“巨峰”葡萄热处理茎尖培养技术研究

以"巨峰"葡萄为试材,经热处理后取其茎尖进行离体培养,通过调整激素的种类和浓度,筛选出了适宜"巨峰"葡萄茎尖分化和生根的培养基;通过对不同移栽基质的研究,筛选出了移栽成活率较高的基质配方。结果表明:38℃热处理时葡萄苗发芽率最高,可达86.67%;以GS为基本培养基,附加BA 0.5mg/L与NAA 0.1mg/L,最适宜于"巨峰"葡萄茎尖分化成苗,分化率可达70.00%;生根培养基以GS+IBA 0.06mg/L的生根率最高。适宜"巨峰"葡萄茎尖组培苗移栽的基质为河沙1份+水苔1份。     

峦大杉人工林生长规律研究

应用来舟林业试验场24年生的峦大杉与杉木对比试验林为试材,通过样地调查和标准木树干解析探讨峦大杉人工林的生长规律。结果表明:峦大杉树高平均生长量12年生时达到最大值0.96 m·a-1,连年生长量在10年生时达到最大值1.35 m·a-1,峦大杉树高的快速生长时期是造林后12 a内;胸径平均生长变化平缓,呈现逐年增加趋势,连年生长量增速较快,16年生时出现明显高峰值1.45 cm·a-1,且高峰期持续时间较长;材积连年生长量稳步增加,18年生时出现最大值为0.00543 m3·a-1,平均生长量在10年生之前变化平缓,10年生之后变化较大。利用理查德方程拟合峦大杉的树高、胸径、材积的生长过程,分别为:树高H=16.596(1-e-0.13554t)1.8279、胸径D=16078.496(1-e-0.00019t)1.2677、材积V=0.02276(1-e-0.02646t)1.3974拟合效果好,树高、胸径、材积拟合方程的残差平方和分别为0.1782、0.8528、0.0000194。     

鹿茸发育的组织来源及其相互作用机制研究进展

本综述介绍了鹿茸发育的组织来源及其相互作用机制的研究进展,阐明了鹿茸发育的组织细胞特性,进一步分析了鹿茸发育机制中待解决的问题。     

基于抗原表位策略的苹果茎痘病毒抗血清的制备

苹果茎痘病毒(Apple stem pitting virus,ASPV)是一种严重危害果树生产的潜隐性病毒,但缺乏实用的ASPV抗血清。应用不同生物信息学软件对ASPV外壳蛋白不同区域的抗原指数、蛋白二级结构中α螺旋、β片层、β转角、无规则卷曲结构、亲水性、可塑性(Flexibility)和表面可及性(Surface probability)进行了分析。根据抗原表位主要分布在β转角结构和无规则卷曲区域、亲水性和表面可及性参数较高的特点,综合分析预测ASPV外壳蛋白抗原表位区可能位于N端6-20、100-114、400-414位氨基酸残基附近。通过合成2条多肽(CRGYEEGSRPNQRVLP、CTGGKIGPKPVLSIRK),与载体蛋白偶联后免疫动物,最后得到了2份抗血清(编号为1468和1469)。制备的抗血清可与ASPV外壳蛋白基因原核表达产物产生免疫反应。应用此抗血清检测苹果样品,抗血清1468检测结果与RT-PCR检测结果一致,而抗血清1469仅能检测到部分样品。     

芦笋茎枯病病原菌及其生物学研究

芦笋茎枯病是一种分布广、为害重的毁灭性病害。研究证实,临沂市芦笋茎枯病病原为Phoma asparagi Sacc.。该菌分生孢子发芽和菌丝生长适温为23—26℃,致死温度分别为50℃10分钟和60℃10分钟,发芽和生长最适pH为7。分生孢子生长在分生孢子器内,单个分生孢子常温下可活10天,菌块内可活25天,孢子器内则长达240天。分生孢子在蒸馏水中不发芽,加糖液发芽率略有提高,在文竹和芦笋茎煮液中发芽率最高;条件适宜时2小时产生芽突,5小时发芽率达98.21%。     

连作晚稻三化螟为害损失与防治指标研究

三化螟幼虫在晚梗稻分蘖、圆秆、孕穗、破口期均能侵入,所形成的为害株数、为害类型和幼虫存活率与生育期有密切关系,为害丛、株增长呈S型曲线。分蘖期、孕穗—破口期引起丛、株为害率和损失率与卵块密度显著相关,每个卵块损失稻谷分别为59.11±2.99g、74.58±3.31g。考种结果表明,产量损失的主要原因是有效穗减少。在现有生产条件下,三化螟经济允许卵块密度为:分蘖期130—150块/666.7m~2,孕穗—破口期100—120块/666.7m~2;防治指标:分蘖期100—110块/666.7m~2,为害团50—60个/666.7m~2,丛为害率2.0％—3.0％,株为害率1.0％—1.5％。     

Accessions of Australian Nicotiana species suitable as indicator hosts in the diagnosis of plant virus diseases

When screening the genusNicotiana for sensitive and differential hosts for a group of mechanically transmissible plant viruses with narrow host ranges, development of systemic symptoms was alsmost exclusively observed in species of three closely related sections of the subgenusPetunioides. These species wereN. miersii (sectionAcuminatae),N. bigelovii andN. clevelandii (Bigelovianae) andN. benthamiana, N. cavicola, N. ingulba, N. occidentalis, N. rosulata andN. rotundifolia (Suaveolentes). Except forN. benthamiana andN. clevelandii, which are already known for their large virus ranges, they are new experimental hosts that appeared very useful for detection of viruses and for differentiation of viruses that closely resemble each other in host range. Accessions of the same species often varied largely in local and systemic viral response. EspeciallyN. benthamiana-9,N. miersii-33 andN. occidentalis-37B (code numbers given by Tobacco Research Laboratory, Oxford, N.C., USA) are recommended for routine inoculation tests. The sensitiveSuaveolentes species mentioned are native to the arid parts of Australia. Collections of these species deserve attention in studies on virus diseases of unknown etiology where experimental hosts are lacking.Samenvatting In het genusNicotiana werden vatbare, gevoelige en differentiële toetsplanten opgespoord door toetsing van vooral de collectie van het Tobacco Research Laboratory (Oxford, N.C., VS) met een aantal virussen waarvoor weinig of geen bruikbare toetsplanten bekend waren. Systemische reacties werden bijna uitsluitend in soorten van drie nauw verwante secties van het subgenusPetunioides waargenomen. Deze soorten warenN. miersii (sectieAcuminatae),N. bigelovii enN. clevelandii (Bigelovianae) enN. benthamiana, N. cavicola, N. ingulba, N. occidentalis, N. rosulata enN. rotundifolia (Suaveolentes). Behalve voor virusvermeerdering bleken deze soorten ook zeer geschikt te zijn voor differentiatie van virussen of virusstammen met een bijna gelijke waardplantenreeks.Collectienummers van één en dezelfde soort konden sterk in lokale en systemische reactie verschillen. VooralN. benthamiana-9,N. miersii-33 enN. occidentalis-37B kunnen voor routine-inoculaties worden aanbevolen. Met uitzondering vanN. benthamiana enN. clevelandii zijn de genoemde soorten of genotypen nieuwe experimentele waardplanten voor de virologie. De soorten die van de sectieSuaveolentes worden genoemd, zijn inheems in de woestijnachtige gebieden van Australië. Verzamelingen daarvan verdienen nadere aandacht bij de diagnostiek van virusziekten waarvoor nog geen experimentele waarplanten voorhanden zijn.     

胚胎干细胞向神经细胞定向诱导分化方法的研究进展

胚胎干细胞具有自我更新和多向分化潜能,有望成为治疗神经系统疾病重要的种子细胞来源。如何高效地诱导胚胎干细胞向特定神经细胞分化是目前研究的热点。本文就胚胎干细胞定向分化成神经细胞的3种方法:RA诱导法、谱系选择法和SDIA法及其移植研究做一综述。     

A viability study of Fallopia japonica stem tissue

Vegetative regeneration of intact and split nodes of Fallopia japonica (Houtt.) Ronse Decraene was the focus of this greenhouse experiment. Stem material, collected in May, July and September 1997, was cut into 40-mm-long sections and incubated on the surface of moist compost in a greenhouse. All samples showed some regrowth of buds and new shoots from both intact and split nodes in any season. A maximum number of 0.25 buds per intact node was recorded after 6 days in a spring experiment. The vegetative regrowth of shoots generally appeared after 1 week and increased over time with a maximum mean height of 77 mm after 27 days and a maximum number of 0.39 shoots per intact node after 13 days. Adventitious roots developed from both intact and split nodes during both summer and autumn experiments. From this study, a maximum of 90 stem tissue propagules per square metre of F. japonica stand has been estimated. If the plant is cut as part of a control programme, these propagules can produce shoots with growth rates of up to 2.9 mm per day with a good chance of the development of adventitious roots. This considerable potential for vegetative regeneration of stem tissue shows a clear need for guidelines on the safe management and disposal of F. japonica plant material.