass flow. A constant speed difference can be produced when the potatoes hit a plate on which the potatoes bounce almost vertically in the discharge trajectory of a conveyor belt. Under laboratory conditions, a rubber coated plate with a force measuring instrument was placed in different positions in the discharge trajectory of a conveyor belt running at 3 different speeds. For simulation of mass flow in steps of about 1 kg up to 40 kg, different masses of potatoes were placed on the conveyor belt. For additional simulation of vibrations in a potato harvester, the measurement device was moved horizontally, at five different frequencies and four amplitudes. The results showed a clear linear relationship between mass flow and force. For many parameter combinations, the quality of fit was more than 0.99 and, in some cases, standard error was less than 0.083 kg s^–1. The results indicated that a bounce plate provides a basis for measurement in potato harvesters for yield mapping.     

基于植被覆盖率的农村居民点整理潜力估算及实证

为合理估算农村居民点整理潜力,该文提出基于植被覆盖率的农村居民点整理潜力测算新思路。借助植被覆盖率对农村居民点斑块进行分类,通过分析抽样农村居民点斑块的植被覆盖与内部用地结构得到整理潜力修正系数,从而建立基于植被覆盖率修正的农村居民点整理潜力估算模型,并以北京市门头沟区为例展开实证研究。研究结果表明,门头沟区无整理潜力的农村居民点占大多数,具有整理潜力的农村居民点主要集中在经济相对落后的乡镇,并且这部分农村居民点多远离主干道;山区具有中、高整理潜力的农村居民点略多于平原、浅山区,而低整理潜力的农村居民点明显多于平原、浅山区;门头沟区规划整理的农村居民点内部包含有大量农用地,其中建设用地比例只占63.19%～71.54%,但是,第二次土地调查将整个农村居民点都作为建设用地调绘;因而,一些不考虑植被覆盖修正的农村居民点整理潜力测算方法夸大了整理潜力,放大了城乡建设用地增减挂钩的效果。该文为进一步合理估算农村居民点整理理论潜力提供参考。