山东地区茶用元宝枫品系的比较与筛选

以山东地区种植的一批元宝枫为试材,采用酶分解法提取其叶片中的绿原酸,比较含量差异,为在山东地区筛选优质的茶用元宝枫品系提供了重要的理论依据。分析的结果表明:供试元宝枫材料,叶片形态差异显著,08号无性系叶片形态最大,叶长8.80cm,叶宽12.20 cm,叶面积为44.1762 cm2;裂长变化范围为4.34 cm～6.70 cm,叶基角均小于180°。叶片性状的变异系数最大的是叶柄长,变异系数为9.23%。元宝枫叶绿原酸含量区间:27.5391～32.3208 mg·g^-1,平均含量为29.2460mg·g^-1,10组无性系中绿原酸的含量高低排序结果为,01号>08号>05号>07号>10号>06号>02号>04号>09号>03号。元宝枫的叶宽与绿原酸含量的相关系数是0.550*,表明根据叶宽的长度,可简单推测出其中绿原酸含量的高低,叶宽值越大,绿原酸含量越高,反之,绿原酸含量越高。综上分析,挑选出了08号和01号无性系作为叶茶使用的优质种质资源。     

Variation in Leaf Shapes of Nitraria Species and Effect on Leaf δ13C

Leaf shapes are not only the useful indicators in plant taxonomy,but also the important factors affecting energy and material exchange in leaves.In this paper,we collected and scanned the leaves of Nitraria tangutorum in Dengkou of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region（the mean annual precipitation 145 mm） and Minqin of Gansu Province （the mean annual precipitation 115 mm） and N. sphaerocarpa in Dunhuang,and then analyzed leaf shape parameters with Image - Pro Plus6.0 image processing software and leafδ¹³C values in the isotope laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Forestry.The result showed that:1) as leaf area increased with increasing water availability the increases in the leaf length and width were asynchronously;2) with the same leaf width,the 1 eaves of N.tangutorum and N.sphaerocarpa were significantly longer in high water available conditions;and 3) although there were significantly differences in water availability between Dengkou and Minqin,as well as between the bottom and middle of the alluvial fan near the East Lake in Dunhuang,the leafδ¹³C values of N.tangutorum or N.sphaerocarpa were similar in different water conditions（P>0.05）.Our results suggested that the ratio of leaf perimeter to area would be an important factor which linked leaf shape to plant water physiology.During growing procedure of leaf area,leaf length increase was prior to its width to alleviate the reduction in ratio of perimeter to area and maintain water use efficiency of the plant.     

沙地柏抗旱性的研究

对沙地柏（Sabina vulgaris Ant.）的抗旱特性及形态解剖特征进行了研究测试,发现沙地柏叶片小,大部分退化为磷片状,气孔少且凹陷,栅状组织发达,无海绵组织,角质层厚,机械组织强化。且具有束缚水与自由水值高、其子叶内水势低、蒸腾速率低等抗旱性强的特点,是一种优良的固沙树种。     

苏柳932等5个柳树优良无性系幼林生长及干形的初步研究

为进一步了解柳树优良无性系的生长特点,为无性系的合理利用提供依据,对苏柳932,799,795,797和172等5个柳树优良无性系2年生幼林的树高、胸径、材积等生长指标以及生物量和形率进行了测定分析。结果表明,苏柳5个无性系的胸径平均值为4．28cm,其中苏柳172的平均胸径最大（4．71cm）;树高平均值为6．97m,其中苏柳795平均树高最高（7．75m）。苏柳795的形率qo．5、q0．7值分别为0．68,0．44,是各无性系中形率的最高值,主干生物量占单株地上部分总生物量的比例最高（76．02％）,出材率高,是优良的用材林树种;而苏柳932的总生物量最高,为12．35kg／株,枝量、叶量占总生物量的比例最大,为42．0％,14．4％,属于防风防浪和生物能源林的造林良种。     

Effect of particle shape on linear expansion of particleboard

Hinoki (Japanese cypress) strand with 0.6mm thickness was hammer-milled to prepare three types of particles that had the same thickness but different lengths and widths. Screen analysis and image analysis were conducted to evaluate the shape and distribution of the particle dimensions. Laboratory-scale particleboards were fabricated at three density levels using these particles. To determine the true effect of particle shape on the linear expansion (LE) of the board, these boards exhibited almost the same temperature behavior during pressing, the same density profile, and the same bending properties at each board density level. LE at 40°C and 90% relative humidity of the board was found to be affected by the particle shape. The board composed of small particles showed a larger LE at the same density level. It was considered that the out-of-plane orientation angle of the particles affected the LE of the boards. Thickness swelling and internal bond strength were also affected by the particle shape.Part of this report was presented at the 50th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kyoto, April 2000     

60Co-γ射线辐射对油茶植株生长量及果实形态的影响*

采用60Co-γ射线对岑软2号、岑软3号、岑软11号3个普通油茶（Camellia oleifera）无性系种子进行0、1000、2000、3000 rad剂量辐射处理,对连州1号普通油茶优树种子进行0、1000、2000 rad剂量辐射处理,研究辐射对成年油茶植株树高和冠幅、果产量、果实形态等指标的影响。结果表明：4种油茶经60Co-γ辐射处理后,树高、冠幅间无显著差异,且单株均能正常生长;平均单株果产量随年份呈现明显的大小年变化,岑软2号、岑软3号在2014年辐射组平均单株果产量较CK有明显提高,岑软11号的年平均单株果产量在0~3000 rad剂量范围内随辐射剂量的增加而下降;3000 r辐射使岑软11号油茶果实纵横经减小,其他辐射组岑软11号果实纵、横径生长均有不同程度的增长;岑软2号在1000 r辐射下果皮变薄,岑软11号在3000 r辐射下果皮变薄而种皮厚度变化不明显,不同辐射组间岑软3号和连州1号果皮及种皮厚度没有显著变化。     

喷气网带式薄木干燥机的研制

为了满足较大规模刨切薄木、胶合板加工等生产企业对薄木干燥的需要,自行研制了BG1642-16型喷气网带式薄木干燥机。该机采用先进高效的混流式热风循环系统及S形网带,可有效地提高薄木干燥质量,节约能源,该机与国内同类产品相比可提高工作效率40%,节能30%。     

木材抓具爪形理论的研究

首先对我国木材抓具中的三种基本爪形,即近似横椭圆爪形、近似圆爪形和近似竖椭圆爪形,进行了理论分析。然后借助于电测技术,在密实楞抓取的工况下,测试了木材抓具爪形对抓具抓取性能的影响、测试指标有抓取力、抓取量、单位抓取力和抓取过程中的“卡死”次数。结果表明,不论从力学角度还是从抓取性能实测结果来看,近似横椭圆爪形性能较好,圆爪形次之,近似竖椭圆爪形性能最差。     

Shape and distribution of knots in a sample of picea abies logs

In an attempt to develop a better understanding of the effect of knottiness on the yield of logs for sawn timber products, the present study examines the position and geometrical characteristics of 429 knots found in seven Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) middle logs from southern Finland. The raw data used in this study were in the form of coordinates of points located on the knot surface recorded in a cylindrical (R, L, T) reference frame. The data were smoothed using a non linear three‐dimensional model. A curvature analysis of the knot pith was used to differentiate the curved and straight portions of the knots. This analysis made possible calculation of knot angles, symmetry, ovality and volume. The major finding of this study is the uneven distribution of knots around the log circumference. Nearly 50% of the total knot volume was concentrated in one‐third of the log facing the south‐east. Knots were also more prominent in higher portions of the logs studied. These observations support the argument that the uneven distribution of knots offers potential for improving the grade yield of timber sawn from trees harvested in high‐latitude countries.