云雾山草地优势植物的光合生理特性对CO2浓度的响应

对云雾山自然保护区主要优势种的光合生理特性随CO2浓度升高的变化进行了研究.研究结果表明,随CO2浓度的升高,4种植物的胞间CO2浓度升高,气孔导度下降,蒸腾速率减少,水分利用效率提高,光合速率增加.然而不同生长期、不同植物之问光合特性存在明显差异.7月份4种植物的光合速率皆最大,8-9月份较小;不同植物之间光合速率和蒸腾速率顺序为大针茅>铁杆蒿>本氏针茅>厚穗冰草;水分利用效率的顺序为本氏针茅>铁杆蒿>大针茅>厚穗冰草.同时随 CO2浓度的升高,光系统Ⅱ的开放比例、实际光能捕获效率、电子传递速率、实际光化学效率和Phi CO2值均呈直线增加,而热耗散呈下降趋势.     

论我国经营者集中审查制度的缺陷与完善

经营者集中反垄断审查是从时间、空间二重维度规范审查机构及经营者行为的制度安排。欧美申报程序规定大体一致,都采用了申报前的磋商沟通机制,且注重程序的公开;申报内容规定简单明确,但美国规定更细。欧美都注重对当事人辩护权的保护,欧共体执法机构更有权威性和强制性,美国更注重执法机构与当事人负担的平衡,欧美审限规定具体明确,是成本与效率的有效结合。我国应当扩大公开对象范围和事项,完善行政听证程序并规定当事人的辩护权,缩减审查可延长的期限并合理规定期限的中止。     

CO_2浓度对水稻籽粒蛋白质及氨基酸含量的影响

本试验通过开顶式气室控制CO2含量,研究了大气CO2增长对水稻籽粒蛋白质及氨基酸组分含量的影响。结果表明,在大气CO2含量(摩尔分数)为550和750μmol.mol-1时,与正常大气CO2水平相比,水稻籽粒蛋白质含量和氨基酸总量有下降趋势,蛋白质含量呈下降趋势,分别下降3.10%和5.49%,氨基酸中的色氨酸和组氨酸下降幅度最大,分别为17.19%-35.16%和10.81%-28.38%。     

家蚕消化液对几种外源性酶活性的影响

通过体外试验和经口添食试验表明,家蚕消化液对纤维素酶和果胶酶具有明显的 抑制作用.分析认为,这是由于消化液的强碱性或消化液中存在的蛋白酶的分解作用 所致.因此,利用外源性消化酶的可能途径是先经酶促反应,将大量纤维素或果胶等 转变成可吸收利用的还原糖形态,然后进行给饵.     

高频饮用牛奶和葡萄糖对雌性大鼠生殖机能的影响

选用22d断奶SD大鼠高频饮用牛奶或葡萄糖40d,分别记录各组动物的阴道开张时间和阴道黏液、每周日增重、卵巢及子宫所占体重百分比、血糖水平,收集卵巢进行组织学处理以观察卵泡发育情况,探讨高频饮用牛奶和葡萄糖对雌性大鼠初情期的影响.结果显示,奶组和糖组大鼠较对照组阴道开张时间来得早,预示初情期可能提前,而且,奶组和糖组大鼠的卵巢占体重百分比较对照组高(P＜0.05).牛奶组血糖水平比对照组高,但糖组与对照组血糖水平差异不显著.通过对卵巢进行石蜡切片、HE染色及卵泡计数,结果显示:奶组的闭锁卵泡、每张切片卵泡总平均数都比对照组多(P＜0.05),而葡萄糖组的黄体数比对照组少(P＜0.05).试验表明高频饮用牛奶和葡萄糖可对性成熟前雌性大鼠的生殖机能产生一定影响.     

Automated identification of sugar beet diseases using smartphones

Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) poses a high economic risk to sugar beet production due to its potential to greatly reduce yield and quality. For successful integrated management of CLS, rapid and accurate identification of the disease is essential. Diagnosis on the basis of typical visual symptoms is often compromised by the inability to differentiate CLS symptoms from similar symptoms caused by other foliar pathogens of varying significance, or from abiotic stress. An automated detection and classification of CLS and other leaf diseases, enabling a reliable basis for decisions in disease control, would be an alternative to visual as well as molecular and serological methods. This paper presents an algorithm based on a RGB‐image database captured with smartphone cameras for the identification of sugar beet leaf diseases. This tool combines image acquisition and segmentation on the smartphone and advanced image data processing on a server, based on texture features using colour, intensity and gradient values. The diseases are classified using a support vector machine with radial basis function kernel. The algorithm is suitable for binary‐class and multi‐class classification approaches, i.e. the separation between diseased and non‐diseased, and the differentiation among leaf diseases and non‐infected tissue. The classification accuracy for the differentiation of CLS, ramularia leaf spot, phoma leaf spot, beet rust and bacterial blight was 82%, better than that of sugar beet experts classifying diseases from images. However, the technology has not been tested by practitioners. This tool can be adapted to other crops and their diseases and may contribute to improved decision‐making in integrated disease control.     

A Greenhouse Test for Screening Sugar Beet (Beta Vulgaris) for Resistance to Rhizoctonia Solani

Rhizoctonia solani Kühn is a serious plant pathogenic fungus, causing various types of damage to sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.). In Europe, the disease is spreading and becoming a threat for the growing of this crop. Plant resistance seems to be the most practical and economical way to control the disease. Experiments were carried out to optimise a greenhouse procedure to screen plants of sugar beet for resistance to R. solani. In the first experiment, two susceptible accessions were evaluated for root and leaf symptoms, after being grown in seven different soil mixtures and inoculated with R. solani. The fungus infected all plants. It was concluded that leaf symptoms were not reliable for the rating of disease severity. Statistically significant differences between the soil mixtures were observed, and there were no significant differences between the two accessions. The two soil mixtures, showing the most severe disease symptoms, were selected for a second experiment, including both resistant and susceptible accessions. As in the first experiment, root symptoms were recorded using a 1–7 scale, and a significant expression of resistance was observed. The average severity of the disease in the greenhouse experiment generally was comparable with the infection in field experiments, and the ranking of the accessions was the same in the two types of experiments. It was concluded that evaluation procedures in the greenhouse could be used as a rapid assay to screen sugar beet plants for resistance to R. solani.     

甜高粱茎秆糖产量形成及其调控研究进展

甜高粱茎秆多汁,糖分含量高,是最具有发展前景的绿色能源作物之一。作为重要的生物质能源作物,种植甜高粱的直接目标是获得高的糖产量。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖的流变特性研究

通过研究魔芋葡甘聚糖(KGM)溶胶粘度(η)分别与浓度、温度、溶胀时间及剪切速率的相关性,结果表明KGM的流变特性呈明显的非线性变化规律。KGM的η随浓度(C)增加呈指数关系递增;用三次多项式能良好拟合温度效应曲线和溶胀速率曲线;KGM溶胶属典型的假塑性流体,其流变曲线符合幂定律,进一步得出了粘性系数K和流动指数n随浓度和温度的变化趋势,其关系曲线可分别用幂函数和二次多项式拟合。实验得到效应的非线性曲线拐点,即浓度(0.70％)、温度(50℃)、时间(40 min),以及K和n的非线性变化曲线,为KGM在食品工业中的合理应用和其质量评价提供可靠依据。     

高浓度城市污水处理正交试验研究

针对新疆石河子市城市污水CODcr高于1000mg／L的特点，采用SBR工艺进行处理试验，并用正交试验的方法对最佳工艺条件进行了探讨。试验表明，该工艺对高浓度城市污水有较好的处理效果。通过控制运行条件，可使出水各项指标分别满足污水综合排放标准和农业灌溉的要求。