New monoterpene glycosides from Paeonia lactiflora

Three new monoterpene glycosides named 4-O-methyl-paeoniflorin (1), isopaeoniflorin (2), and isobenzoylpaeoniflorin (3), together with two known monoterpene glycosides, paeoniflorin (4) and benzoylpaeoniflorin (5), were isolated from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora. Their structures were established on the basis of spectral and chemical evidence.     

A new flavonoid from the aerial part of Thalictrum atriplex

A new flavone glycoside, identified as kaempferol 3-O-[3′″-acetyl-α- -arabinopyranosyl-(1′″–6″)]-β- -glucopyranoside (1), has been isolated from the aerial part of Thalictrum atriplex.     

Effects of tripterygium glycosides combined with dexamethasone on TLRs/NF-κB signaling pathway in EAE rats

AIM: To investigate the role of TLRs/NF-κB pathway in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) rats treated with tripterygium glycosides (TG) + dexamethasone (DX). METHODS: Lewis rats were used in the study and divided into control group, EAE model group, therapy 1 group (EAE rats treated with DX) and therapy 2 group (EAE rats treated with DX+TG). The mean clinical score of the rats was determined. The expression of TLR4 and TLR9 at mRNA and protein levels was detected by the methods of real-time quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. The protein level of NF-κB p65 was also measured. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were assayed by ELISA. RESULTS: The mean clinical scores at 5th, 16th and 20th day were lower in therapy 1 group and therapy 2 group than that in EAE model group. The mean clinical score in therapy 2 group was even lower than that in therapy 1 group. At the 16th day (the peaking period), the mRNA expression of TLR4 and TLR9 in therapy 1 group and therapy 2 group were obviously lower than that in EAE model group. The protein levels of TLR4, TLR9 and NF-κB p65 were also significantly lower in therapy 1 group and therapy 2 group than those in EAE model group at peak stage of EAE. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were lower in therapy1 group and therapy2 group than those in EAE model group. The significant differences of the mean clinical score, the mRNA expression of TLR4 and TLR9, the positive ratio of NF-κB p65 and the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 between therapy 1 group and therapy 2 group were found. The result of orthogonal factorial analysis of variance indicated that the difference of therapeutic effect between DX and DX+TG was significant (F=75.749, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The TLRs/NF-κB pathway takes part in the pathological process of EAE. TG combined with DX alleviates the symptoms of EAE by suppressing inflammatory and immunological reactions of EAE.     

栽培乌拉尔甘草根中黄酮类和皂甙类化合物的提取与分析

采用冷浸乙醇提取法对兰州人工引种栽培的6年生乌拉尔甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis根中的总黄酮和总皂甙类化合物进行了提取分离,并且采用重量法和3种紫外-可见分光光度法对乌拉尔甘草根中总黄酮含量进行了测定和比较分析。结果表明,3种分光光度测定方法中,黄酮含量以直接测定法为最高,硝酸铝显色法次之,氯化铝显色法最低,直接测定法测定样品中的黄酮含量因不受显色剂干扰,测定结果相对更为准确可靠。人工栽培乌拉尔甘草相对野生甘草有效成分的含量较低,但仍可作为野生药用甘草的替代品。     

冬凌草化学成分研究

对唇形科香茶菜属植物冬凌草进行化学成分研究,从其中分得7个化合物,经理化和波谱方法分别鉴定为:双冬凌草丁素(Ⅰ),(10Z,14Z)-9,16-二羰基-10,12,14-三烯-十八碳酸(Ⅱ),2′-乙酰氨基-3′-苯基丙基2-苯甲酰氨基-3-苯基丙酸酯(Ⅲ),α-香树脂醇(Ⅳ),β-香树脂醇(Ⅴ),2β-羟基齐墩酸(Ⅵ),2α-羟基乌索酸(Ⅶ)。其中化合物Ⅰ为一个新的对映-贝壳杉烷二萜二聚体,Ⅱ为新的高度不饱和脂肪酸,化合物Ⅲ和Ⅵ为首次从该属植物中得到,化合物Ⅴ为首次从该植物中得到。     

不同茯苓菌株生物学特性和菌核主要成分比较

对6株茯苓(Poria cocos)菌株的菌丝生长速率、菌核产量、菌核中多糖和三萜含量以及菌株间亲和性进行比较.结果表明:供试菌株中,8号菌株的菌丝生长速率等生物学特性均显著优于其它茯苓菌株.该菌株在PDA培养基上的菌丝生长速率为2.10 cm/d;采用松树兜法栽培茯苓,该菌株的菌核产量达到每兜4.76 kg;菌核中还原糖含量为0.43％,总糖含量为7.37％,三萜含量为0.74％;拮抗试验表明6株茯苓菌株之间存在拮抗作用,说明茯苓菌株体细胞亲合基因间存在差异.     

苜蓿总甙对肉仔鸡抗氧化性能的影响

试验选择健康1日龄商品代AA肉鸡96只，随机分成试验组Ⅰ、Ⅱ和对照组，每组4个重复，每个重复8只，试验期49 d。1～21日龄阶段，试验组Ⅰ、Ⅱ均饲喂基础日粮＋0.1%苜蓿总甙；22～35日龄和36～49日龄阶段，试验组Ⅰ饲喂基础日粮＋0.1%苜蓿总甙，试验组Ⅱ饲喂基础日粮＋0.2%苜蓿总甙。试验结果如下：①添加苜蓿总甙除22～35日龄试验组Ⅰ肉仔鸡采食量有显著差异(P<0.05)外，其他各试验组各阶段生长性能差异均不显著（P>0.05）。②添加苜蓿总甙对不同日龄仔鸡血清和肝脏GSH-Px、SOD和MDA水平有不同程度地影响。     

Crop Productivity,Steviol Glycoside Yield,Nutrient Concentration and Uptake of Stevia rebaudiana Bert. under Mediterranean Field Conditions

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (Asteraceae Family), characterized by a high content of steviol glycosides (SG) in its leaves, represents an interesting source of non-sucrose and no-calorie sweeteners. Stevia, which is native to Paraguay, is a relatively new crop for the Mediterranean region, where it is grown as an annual or poly-annual crop. In order to assess the crop’s environmental requirements, productive performance and nutrient uptakes, a two-year field experiment was carried out in north-eastern Italy, where the species had never previously been cultivated. The aim was to evaluate the effects of important pre-harvest factors, such as cultivation site, harvest time and their reciprocal interaction, on productivity, leaf SG yield and nutrient requirements. Results showed that the timing of the harvest and the pedo-climatic conditions of the cultivation sites had a significant effect on the main biometric traits, total and leaf dry yield, SG production, macronutrient concentration and uptake.     

Flavonoids from Acalypha indica

Four known kaempferol glycosides, mauritianin, clitorin, nicotiflorin and biorobin, have been isolated from the flowers and leaves of Acalypha indica. Some formerly published NMR data were corrected.     

Monoterpenoid inhibitors of NO production from Paeonia suffruticosa

Three pairs of monoterpene glycosides (1–6), of which compounds 1, 3, and 4 as new compounds, together with one new monoterpene (7) were obtained from the ethanol extract of Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews. Their structures were determined on the basis of chemical methods and spectral data. On this basis, the spectral characteristics of three pairs of monoterpene glycosides were also discussed. The inhibitory effects of isolated compounds on nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages were evaluated, and NO production was suppressed significantly by compounds 4–7.