Effect of fermentation on protein,fat, minerals and thiamine content of pearl millet

Natural as well as single, mixed and sequential pure cutlure (S. diastaticus, S. cerevisiae, L. brevis andL. fermentum) fermentations of pearl millet flour for 72h lowered pH and raised titratable acidity. The fermentation either decreased or did not change the protein content of pearl millet flour. Natural fermentation increased whereas pure culture fermentation decreased the fat content. Ash content did not change. Natural fermentation at 20°C and 25°C increased whereas at 30°C it decreased the thiamine content of the pearl millet flour. Yeast fermentation raised the level of thiamine two- to three-fold, while lactobacilli fermentation lowered it significantly.     

Relationship between thiamine concentration and fermentation patterns in the rumen fluid of dairy cows fed with graded concentrate levels

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the thiamine concentration and the fermentation patterns [pH, concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA)] in the free liquid (FRL) and particle-associated liquid (PARL) of the rumen in dairy cows fed with graded concentrate levels in the diet. Four ruminally cannulated Holstein cows in mid lactation were fed [semi-ad libitum, 18 kg dry matter (DM)/day] diets consisting of hay (H) and slowly degradable concentrate (C), offered in five different H:C ratios (% DM basis) in the following sequence: period 1, 30:70; period 2, 40:60; period 3, 50:50; period 4, 60:40 and period 5, 75:25. A negative quadratic relationship was observed between thiamine concentration in FRL and intake of dietary thiamine (R(2) = 0.36), of concentrate (R(2) = 0.38) and of digestible non-fibre carbohydrates (R(2) = 0.37). The thiamine concentration in PARL was higher (p < or = 0.05) compared to FRL. The ruminal thiamine concentration correlated negatively to pH and positively to concentrations of SCFA and propionate in the rumen. R(2) of these relationships varied markedly (0.002 and 0.77), depending on time after feeding and fluid digesta compartment. The higher R(2) were observed at 8 and 11 h after the morning feeding for FRL (R(2) 0.46-0.71) and PARL (R(2) 0.41-0.77), respectively.     

饲养方式和饲喂水平对鸡肉肌苷酸含量及肉质的影响

研究了不同饲养方式和饲喂水平对“广西黄”黄羽肉鸡肉质的影响。结果表明，放养（饲喂水平为对照组的50%）肉鸡的骨纤维直径显著增大，密度减小，肌肉脂肪含量明显升高；肌肉肌苷酸、硫胺素含量亦显著升高。     

饲养方式和饲喂水平对鸡肉硫胺素含量及肉质的影响

本文研究了不同饲养方式和饲喂水平对“广西黄”黄羽肉鸡肉质的影响，结果表明，放养(饲喂水平为对照组的50％)肉鸡的肌纤维直径显著增大，密度减小，肌肉脂肪含量明显升高。肌肉肌苷酸、硫胺素含量亦显著升高。     

Clinical signs,MRI features,and outcomes of two cats with thiamine deficiency secondary to diet change

Two cats were presented with vestibular signs and seizures. Both cats were diagnosed with thiamine deficiency. The transverse and dorsal T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images revealed the presence of bilateral hyperintense lesions at specific nuclei of the midbrain, cerebellum, and brainstem. After thiamine supplementation, the clinical signs gradually improved. Repeated MR images taken 3 weeks after thiamine supplementation had started showed that the lesions were nearly resolved. This case report describes the clinical and MR findings associated with thiamine deficiency in two cats.     

Variability in contents of thiamine and riboflavin in brown rice,crude oil in brown rice and bran-polish,and silicon in hull of IR rices

Among 30 IR varieties, variety had greater effect on thiamine content of brown rice than season. Both season and variety affected riboflavin content. Purple- and red-pericarped Philippines rices had higher riboflavin and crude protein contents than IR rices. Crude oil contents of brown rice and bran-polish of 19 IR rices were significantly affected by variety, but only brown rice oil content was significantly affected by season. Bran-polish of waxy rice IR29 had the highest oil content. Silicon content of hull of 16 IR rices showed significant variation due to variety and season and tended to be higher in the dry season crop. Variety rankings in nutrient composition were not consistent for the two crops. The levels of nutrients of IR rices were within the range of values reported for other rices.     

Effect of dietary fibres on bioavailability of vitamin A and thiamine

Different sources of dietary fibre (cellulose, pectin, Isabgol, cabbage and guava) were fed to weaning rats for 5 weeks to study their effect on serum vitamins. Both the plant foods (cabbage and guava) were analysed for dietary fibre. Guava was found to be a good source of dietary fibre constituting 51.77% of dry pulp, whereas cabbage contained only 16.17%. Cellulose was the major component of dietary fibre in both the plant foods. The concentration of vitamin A and thiamine in the serum of fibre-fed rats was significantly lower than that of rats on a fibre-free diet. However, the amount of vitamin A in serum decreased significantly with the increase in level of dietary fibre, but the decrease was non-significant in the case of thiamine.     

Pyrimidinyl nicotinic acid and cerebrocortical necrosis.

Pyrimidinyl nicotinic acid (PNA) exhibits great structural similarities to amprolium, which is a known thiamine antagonist. Experimental cerebrocortical necrosis (CCN) has been induced by oral administration of amprolium. PNA has been demonstrated in ruminai fluid from animals suffering from CCN.The aim of this investigation was to study whether PNA can act as thiamine antagonist and whether it can give rise to CCN. For this purpose PNA was synthesized and was daily given intravenously to a calf. The dose corresponded to roughly 10 times the content of thiamine in the blood. After three weeks the dose was doubled. During the entire experimental period comprising nine weeks no clinical sign of thiamine deficiency or CCN was noticeable. The values for all recorded blood chemical parameters, with the exception of occasional GOT and PK values, were within the normal limits of variation.Rats were used in a similar experiment with the same aim. PNA was homogeneously added to their feed in quantities equivalent to five and 10 times the thiamine content. The rats were clinically healthy throughout the experimental period comprising eight weeks. No significant difference in TK activity and TPP effect was observed between the experimental groups and the control group.     

一种新型营养强化剂——二苯酰硫胺素的研制

通过实验进行了二苯酰硫胺素化学合成工艺及其有关特性的研究。确定了二苯酰硫胺素合成的工艺路线、条件和方法。检测了二苯酰硫胺素的实收率、含量、化学结构、热稳定性、水稳定性、脂溶性和安全性。结果表明，所合成出的二苯酰硫胺素完全符合现代食品加工业的要求。     

IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—POLIOENCEPHALOMALACIA IN A CALF

A 2-month-old mix-breed calf developed acute blindness and ataxia. Serum thiamine concentration was deficient. In antemortem magnetic resonance imaging there were laminar T2-hyperintense regions extending along the cerebral cortex that primarily affected the gray matter. The lesions were relatively symmetric between the left and right hemispheres but no abnormalities were present at the frontal lobes. At necropsy, laminar autofluorescence of the cerebral cortex was observed under ultraviolet exposure at 365 nm, consistent with a diagnosis of polioencephalomalacia. Polioencephalomalacia in the bovine species is compared with that in other species, namely humans, dogs, and cats.