通辽市气象因子对红薯产量的影响分析

研究通辽市气象因子对红薯种植产量的影响,旨在为通辽市农业种植结构调整提供科学依据。以红薯推广种植基地的种植资料和气象观测资料为基础数据,对气象因子与红薯产量的相关性进行分析。结果表明,积温、日照时数与红薯产量相关显著,相关系数分别为0.741和0.837,日平均气温和降水量与红薯产量未达到显著水平。除发根返青期外,其他发育期与全生育期的积温变化特征近似,相关系数均在0.788以上;日照时数年际变化与全生育期变化特征一致;仅薯块膨大期与全生育期降水量和日平均气温的年际变化相关显著,相关系数分别为0.933和0.936。热量和光照条件对产量影响相对较大,是红薯种植的限制因素,降水对产量影响不明显。     

湘南丘陵区红壤旱地红薯钾肥最佳用量与产量关系

为了寻求红薯的最佳钾肥施用量,提高钾肥利用率,笔者在湘南红壤丘陵区,设置钾肥5水平肥料效应田间试验,并采用田间试验和室内分析相结合的研究方法,分别测产,测定红薯养分含量以及土壤速效养分。试验结果表明:在钾肥施用量为225kg/hm2时,红薯的经济效益最高,每公顷的纯收入为9624.5元,增收率为47.7%,红薯的经济产量也较高,为19501.5kg/hm2,每公顷增产52.9%。同时,在该施肥水平下,整株红薯的氮、磷、钾养分吸收总量和钾肥利用率均最高,钾肥利用率达到15.6%。相反,在钾肥施用量为225kg/hm2时,0~20cm耕层土壤的速效养分含量和其他钾肥用量的处理相比较,均降低。综合考虑,在五个施钾水平中,笔者得出湘南丘陵区红薯钾肥的最佳施用量为225kg/hm2。     

双隐性甜糯玉米的主要农艺及品质性状

利用糯玉米(wxwx)分别与普甜玉米(su1su1)和超甜玉米(sh2sh2)杂交,在F1代的果穗上分离出纯合双隐性甜糯玉米(su1su1wxwx或sh2sh2wxwx),再同时种植双隐性甜糯玉米及亲本普甜玉米、超甜玉米和糯玉米,观测了一系列农艺性状,并分析了甜糯双隐性基因的互作效应.主要结果如下:(1)双隐性甜糯玉米的三叶期出现最迟,株高较高.(2)大部分     

樱桃透光和郁闭树冠相对光照强度及其果实品质和产量的差异

 以13年生‘红灯’甜樱桃（Prunus avium L.）为试材,应用树冠分格方法,研究了树冠透光和郁闭两种冠型内相对光照强度及其果实品质和产量的差异,以及相对光照强度与果实产量品质的关系。结果表明,两种树冠内相对光照强度均自下而上逐渐增高,透光和郁闭树冠小于30%的相对光照区域分别占树冠总体积的25.23%和52.78%。透光树冠果实分布均匀,主要集中在树冠1.5～2.5 m的高度;而郁闭树冠果实分布差异较大,主要在树冠的外围和上部;产量分别是9.02t.hm-2和3.53t.hm-2。果实品质因素与相对光照强度的回归分析表明樱桃单果质量、果实硬度、果实可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、固酸比最佳的相对光照强度值分别为76.52%、46.84%、100.00%、41.63%和75.77%。     

氮对低氧胁迫下樱桃根系抗氧化酶活性及线粒体功能的影响

 以‘吉塞拉5号’樱桃组培苗为试材, 研究短期低氧胁迫下氮对樱桃幼苗根系抗氧化酶活性 及线粒体功能的影响。通过溶氧调节仪人为控制营养液溶氧浓度为2 mg·L ^{- 1} , NO₃^- 浓度共设4个水平:0、7.5、15.0、22.5 mmol·L ^{- 1} , 以1 /2 Hoagland营养液正常低氧处理(NO₃^- 浓度7.5 mmol·L ^{- 1} ) 为对照。结果表明: 各处理SOD、POD、CAT酶活性均呈现先升高后降低的趋势。与对照相比, 营养液加氮处理的SOD、POD、CAT酶活性升高, 膜质过氧化程度减轻, 且氮浓度越大酶活性升高幅度越大, 而营养液缺氮处理的酶活性降低, 膜质过氧化程度加重; 营养液缺氮处理樱桃根系线粒体中的H₂O₂和MDA含量、O₂^-·生成速率升高, 而营养液加氮处理可降低O₂^-·的产生及MDA含量, 提高线粒体的氧化磷酸化水平, 保护樱桃根系线粒体膜的完整性, 对线粒体呼吸功能的破坏明显减轻, 且NO₃^- 离子浓度高时效果更好, 说明适当提高营养液中的氮素水平可以缓解低氧胁迫对樱桃根系的伤害。     

日本樱花褐斑穿孔病的发生和防治

日本樱花褐斑穿孔病主要危害樱花叶片,致使叶片大量提早脱落,严重影响树势。发病期在4～9月,7、8月发病率增加,9月病叶大量脱落。65％代森锌、75％百菌清（科能）、75％百菌清（达科宁）、50％多菌灵4种农药防治樱花褐斑穿孔病,4月底开始喷药,10d左右1次,共喷4次,防治效果分别达95．1％、91．0％、86．3％、76．1％,可以在生产中推广应用。     

第8届国际甜椒圃地试验报告

从6个方面对参试品种进行了比较分析,结论认为：除ISPN8#3在陕西岐山试验地表现差以外,其余品种（系）均表现优良。     

S‐locus diversity and cross‐compatibility of wild Prunus avium for timber breeding

Prunus avium is primarily cultivated for its fruit, sweet cherries. However, it is also used to produce high‐quality timber. In a P. avium seed orchard, gametophytic self‐incompatibility is a restriction for free pollen flow and should be considered when establishing basic forest materials. In this study, S‐locus diversity and cross‐incompatibility of wild cherry individuals in clonal banks established for breeding for timber production were investigated. Wild cherry trees (140) with outstanding forest growth habit, collected in northern Spain, grafted and planted in two clonal banks, were genotyped at the S‐locus. The self‐incompatibility S‐locus genes, S‐RNase and SFB, were analysed by PCR. Twenty‐two S‐haplotypes, resulting in 72 different S‐genotypes, were identified. The genotypes were grouped into 33 incompatibility groups and 39 unique genotypes. This initial S‐locus analysis revealed large genetic diversity of wild cherry trees from the Spanish northern deciduous forest, and provides useful information for seed orchard design. Wild P. avium displays significantly more genetic diversity than what is detected in local cultivars, revealing a narrowing of genetic diversity during local domestication.     

甜玉米新品种‘浙甜12’

 ‘浙甜12’是以自交系‘GA1101’为母本,‘GA218’为父本杂交育成的超甜玉米新品种。平均鲜果穗产量为11 556 ~ 14 782.5 kg · hm^-2,穗长19.8 ~ 21.0 cm,穗粗5.0 cm,单穗质量262.0 ~ 279.7 g,籽粒可溶性糖含量26.6%,适口性好,商品性佳。     

Sorghum extrusion process combined with biofortified sweet potato contributed for high iron bioavailability in Wistar rats

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sorghum and sweet potato on the bioavailability of iron, gene expression of proteins involved in iron metabolism and the plasma antioxidant capacity in animals fed with whole sorghum grains processed by dry heat or extrusion, combined or not with sweet potato flour with high content of carotenoids. Five experimental groups were tested (n = 7): dry heat sorghum flour (DS); extruded sorghum flour (ES); whole sorghum flour + sweet potato flour (DS + SP); extruded sorghum flour + sweet potato flour (ES + SP) and positive control (FS). The evaluations included: hemoglobin gain, hemoglobin regeneration efficiency, gene expression of divalente metal transporter 1 (DMT-1), duodenal citochroma B (DcytB), ferroportin, hephaestin, transferrin and ferritin and total plasma antioxidant capacity (TAC). The ES + SP group showed higher (p < 0.05) expression of DcytB, ferroportin and hephaestin when compared to the control group. The DS group showed high (p < 0.05) expression of DMT-1 and the ES showed high mRNA expression of transferrin and ferritin. The changes in the sorghum physicochemical properties from extrusion process reduced the iron and phytate content, and increased the gene expression of proteins involved in iron metabolism, improving iron bioavailability. The combination of sweet potato and sorghum flour (dry or extruded) improved the iron capture and total antioxidant capacity, probably due to the presence of β-carotene and antioxidant compounds.