关于进一步发展蛟河市旅游业的思考

近年来，蛟河市森林旅游发展快，形势育人，特别是１９９５年成立拉法山国家森林公园以来，根据当地特点，在旅游开发、在旅游开发、促销、接待旅游团体等方面下了很大功夫，建立了有特色的民俗村、渡假村等，已基本形成了四大景区十个景点，总投资额达５６００多万元，从业人员达２８００多人，总产值达１２０００多万元。     

Intercepted Scolytidae (Coleoptera) at U.S. ports of Entry: 1985–2000

Since 1985, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service has maintained the 'Port Information Network' (PIN) database for plant pests intercepted at the U.S. ports of entry. As of August 2001, PIN contained 6825 records of beetles (Coleoptera) in the family Scolytidae that had been intercepted during the years 1985–2000 from countries outside of North America. Of the 6825 scolytid interceptions, 2740 (40%) were identified to the species level, 2336 (34%) to only the genus level, and 1749 (26%) were identified to only the family level. Of the 49 identified scolytid genera, the 10 most common were Hypothenemus (821 interceptions), Pityogenes (662), Ips (544), Coccotrypes (520), Orthotomicus (461), Hylurgops (327), Hylurgus (266), Tomicus (194), Dryocoetes (166), and Hylastes (142). The 10 most common identified species were Pityogenes chalcographus (565 interceptions), Orthotomicus erosus (385), Hylurgops palliatus (295), Ips typographus (286), Hylurgus ligniperda (217), Ips sexdentatus (157), Tomicus piniperda (155), Hylastes ater (75), Hypothenemus hampei (62), and Polygraphus poligraphus (48). Of these 10 species, H. palliatus, H. ligniperda, and T. piniperda are known to be established in the continental U.S. The scolytids were intercepted from 117 different countries; the top 12 countries were Italy (1090 interceptions), Germany (756), Spain (457), Mexico (425), Jamaica (398), Belgium (352), France (261), China (255), Russia (247), India (224), U.K. (151), and Portugal (150). The scolytids were intercepted in 35 U.S. states and 97 port cities. In general, there was a positive relationship between the number of scolytid interceptions from individual countries and the value of the imports from those countries. Overall, 73% of the scolytids were found in solid wood packing materials, 22% in food or plants, and 5% in other or unspecified materials. The products most commonly associated with scolytid-infested wood packing materials were tiles, marble, machinery, steel, parts, ironware, granite, aluminum, slate, and iron. The food products and plants that were commonly infested with scolytids included nutmeg, palms, coffee beans, kola nuts, and macadamia nuts.     

科学用药 规避风险 确保我国水产品出口贸易健康发展－－日本水产养殖用药规定解析

2006年11月22日,日本发布实施了《水产养殖用药第20号通报》(以下简称"第20号通报"),对水产养殖用药种类、有效成分、适用对象、适应病症、用法、用量、休药期等有关规定进行了调整。"第20号通报"是目前日本指导本国水产养殖者安全用药的准则。介绍了日本水产养殖管理体系、对"第20号通报"的内容进行了解析,并就如何规避风险、确保我国水产品进出口贸易健康发展提出了建议。     

Effects of phytosterol ester on aortic aging and expression of related genes in rats

AIM: To explore the protective effect of phytosterol ester (PSE) on aortic aging in rats. METHODS: The female SD rats (12 months old, n=42) were randomly divided into control group, model group and PSE group. During the experiment, the rats in control group, model group and PSE group were treated with basic feed, high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD with 2% PSE (W/W) for 6 months, respectively. The morphological changes of the aorta were observed by HE staining and Masson staining, and the absolute area of smooth muscle cells and collagen fiber in the vascular wall were measured by image analysis. The levels of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the plasma were detected. The expression of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) at mRNA and protein levels in the vascular tissue was determined by real time PCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS: PSE significantly lowered plasma TC and LDL-C, and increased plasma HDL-C level (P<0.05), but had no effect on plasma TG level. PSE significantly attenuated the thickening of intima and media of aging aortic, and decreased the migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and the amount of VSMC and collagen fiber in the aorta (P<0.05). PSE significantly reduced the contents of AGEs and MDA (P<0.05), but had no effect on the activity of SOD and CAT in the plasma. PSE also down-regulated the expression of PPARγ and up-regulated the expression of SIRT1 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: PSE is able to attenuate the senescence process in the aorta by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species in plasma, and activating SIRT1, or inhibiting the expression of PPARγ in vascular tissues.     

Quantitative fluorescence PCR for rapid prenatal diagnosis of common chromosome aneuploidies

AIM:To evaluate the effectiveness of quantitative fluorescence PCR(QF-PCR) as a method for rapid prenatal diagnosis of common chromosome aneuploidyies. METHODS:Polymorphism information contents(PIC) of each short tandem repeat(STR) in 95 cases of amniotic fluid samples were detected by QF-PCR and the data were compared with the results of routine chromosome karyotype analysis. RESULTS:The results of QF-PCR included 63 normal samples and 14 trisomy 21, 4 trisomy 18, 3(45, X) and 8(47, XXX). The rapid QF-PCR assay was successful to detect all aneuploidies involving chromosomes 21, 18, 13, X and Y in prenatal diagnosis, which were verified by chromosome karyotype analysis. The results showed that the total coincidence rate between QF-PCR and routine chromosome karyotype analysis was 96.8%. CONCLUSION:The QF-PCR is a reliable method of detecting common chromosome aneuploidies for rapid prenatal diagnosis.     

Enigmatic hotspot of crayfish diversity at risk: Invasive potential of non‐indigenous crayfish if introduced to New Guinea

1. The large island of New Guinea has a rich indigenous astacofauna represented by numerous parastacids from the genus Cherax. The western half of the island is part of Indonesian territory.
2. Indonesia is known to be the main exporter of ornamental crayfish globally, and certain New Guinean species are exploited as ornamentals within the international pet trade. Moreover, one non‐indigenous species has been previously recorded being cultured in Java, Indonesia. This species, the North American Procambarus clarkii, is a vector of crayfish plague, the disease that is lethal to most parastacids. This population has already tested positive for the disease.
3. As the transport of non‐indigenous crayfish within the Indonesian territory is not restricted, their introduction to New Guinea can be expected. The Indonesian market was therefore surveyed for ornamental crayfish and their environmental suitability evaluated, as represented by temperature during the drought and rainy seasons in New Guinea.
4. Four North American and one Australian species were found advertised for sale. One of them, P. clarkii, was assessed as the most damaging species, followed by other North American species. A total ban on the culture and transport of the highest risk crayfish species in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea is recommended.

     

《中国医院知识仓库》期刊全文库检索功能存在的问题和改进建议

探讨和总结了《中国医院知识仓库》（CHKD）期刊全文数据库中存在的问题和不足,并对解决这些问题提出了具体的建议。

     

环境贸易壁垒内涵、特点及其突破对策

在国际贸易领域中环境贸易壁垒已经成为最典型的、对发展中国家影响最大的一种新的贸易保护主义措施,各国纷纷以保护环境为名行贸易保护之实.本文阐述了环境贸易壁垒的主要内容和形式,分析了环境贸易壁垒的主要特点以及环境贸易壁垒对贸易的影响,提出了突破环境贸易壁垒的对策建议.     

中国棕榈藤业的能力建设

阐述了中国棕榈藤业在国际贸易、组织机构、科研知识、种质资源收集保存和知识传播等方面的建设成绩,分析仍然存在的问题并提出增强产品设计和创新竞争力、稳定国际市场、开拓国内市场、建立棕榈藤种植补偿机制等建议。     

鄱阳湖典型湿地植被景观格局的时空变化分析

鄱阳湖是我国重要的湿地,对生态、水位控制、环境控制具有重要的调节作用.伴随着水位年际变化和季节变化剧烈,鄱阳湖湿地类型发生了显著变化,研究其景观格局变化对于正确认识鄱阳湖湿地生态系统演变,为湿地景观规划、湿地生态系统健康恢复具有重要参考意义。考虑到鄱阳湖湖相季节性变化巨大以及2003年前后三峡水利枢纽工程运行后水文情势发生重大变化,选取2003年前后平均水平年对应枯水期和丰水期遥感影像,采用遥感技术（RS）、地理信息技术（GIS）和景观生态学方法进行分析。结果表明,江湖关系发生重大变化后,鄱阳湖年平均水位由2002年之前的13.42 m（星子站吴淞高程）降至12.35 m,平均水位较前一阶段偏低0.45~2.25 m,枯水现象使得鄱阳湖水域面积明显缩小,湿地类型发生了较大变化。平均水位下降,适合植被生长的洲滩面积大幅增加,丰水期湿生植被面积增加了147.66 km2,枯水期增加了1192.43 km2,变化最大区域位于赣江支口与饶河交汇处的三角洲和赣江南支口的洲滩,消失的水面大多转换为湿生植物、挺水植物和泥滩等湿地类型。湿地类型的演变方式为水体和挺水植物演变为裸露泥滩,泥滩演变为湿生植被,湿生植被演变为其它湿地类型。2003年后除水体外湿地景观边界密度和聚集度指数呈现增大趋势,鄱阳湖景观格局整体上趋于复杂。鄱阳湖湿地景观格局变化受到“五河”来水减少、三峡工程蓄水和湿地地貌改变等自然因素和人为因素的双重影响。