基于RAPD技术的狼蛛科五种蜘蛛的遗传多样性分析

采用RAPD技术对狼蛛科5种蜘蛛的遗传多样性进行了研究。从100个10 bp寡核苷酸随机引物中筛选出10个有效的随机引物对基因组DNA进行了扩增,共记录187条片段,平均每个引物18.7条。种群内多态位点比例在16.98%~44.20%之间,平均遗传多态度0.112 0,Shannon多样性指数0.162 5。从统计结果来看,5种蜘蛛没有普遍存在的位点,种间遗传多样性较丰富,种内的遗传多样性较低,外部形态相似的种间遗传距离较近,亲缘关系较近。     

Resistance to bifenthrin and resistance mechanisms of different strains of the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) from Turkey

Nine different strains of the two-spotted spider miteTetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) were collected on cotton from Adana, Antalya, Izmir, Manisa and Urfa in Turkey. Their responses to bifenthrin were investigated using conventional bioassay and biochemical assays. LC₅₀ and LC₉₀ values of bifenthrin were determined for all strains by using a residual bioassay with a petri dish-spray tower. Resistance ratios were determined by comparing the samples with a standard susceptible strain, GSS. The resistance ratios of the strains ranged from <1 to 669-fold (at LC₅₀). Of the investigated field strains, only three (two from Adana and one from Urfa) were resistant to bifenthrin. There was a correlation between esterase enzyme activity and bifenthrin resistance according to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and microtiter plate assays in the three resistant strains. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting May 17, 2005.     

拟垫跗螋生物学特性的研究

拟垫跗螋是为害造纸原料荻和芦的害虫（蚜虫、蓟马、螨等）的重要捕食性天敌。在湖南洞庭湖区一年发生２代，以成虫和若虫在残杆、渣叶和土缝中越冬。成虫寿命第１代约４个月，第２代连越冬达１０个月。雌雄性比约５４。雌雄均可多次交尾，有的雌虫产卵后又可交尾。每头雌虫的产卵量平均３９．３粒。卵期平均６．５天。若虫期第１代近４个月，第２代连越冬约９个月。大田消长主要受地势高低、洪水、农药、食物等因素影响。并对保护利用跗螋控制害虫的措施进行了讨论     

Influence of host plant species on the development and reproduction of hawthorn spider mites

A leaf disc bioassay was employed to investigate the influence of host species of deciduous fruit trees, like apple, peach, plum, cherry and apricot, on the development and reproduction of the hawthorn spider mite Tetranychus viennensis Zacher in the laboratory under conditions of 25±1°C, 60±10% RH and a photoperiod of 16 h: 8 h light: dark. This was done by determining the duration of each life stage of the mites, the intrinsic rate of population increase (r _m ), mean generation time (T) and net reproductive rate (R ₀) of the spider mites on each of the host plant species. Differences in life table parameters of the spider mite among host plants were analyzed with the jack-knife method. The results indicated that plum might be the best suitable plant for the spider mite among the plants tested due to shorter developmental period and higher intrinsic rate of increase, whereas cherry and apricot were least suitable due to their long developmental duration and low intrinsic rates of increase. When the spider mites were transferred from apple to other fruit trees, negative effects on developmental duration, fecundity and life table parameters were found in the first generation, but the effects faded out in succeeding generations. When transferred onto plum and peach, the spider mite adapted to the new hosts in the second generation; however, on cherry and apricot, it adapted in the third generation. __________ Translated from Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 27(7) [译自: 生态学报, 2005, 27(7)]     

稻田中性昆虫对群落食物网的调控作用

目的明确中性昆虫蚊虫在茶园节肢动物群落中的地位和作用,为茶园害虫综合防治、科学合理地保护和利用自然天敌提供科学依据。方法对2015、2016年的白毫早茶园和乌牛早茶园及2014、2015年安吉白茶茶园蚊虫及主要害虫与8种蜘蛛类群的关系进行分析,用灰色关联度法和时间生态位相似性系数法分析蚊虫及5种害虫与蜘蛛类群在数量上和时间上的关系,利用通径分析法分析蚊虫及5种害虫对蜘蛛类群的直接和间接作用,运用决策系数R²(j)大小判别蚊虫和5种害虫对蜘蛛类群的作用大小次序。对上述结果进行标准化处理,综合评判,求得与蜘蛛类天敌作用大的前3位食饵。结果在天敌食饵的数量、发生时间与天敌关系的密切程度上,第1位的食饵是双斑长跗萤叶甲,第2位是蚊虫,第3位是茶蚜。3种茶园2个年度的R²(j)值标准化处理综合分析得出：对蜘蛛类天敌作用最大的第1位食饵是假眼小绿叶蝉,第2位是蓟马,第3位是蚊虫。结论由蚊虫作为天敌食饵的地位看出,蚊虫替代害虫对蜘蛛的生长、繁殖起到很大作用。     

几种杀螨剂对3种叶螨的毒力比较

作者于 1 996年对二斑叶螨 (TetranychusurticaeKoch)、朱砂叶螨 [T .cinnabarinus(Boisdural) ]和山楂叶螨 (T .viennensisZacher)进行了三氯杀螨醇、甲氰菊酯、哒螨酮、霸螨灵等 4种杀螨剂的毒力测定 ,并对 3种叶螨在LC50 和LC95水平上 ,比较了相互之间的毒力差别。结果表明 ,二斑叶螨的毒力最高 ,朱砂叶螨次之 ,山楂叶螨毒力最低。     

Resistance in Cucumis sativus L. to Tetranychus urticae Koch. 7. The inheritance of resistance and bitterness and the relation between these characters

Summary The inheritance of resistance to the twospotted spider mite and of bitterness in cucumber has been studied in three sets of P₁, P₂, F₁, F₂, B₁₁ and B₁₂ of crosses between three bitter, resistant lines and one non-bitter, susceptible line. Resistance to the twospotted spider mite as measured by acceptance and oviposition appeared to be determined by several to many genes, which are inherited mainly in an additive fashion. Bitterness is basically governed by the gene Bi, which, contrary to earlier reports, is inherited in an intermediary way, while the expression of Bi is influenced by additively inherited intensifier genes. Whereas Bi and the bitterness intensifier genes are not related to the resistance factors acceptance and oviposition, they are related to resistance or tolerance as measured by the damage index. This relation is explained by linkage rather than by identity of the genes concerned. Changes in the test methods and breeding consequences are discussed.     

红蜘蛛对蚕种生产的危害及防治措施

本调查了用红蜘蛛危害叶饲养原蚕的茧质、死笼率及产卵质量，与对照缃比：全茧量下降１６％～１８％，茧层量下降２０％～２３％，死笼率增加６％左右，产卵量明显减少，减少２０％～２４％，不受精卵率增加。并分析了今春红蜘蛛暴发的原因，提出了防治红蜘蛛的几项措施。     

植绥螨在农业害螨防治中的应用及其评价

对植绥螨在农业害螨生物防治方面的研究应用作了简单介绍,并对植绥螨繁殖利用过程中的突出问题作了简要评述。