热应激绍兴鸭不同组织HSP70基因mRNA表达研究

研究蛋鸭热应激条件下不同组织中热休克蛋白70(HSP70)基因mRNA表达规律,为揭示蛋鸭热应激反应机理提供参考。60只绍兴蛋鸭25℃饲养20d,其中30只进行40℃热应激处理1h,采取荧光定量PCR方法分别测定不同组织中HSP70mRNA的表达水平。试验组与对照组相比,肝脏、脾脏和胰腺组织HSP70mRNA表达差异不显著,其他6种组织HSP70基因表达量均有不同程度的增加,试验组心脏、腿肌、垂体、下丘脑、胸肌、肾脏中HSP70基因表达量分别高于对照组3.6倍、2.8倍、2.7倍、2.4倍、2.2倍和1.57倍。     

Lactate Kinetics in veterinary Critical Care: A Review

Elevation in blood lactate concentration, with or without accompanying metabolic acidosis, is a hallmark finding in patients with circulatory compromise, and is also consistently noted in other conditions affecting critically ill or injured individuals. Little is reported in a veterinary literature regarding lactate measurement in the emergency and critical care setting, despite impressive reports of the clinical usefulness of lactate measurement in people. The purpose of this article is to review lactate kinetics and the clinical utility of lactate measurement. Limitations to lactate evaluation will also be discussed.     

Effect of thermal stress on Hsp70 gene expression and female reproductive performance of giant freshwater prawn,Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Using Hsp70 as a biomarker, thermal stress impinges on reproductive organs, ovary and hepatopancreas were being analyzed by determining the expression of Hsp70 mRNA inside the organs after the adult inter‐molt females were subjected to thermal treatment at 35, 30 and 28°C (Control). Results showed the expression of Hsp70 mRNA under thermal treatment of 35°C after 2 hr recovery in ovary were upregulated at 2, 4, 6, 12, 24 hr and 30 days compared to control whereas in hepatopancreas under similar treatment, the expression of Hsp70 mRNA were significantly higher than control at 6, 24 hr and 30 days. Frequency of reproductive molt at 35°C showed the ovary of females were failed to develop and only entered common molt along three consecutive molt cycles. For 30°C thermal treatment, the expression of Hsp70 mRNA was significantly higher than control after 2 hr recovery but returned to normal afterwards until 30 days’ thermal treatment. Maternal heat shock for 2 hr at 35°C were found to give significantly lower frequency of reproductive molt and longer duration of ovarian development and incubation period whereas maternal heat shock for 2 hr at 30°C gave lower frequency of reproductive molt, slower development of embryo and lower hatching success compared to untreated control. This study suggests that short and long‐term thermal stress at 30 and 35°C were found to affect the induction of Hsp70 mRNA in reproductive organs of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and also influence their reproductive performance.     

杂交水稻制种母本机械化育插秧技术

介绍了杂交水稻制种母本机械化育插秧技术,主要包括调整好父母本播差期、母本软盘育秧要点、适时机插、合理运筹肥水等.     

Induction of meiotic gynogenesis in bagrid catfish (Pseudobagrus ussuriensis) with homologous sperm and its confirmation for female homogamety

The bagrid catfish, Pseudobagrus ussuriensis, exhibits significant sexual dimorphism in growth rate and body size with males growing faster than females. Therefore, an all‐male culture can dramatically increase the output and profitability of fishery products. According to the monosex breeding route, super‐male individuals’ acquirement by XY male sex reversal and artificial gynogenesis is the key step. An effective protocol to induce meiotic gynogenesis using homologous sperms has been developed in this study. The most effective UV irradiation for sperm genetic inactivation was found to be at a distance of 20 cm with 66 μW/cm² light intensity for 25 min. Optimal treatment for cold shock was 5 min post‐fertilization at 0‐4°C for 30 min, which gave the best survival rate of 13.65 ± 2.87%. The sex ratio in the meiotic gynogens showed a significant female‐biased deviation (p < .05); thirty meiogynogens and their parents were further analysed using a male‐specific AFLP marker, of which only the male parent produced a male‐specific DNA band of 412 bp. These results indicated the female homogametic XX/XY sex determination system in P. ussuriensis. The optimization of a protocol for the successful induction of meiogynogenesis in the bagrid catfish lays the basis for all‐male production and is useful in ascertaining the genetic sex determination system in this promising aquaculture species.     

热激处理对番茄幼苗抗冷性的影响

试验以"月光"番茄为试材,研究了热激处理对番茄幼苗抗冷性的影响。结果表明,番茄幼苗经过44℃、2h的热激处理后其抗冷性明显增加。热激处理提高了番茄幼苗叶片内的可溶性蛋白质含量,使幼苗在经低温伤害后其可溶性蛋白质含量仍保持一个较高的水平。经过热激处理的幼苗在经受低温伤害时其相对电导率和丙二醛含量显著低于对照。     

热休克蛋白在冷应激引起的炎症反应和氧化应激中的调节作用

冬季持续低温引起的冷应激是降低北方畜牧业经济效益和动物福利的重要因素,可诱导动物产生炎症反应和氧化应激危害机体健康。热休克蛋白作为体内重要的分子伴侣蛋白,在维持机体内环境稳态、帮助动物抵抗应激方面有重要作用,低温环境可激活热休克蛋白快速产生,以此在细胞内外对免疫和抗氧化系统发挥重要调节作用：在胞外,具有保护细胞、参与调节免疫细胞功能、激发免疫反应和提高抗氧化酶活性等作用;在胞内,可抑制NF-κB信号通路保护机体免受炎症损伤,上调Nrf2信号通路提高机体抗氧化功能,缓解冷应激对机体造成的负面影响。本文总结了国内外关于在冷应激状态下热休克蛋白对机体免疫和抗氧化功能的调节作用及其机制,并给出部分提高热休克蛋白表达水平的方法,以期为后续畜禽的冷应激理论研究提供参考。     

水田侧深施肥装置的分析与试验

水稻插秧时,均匀、定位、定量及可靠施肥是保证秧苗均匀吸收肥料、均匀生长的必要因素,侧深施肥技术的应用给出了水稻生产过程中科学合理的施肥方法,以上问题有了明显改善,但水田机械施肥时肥料易受潮粘结堵塞带来了新的难题。为此,设计了一种电动螺旋施肥装置,并对该技术的优越性进行了分析。该装置通过控制器来调节直流电机转速,驱动软轴强制排肥,不但实现了施肥量的无极调节,且传动简单节省了空间,解决了水稻插秧侧深施肥过程中肥料受潮粘结堵塞开沟器的问题,提高了肥料排施作业质量和效果。样机试验表明:该机具有施肥均匀、性能先进及安全可靠等特点。该项新技术及装置技术关键突破后,解决了水稻插秧侧深施肥作业堵塞问题,可为水稻插秧侧深施肥技术的研究提供参考。     

增苗节氮对早稻抛秧群体生物学特性及产量的影响

本研究在大田裂区试验下比较了3个氮肥水平[N1:105 kg·hm·2(节氮)、N2:135 kg·hm·2(节氮)、N3:165 kg·hm·2(常氮)]和3个抛秧密度[M1:27万穴·hm·2(常苗)、M2:31.5万穴·hm·2(增苗)、M3:36万穴·hm·2(增苗)]对‘湘早籼45号’抛秧群体生物学特性和产量的影响。结果表明:增苗节氮处理(N2M3)为产量最高的组合。株高、生育期受氮肥影响较大,密度影响不显著,N1比N3和N2的生育期分别延长7.0 d和3.4 d;氮肥、密度的增加对分蘖表现为相反的趋势,总体表现为茎蘖数随施氮量增加而增加,随密度增加而减少。通过对氮肥、密度与产量间进行二次多项式回归分析可知,产量最大值点Y=8.60 t·hm·2,对应施氮量为X1=127.5 kg·hm·2,密度为X2=48.0万穴·hm·2,其比常氮(165 kg·hm·2)节省氮肥22.7%。表明早稻抛秧可以通过增苗来弥补节氮所带来的产量损失,早稻施氮量和抛秧密度搭配时应该以"增苗节氮"为原则。最佳施氮量在127.5~135 kg·hm·2,最佳抛秧密度在36~48万穴·hm·2。综上所述,双季抛秧的季节性矛盾能通过早稻"增苗节氮"来解决,有利于减少环境污染,延缓农业生态系统水体富营养化。