核酸疫苗研究进展(下)

Sato等报道，在质粒载体上引入大肠杆菌Amp^ 抗性基因(内含有6核苷酸片段的ISS免疫增强序列)，真皮免疫小鼠后ISS增强CTL和Th1细胞的免疫反应。有人提出利用含有病毒免疫原性基因的基因大片段进行基因免疫，以弥补单基因免疫活性的不足。将协同因子如IL-2、IL-12、TCA等的表达质粒与抗原表达质粒混合注射可使Th1型细胞免疫增强，而GMcsf能明显加强体液免疫，     

Based serum metabolomics analysis reveals simultaneous interconnecting changes during chicken embryonic development

Metabolic disorder is a major health problem and is associated with a number of metabolic diseases. Due to native hyperglycaemia and resistance to exogenous insulin, chickens as a model had used in the studies of adipose tissue biology, metabolism and obesity. But no detailed information is available about the comprehensive changes of serum metabolites at different stages of chicken embryonic development. This study employed LC/MS‐QTOF to determine the changes of major functional metabolites at incubation day 14 (E14d), 19 (E19d) and hatching day 1 (H1d), and the associated pathways of differential metabolites during chicken embryonic development were analysed using Metabolite Set Enrichment Analysis method. Results showed that 39 metabolites were significantly changed from E14d to E19d and 68 metabolites were significantly altered from E19d to H1d in chicken embryos. Protein synthesis was promoted by increasing the concentrations of L‐glutamine and threonine, and gonadal development was promoted through increasing oestrone content from E14d to E19d in chicken embryos, which indicated that serum glutamine, threonine and oestrone contents may be considered as the candidate indicators for assessment of early embryonic development. 2‐oxoglutaric acid mainly contributed to enhancing the citric cycle, and it plays an important role in improving the growth of chicken embryos at the late development; the decreasing of L‐glutamine, L‐isoleucine and L‐leucine contents from E19d to H1d in chicken embryonic development implied their possible functions as the feed additive during early posthatch period of broiler chickens to satisfy the growth. These results provided insights into understand the roles of serum metabolites at different developmental stages of chicken embryos, it also provides available information for chicken as a model to study metabolic disease or human obesity.     

Melatonin reduces apoptotic cells,SOD2 and HSPB1 and improves the in vitro production and quality of bovine blastocysts

Effects of adding different concentrations of melatonin (10^?7, 10^?9 and 10^?11 M) to maturation (Experiment 1; Control, IVM  + 10^?7, IVM  + 10^?9, IVM  + 10^?11) and culture media (Experiment 2; Control, IVC  + 10^?7, IVC  + 10^?9, IVC  + 10^?11) were evaluated on in vitro bovine embryonic development. The optimal concentration of melatonin (10^?9 M) from Experiments 1–2 was tested in both maturation and/or culture media of Experiment 3 (Control, IVM  + 10^?9, IVC  + 10^?9, IVM /IVC  + 10^?9). In Experiment 1, maturated oocytes from Control and IVM  + 10^?9 treatments showed increased glutathione content, mitochondrial membrane potential and percentage of Grade I blastocysts (40.6% and 43%, respectively). In Experiment 2, an increase in the percentage of Grade I blastocysts was detected in IVC  + 10^?7 (43.5%; 56.7%) and IVC  + 10^?9 (47.4%; 57.4%). Moreover, a lower number and percentage of apoptotic cells in blastocysts were observed in the IVC  + 10^?9 group compared to Control (3.8 ± 0.6; 3.6% versus 6.1 ± 0.6; 5.3%). In Experiment 3, the IVC  + 10^?9 treatment increased percentage of Grade I blastocysts with a lower number of apoptotic cells compared to IVM /IVC  + 10^?9 group (52.6%; 3.0 ± 0.5 versus 46.0%; 5.4 ± 1.0). The IVC  + 10^?9 treatment also had a higher mRNA expression of antioxidant gene (SOD 2) compared to the Control, as well as the heat shock protein (HSPB 1) compared to the IVM  + 10^?9. Reactive oxygen species production was greater in the IVM /IVC  + 10^?9 treatment group. In conclusion, the 10^?9 M concentration of melatonin and the in vitro production phase in which it is used directly affected embryonic development and quality.     

百宜黑羽鸡外貌特征及生长发育研究

从选育中的1,2世代百宜黑羽鸡的外貌特征、生长性能两个方面对百宜黑羽鸡的部分特征特性进行了研究,结果表明:百宜黑羽鸡具有全黑羽带墨绿色(脚、胫、喙、耳毛为黑色),体形中等,肤白色。2周龄时公母均出现日增重率先升后降,分别由0.048%和0.48%上升到41.72%和37.79%,接着又下降到5.69%和5.06%。百宜母鸡的生长曲线从10周龄开始与公鸡的生长曲线分离,17周龄后母鸡的生长速度明显慢于公鸡。     

贵州省花卉产业发展现状及对策

花卉是21世纪的朝阳产业,我国花卉种植面积已居世界第一,而贵州花卉处于起步阶段,许多花卉仍需从外地进货,这对于经济条件并不富裕,而地理环境条件都有利于花卉种植的贵州极为不利。通过对贵州花卉产业发展现状、发展优势的深入分析,探索相应的发展对策,以期对贵州花卉产业的健康发展提供参考。     

贵州凤冈县有机农业发展规划与对策

在全面分析区域概况和有机农业开发优势、存在主要问题的基础上,探讨了贵州省凤冈县有机农业发展规划的总体布局,在发展思路、重点产业、营销体系和保障体系等诸多方面进行了全面策划,并提出了凤冈县有机农业发展的对策.     

江苏省动态生态足迹的测度和分析

利用生态足迹的原理和模型计算了江苏省1990-2006年的生态足迹和土地生态承载力,分析江苏省生态经济可持续状况和资源利用强度的变化过程及其原因,并结合江苏省社会经济发展特点提出实现该省可持续发展的途径和对策.结果表明:研究期间江苏省人均生态足迹明显高于人均生态承载力,出现生态赤字;人均生态足迹和人均生态赤字逐渐增大,而人均生态承载力呈逐渐减小趋势.从生态足迹构成看,化石燃料生态占用面积最大.其次是耕地,牧草地居第三;除耕地外,牧草地、水域、林地、化石燃料用地和建筑用地人均生态占用面积均逐渐增大.从横向比较看,江苏省的人均生态足迹虽然高于中国平均水平,却低于全球平均值.可见,江苏省人口、经济和消费模式对自然生态的需求已经超过自然生态系统的生态承载力范围,生态足迹和生态承载力之间的矛盾加剧,现有的生态经济发展模式是不可持续的,生态环境处于不安全状态.     

中国农村合作经济组织发展研究述评

随着国内理论界对农村合作经济组织研究的逐步深入,成果斐然;但同时还存在一些不足,难以有效促进组织的发展。笔者从促进中国农村合作经济组织的发展的视角出发,筛选了国内核心刊物上20世纪90年代以来合作经济组织研究的新进展,对组织存在的必然性、运行机制、发展思路与模式等方面进行了综述,指出其对合作组织发展的重要启示和意义,并对研究进展进行了简要的评价。     

中华鳖GHITM cDNA基因克隆及表达分析

为研究GHITM基因在中华鳖(Trionyx sinensis)胚胎发育及生长中的作用,本研究通过RT-PCR和RACE方法获得了中华鳖GHITM全长cDNA序列;采用实时荧光定量PCR对GHITM mRNA组织表达及不同温度孵化胚胎发育过程中的表达特性进行分析。结果显示,中华鳖GHITM cDNA序列长度为2650 bp,开放阅读框为1050 bp,5?非编码区为123 bp,3?非编码区为1477 bp,编码349个氨基酸,编码蛋白的等电点为10.01,分子量为37.12 kDa。GHITM编码氨基酸序列由胞外区、跨膜区和胞内区组成,7个跨膜域组成跨膜区。GHITM编码氨基酸序列的同源性分析显示,中华鳖与锦龟(Chrysemys picta bellii)和绿海龟(Chelonia mydas)同属一个分支,3种鳄鱼构成一个分支,7种鸟类形成一个分支。实时荧光定量检测显示,GHITM基因在肝脏、肌肉和脑垂体中的表达水平较高,显著高于心脏、性腺、肠、肾脏和脾脏组织(P<0.05);50 g左右和500 g左右雄性个体肝脏中的GHITM基因表达量显著高于雌性个体(P<0.05);低温胁迫孵化能显著抑制胚胎肝脏中GHITM基因的表达(P<0.05)。上述研究结果表明,GHITM基因与中华鳖生长和胚胎发育密切相关,其在中华鳖胚胎中的表达受孵化温度调节。本研究为探讨中华鳖胚胎发育和生长提供理论依据。     

日本米虾胚胎发育及离体孵化

本研究采用自制离体孵化装置,对日本米虾(Caridina japonica)不同发育期胚胎进行离体孵化研究,结果显示,水温为25.5℃时,日本米虾受精卵孵化大约需要25 d,发育积温为637.5℃。胚胎发育历经受精卵、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、前无节幼体期、后无幼体期、前溞状幼体期和膜内溞状幼体期8个时期。各期离体胚胎均能孵化出幼体,膜内溞状幼体期离体胚胎孵化率最高,为(80.7±2.4)%,非离体孵化的对照组为(79.1±4.9)%,二者差异不显著;卵裂期离体胚胎孵化率最低,为(28.2±2.6)%,与对照组差异显著。各组离体胚胎所孵化出的Ⅰ期(ZⅠ)和Ⅱ期溞状幼体(ZⅡ)的变态率无显著差异。温度对日本米虾前溞状幼体期胚胎离体孵化影响显著,在15.0℃~32.5℃范围内,随水温升高孵化时间逐渐缩短,15.0℃时,前溞状幼体离体孵化时间为(436.8±124.8) h,32.5℃时缩短至(228.0±88.8) h,但温度高于29.0℃时,孵化出的幼体变态率开始下降。本研究可为日本米虾繁殖生物学及甲壳动物胚胎离体孵化技术研究提供参考。