Organic additives used in beef cattle feedlot: Effects on metabolic parameters and animal performance

Organic additives are recently being used in animal diets owing to their ability to control metabolic issues and result in better animal performance. Specifically, the organic additive Fator P^® presents an additional advantage that is to cause a lesser greenhouse gas emission. This study evaluated whether Fator P^® intake changes ruminal parameters or animal performance of beef cattle. Evaluations were carried out in a feedlot experiment divided into growing (46 days; two diets [control mix—CM and standard mix—SM] and finishing (lasted 83 days; four diets: CM, SM, Fator P^® + virginiamycin, and Fator P^® alone [FP]) trials. Animal performance study involved 48 animals allocated to 12 collective pens in completely randomized experimental design. Ruminal parameters were evaluated in separate metabolism study developed carried out using individual pen with four steers. During growing trial, FP diet resulted in higher (p < 0.05) dry matter intake (DMI) and ruminating time. In the finishing trial, diets containing Fator P^® resulted in higher DMI than obtained with CM. Most of the ruminal parameters did not differ (p > 0.05) among dietary treatments. Therefore, Fator P^® represents a viable and safe strategy for supplementation to beef cattle finished using high‐concentrate diet in feedlot systems.     

不同硒源对家兔消化性能和血液生化指标的影响

本试验旨在探讨日粮不同硒源对新西兰肉兔消化性能和血液生化指标的影响。选用35日龄的断奶仔兔60只,公母各半,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复4只。在基础日粮中分别添加相同水平(0.15 mg/kg)的硒代蛋氨酸与亚硒酸钠,预试期7 d,正试期35 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,硒能显著提高粗蛋白质和粗纤维表观消化率(P<0.05),硒代蛋氨酸组显著高于亚硒酸钠组(P<0.05);硒对血清总蛋白(TP)水平有显著提高,但不同硒源之间差异不显著(P>0.05);硒能显著降低血清尿酸(UA)水平,且硒代蛋氨酸组显著低于亚硒酸钠组(P<0.05);对照组血糖(GLU)水平显著低于加硒组,但不同硒源之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。综合本试验结果,生长兔饲料中添加硒对其消化性能有增效作用,且有机硒的作用明显大于无机硒。     

Apparent digestibility coefficients of feed ingredients and their predictability in compound diets for gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata L.

Apparent digestibility of crude protein, amino acids, lipid, carbohydrate and energy was measured for a range of feed ingredients fed to gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata L. — fish meal, poultry meal, meat meal, blood meal, squid meal, extracted soyabean and wheat flour. Chromic oxide was used as a non-absorbed reference substance and faeces were collected by stripping. Diets compounded from mixtures of these ingredients were then used to examine the possibility of predicting the digestibility of formulated diets.
Apparent digestibility of crude protein ranged from 79% to 90%, lipids from 83% to 95% and energy from 72% to 88% in the different ingredients. Apparent digestibility of carbohydrates was lower and ranged from 49% to 77%. Apparent digestibility of amino acids was higher than that of crude protein and differences were found among digestibilities of individual amino acids.
Tests conducted using five compound diets indicated that ingredient digestibility was additive for protein, amino acids, lipids and energy, whereas the digestibility of carbohydrates in the compound feeds was slightly lower than predicted.
Diets for Sparus aurata may thus be formulated on the basis of digestibility of individual ingredients.     

粗饲料组合对奶牛饲粮养分消化率、能量和氮的利用的影响

本试验旨在研究粗饲料组合对奶牛饲粮养分消化率、能量和氮的利用的影响。试验采用单因素随机区组设计,将 １６头体重、年龄、胎次相近的,处于干奶期的健康荷斯坦奶牛分为 ４组,每组 ４头。以常用的粗饲料设计 Ａ（玉米青贮 ＋玉米秸秆）、Ｂ（玉米青贮 ＋羊草）、Ｃ（玉米青贮 ＋玉米秸秆 ＋羊草）、Ｄ（玉米青贮 ＋苜蓿草 ＋羊草）４种粗饲料组合的饲粮。结果表明：饲粮Ｄ干物质、有机物和中性洗涤纤维的消化率最高,显著高于其他各饲粮（Ｐ＜０．０５）,其次为饲粮Ｂ和饲粮 Ｃ,饲粮 Ａ最低,显著低于其他各饲粮（Ｐ＜０．０５）,各饲粮的酸性洗涤纤维消化率差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。粗饲料组合显著影响饲粮摄入总能、能量消化率和能量代谢率（Ｐ＜０．０５）,饲粮 Ｄ甲烷能占摄入总能比显著低于其他 ３种饲粮（Ｐ＜０．０５）。各饲粮的粪氮、尿氮占摄入总氮比差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）,饲粮 Ｄ的氮消化率显著高于饲粮 Ｂ与饲粮 Ｃ（Ｐ＜０．０５）,且饲粮 Ｂ显著高于饲粮 Ａ（Ｐ＜０．０５）;饲粮 Ｂ、饲粮 Ｄ的氮利用率显著高于饲粮 Ａ（Ｐ＜０．０５）。由此可见,玉米青贮 ＋苜蓿草 ＋羊草型饲粮的养分消化率、能量和氮的利用均优于其他各饲粮,羊草与玉米秸秆之间存在正组合效应,两者搭配使用可提高玉米秸秆的消化率,优化能量和氮的利用。     

苜蓿干草长度对育肥湖羊生长性能和营养物质消化率的影响

文章旨在探讨苜蓿干草切割长度对湖羊增重性能和营养物质表观消化率的影响。试验选择60只体重和日龄相近的断奶湖羊,随机分为4组,对照组日粮中的苜蓿干草为自然长度,其余3组分别饲喂切割长度为5、15和25 mm的苜蓿干草,预饲期为10 d,正试期为90 d,在饲喂试验结束前的最后10 d开展消化试验。试验结果表明,苜蓿干草切割长度对育肥羔羊的干物质采食量具有显著影响,育肥羔羊的干物质采食量随苜蓿干草切割长度的增加而降低。苜蓿干草切割长度对育肥羔羊的平均日增重具有显著影响,以苜蓿切割长度为15 mm具有最大日增重。育肥羔羊的营养物质表观率受苜蓿干草长度的影响显著,日粮营养物质的表观消化率随苜蓿干草切割长度的增加而增加。因此,在育肥羔羊饲料配制过程中,应考虑苜蓿干草的切割长度,本试验中以苜蓿干草切割长度为15 mm具有最佳生长性能。     

增蛋散对蛋鸡内分泌及消化作用的影响

将768只421日龄海兰白蛋鸡随机均分为2组,分别饲喂添加0和1.5%中药增蛋散的2种饲料,于饲养30、60d时采血和屠宰,测定血样中卵泡刺激素(FSH)、促黄体素(LH)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)、雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P4)、甲状旁腺素(PTH)、环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)等的含量及饲料中粗蛋白和钙的消化率,探讨该散剂促产蛋的作用机制.结果显示,当日粮中添加增蛋散饲喂30、60 d时,蛋鸡血清中FSH、LH、T3、T4、E2、P4、PTH的含量,下丘脑和腺垂体中cAMP含量及饲料中粗蛋白和钙的消化率均有显著提高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).本试验结果为该散剂提高产蛋后期鸡的产蛋率,推迟其淘汰期的药理作用提供了实验依据.     

线性回归法测定生长猪内源磷排泄量及鱼粉磷真消化率

本研究采用线性回归法测定生长猪内源磷排泄量及鱼粉磷的真消化率.选用5头健康大白×长白阉公猪为试验动物,平均体重为(27.17±0.28)kg.采用5×5拉丁方设计,设5个磷水平(0.08%、0.12%、0.17%、0.21%和0.25%),日粮以葡萄糖和玉米淀粉等为基础原料,鱼粉为磷唯一来源.日粮中添加0.1%TiO2作为外源指示剂.试验分5个试验期,每期6 d,4 d适应期,2 d收粪期.结果表明,生长猪粪磷的排出量与日粮磷的摄入量呈线性关系(y=0.292 7x-0.052 8,R2=0.99,P<0.01),回归法测得生长猪内源磷的排泄量为0.798 5 g/kg,鱼粉磷的真消化率为71.12%.分析粪磷来源发现,内源磷排泄量基本不变(P>0.05),而粪磷随日粮磷含量的增加而增加(P<0.01).由结果可知,线性回归法可用于测定猪内源磷排泄量及鱼粉磷真消化率.     

绿叶汁发酵液为添加剂改善玉米青贮品质的研究

本研究以饲料玉米(Zea mays)为原料,采用绿叶汁发酵液1.0%、1.5%、2.0%作青贮添加剂,并与传统青贮工艺添加1%、3% NaCl做比较,在实验室条件下贮藏60 d。测定其青贮品质(包括微生物群落结构、pH值、粗蛋白、干物质、纤维素含量、有机酸含量)及体外消化率,并与传统青贮工艺做比较。结果显示,添加绿叶汁发酵液可以明显改善青贮品质,pH值显著降低,干物质、粗蛋白及有机酸含量均有显著性增加(P<0.05)。经体外消化试验可知,与对照相比,添加绿叶汁发酵液可显著提高青贮饲料消化率。     

Lactobacillus amylophilus JCM1125在生长限制条件下的代谢特性

在以小麦淀粉、玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉和可溶性淀粉为碳源代替葡萄糖为碳源的 MRS培养基上检测了菌株 L actobacillus amylophilus JCM112 5活菌数的增殖状况以及葡萄糖和有机酸的代谢特征同时测定了 p H值的变化。结果表明以淀粉为碳源时菌株先分解淀粉成葡萄糖并累积到一定数量后再加以利用 ;活菌数呈现双曲线增长现象 ;丙酮酸、乳酸、乙酸和柠檬酸及另一未知有机酸的数量发生了较大的变化。     

Glycinebetaine Improves Chilling Tolerance in Hybrid Maize

Plant growth and development is hampered by various environmental stresses including chilling. We investigated the possibility of improving chilling tolerance in hybrid maize by glycinebetaine (GB) seed treatments. Maize hybrid (Hycorn 8288) seeds were soaked in 50, 100 and 150 mg l^?1 (p.p.m.) aerated solution of GB for 24 h and were dried back. Treated and untreated seeds were sown at 27 °C (optimal temperature) and at 15 °C (chilling stress) under controlled conditions. Germination and seedling growth was significantly hindered under chilling stress. Moreover, chilling stress significantly reduced the starch metabolism and relative water contents (RWC), and increased the membrane electrolyte leakage. However, activities of antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase) were increased under stress conditions. Seed treatments with GB improved the germination rate, root and shoot length, seedling fresh and dry weights, leaf and root scores, RWC, soluble sugars, α‐amylase activity and antioxidants significantly compared with untreated seeds under optimal and stress conditions. Induction of chilling tolerance was attributed to maintenance of high tissue water contents, reduced membrane electrolyte leakage, and higher antioxidant activities and carbohydrate metabolism. Seed treatment with 100 mg l^?1 GB was the best treatment for improving the performance of hybrid maize under normal and stress conditions compared with control and other levels used.