薄盖灵芝菌粉主要成分分析及安全毒理学试验

推荐灵芝科另一种药用真菌———薄盖灵芝 ,其菌粉可视为一种保健食品新资源。分析结果表明 :薄盖灵芝菌粉的水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、总醣、粗纤维、还原糖和灰分的含量 ,两倍于灵芝和紫芝子实体含量 ;其十八种氨基酸总量为 10 34～ 10 4 7g/10 0g ;其脂肪酸构成上以油酸 ,亚油酸、亚麻酸等不饱和脂肪酸为主 ;急性及亚急性毒性试验结果表明 :薄盖灵芝菌粉口服安全无毒 ,无致突变作用 (遗传毒性 ) ,对小白鼠的半致死量大于 2 0g/kg ,属实际无毒级 ,对大白鼠的生长发育无不良影响。该菌可参照已知的药理作申报其保健功能。     

动物铅毒性研究进展

铅污染是个严重的社会公共卫生问题,本文综述了动物生产领域对铅的研究结果。内容包括:①动物生产中铅的来源。②铅在动物体内的吸收、分布和代谢。③铅对动物的危害及其机理。④铅与其他养分之间的关系。⑤饲料中铅的最大允许量。     

灭幼脲毒理学研究——Ⅴ.灭幼脲对东方粘虫蜕皮激素的影响

灭幼脲可影响东方粘虫蜕皮甾类滴度,并表现出如下特点:(1)强烈抑制末龄幼虫血淋巴蜕皮甾类滴度峰,并存在一定的剂量依赖关系,但对峰以外时间的滴度无影响;(2)点滴处理东方粘虫体壁后,灭幼脲以剂量依赖的方式抑制前胸腺的分泌活力,但却不抑制离体前胸腺分泌蜕皮酮;(3)灭幼脲抑制促前胸腺激素对前胸腺的活化。     

华南野生蔬菜守宫木的毒理学研究

试验以华南主要野生蔬菜守宫木为材料,对其毒理学进行了探讨.结果表明:小鼠经口服LD50大于10.00 g.kg-1;守宫木引起小白鼠的精子畸形率增多;守宫木30 d喂养对SD大白鼠的肝、肾、脾、心、肺、睾丸等器官有损伤,且组间差异显著,呈一定的剂量反映关系,试验表明30 d喂养守宫木最大无作用剂量组应小于2.5 g.kg-1.说明守宫木可能具有蓄积毒性,不适宜作为蔬菜长期日常食用.     

代谢组学及其在药物安全评价中的应用进展

阐述了代谢组学的概念、研究方法及其在药物毒理学和代谢研究中的应用,并对代谢组学技术在兽药安全评价中的应用前景以及在未来发展中面临的挑战进行了探讨。代谢组学是系统生物学的重要组成部分,已广泛应用于药物安全评价研究中。     

Corneal ulceration in a dog following exposure to the defensive spray of a walkingstick insect (Anisomorpha spp.)

Objective – To describe a case of corneal ulceration in a dog resulting from ocular exposure to the defensive spray of a walkingstick insect (Anisomorpha spp.). Case Summary – A 4‐year‐old, male Chihuahua in southeastern Louisiana presented to an emergency veterinary hospital approximately 20 hours after it was witnessed to have come in close proximity to a walkingstick insect. Within seconds of approaching the insect, the dog yelped, jumped backwards and developed lacrimation, blepharospasm, and periocular swelling of the left eye. Upon presentation, the dog was found to have blepharospasms and miosis of the left eye. Fluorescein stain was applied to the affected eye and diffuse corneal uptake of stain was noted. A diffuse superficial corneal ulceration was diagnosed and treated supportively with ocular flushing, topical antibiotics, ocular lubrication, and a 1% solution of ocular atropine, as well as systemic nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory agents. Clinical signs resolved 10 days after injury. New or Unique Information Provided – While most species of walkingstick insects are considered harmless, certain species in the southeastern United States have the ability to spray defensive venom at their predators. Upon ocular exposure to the venom, the victim may experience intense pain followed by blurred vision, conjunctivitis, keratitis, and corneal ulceration. To date, there is only 1 previous reported case of ocular exposure to walkingstick venom in a dog although both children and animals may be at higher risk for ocular exposure due to their curious nature and proximity in size to the insect. Superficial corneal and conjunctival damage can occur following direct exposure to the defensive chemical spray of the Northern and Southern Twostriped walkingstick insects found in the southeastern United States and may be considered a differential diagnosis in cases involving diffuse corneal ulceration.     

两种治疗奶牛乳房炎蒙药复方的安全性评价

为了对治疗奶牛乳房炎传统蒙药复方和正交蒙药复方的安全性做出科学评价,以保证临床用药安全,采用健康昆明系小鼠进行最大耐受量试验,用健康家兔进行皮肤刺激试验及皮肤致敏试验.结果显示,蒙药复方的安全剂量可以高达120 000 mg/kg体重;对家兔完整皮肤和破损皮肤刺激平均分值小于0.5.表明这两种治疗奶牛乳房炎蒙药复方无刺...     

代谢组学在毒理学研究中的应用

农药在全球范围内广泛使用,然而其毒性效应对人类以及环境中的非靶标生物构成了严重威胁。传统的评价方法观察指标有限,评价效率低,且灵敏度不足,不能完全满足当前的评价需求。代谢组学作为一种新型研究手段,从整体水平上研究生命体代谢活动和状态,具有评价全面,评价效率高,灵敏度高等优点,现已广泛应用于农药环境毒理学研究中。本文拟从代谢组学研究进展以及其在农药环境毒理领域的应用进行回顾性综述。