林蛙骨肉泥丁的研制

以林蛙为原料，经去皮，去头、采肉、磨骨泥、斩拌（加入林蛙骨泥及其他配料）、铺盘、蒸汽炊熟、切丁、烘烤后制成风味独特的林蛙骨肉泥丁。对配方进行正交试验设计，得出的最佳配方是：白酱油的用量为5％，果葡糖的用量为4％，林蛙肉：林蛙骨泥为80：20。     

蛋白来源与米曲霉对酱油氨基酸组成的影响

本文采用半化学酱油新工艺，对牛肉等5种蛋白质原料经米曲霉发酵前后的游离氨基酸的种类、数量进行了测定;并对照原料的游离氨基酸组成，探讨了米曲霉对发酵液游离氨基酸组成的影响.     

毛豆氮磷钾肥效应及推荐施肥量的研究

通过田间试验研究毛豆施用氮磷钾肥料的效应,结果表明:N2P2K2处理毛豆的平均产量比不施肥处理增产17.9%,说明施肥对毛豆具有显著的增产作用。毛豆施用氮磷钾肥料平均分别增产16.0%、6.8%和6.1%,增产效果为N>P>K。氮磷钾肥的平均产投比分别为4.5、3.2和2.4;氮磷肥在中高肥力土壤的产投比较高,钾肥则在中低肥力土壤的产投比较高。平均推荐施用量为纯N 202 kg/hm2、P2O5 81 kg/hm2和K2O 100 kg/hm2,其预测产量为20 719 kg/hm2,三要素最佳比例为1∶0.40∶0.50。     

Alcalase碱性蛋白酶水解大豆分离蛋白的研究

试验研究了以Alcalase碱性蛋白酶水解大豆分离蛋白制备大豆肽的工艺,分析了温度、pH值、底物浓度、酶与底物浓度比和时间对酶水解的影响。通过均匀设计和统计分析建立了酶水解的数学模型,并以此模型得到了Alcalase碱性蛋白酶水解大豆分离蛋白的最佳水解工艺。工艺参数为温度60℃、pH8．0、底物浓度8．38％、酶与底物浓度比4．5％、水解时间150min,水解度0．220 221。     

Protein and starch digestibilities and mineral availability of products developed from potato,soy and corn flour

A technique for development of potato flour was standardized. Five products viz. cake, biscuit, weaning food, panjiri and ladoo were prepared incorporating potato flour, defatted soy flour and corn flour. Baking and roasting were the major processing techniques employed for the development of these products. Protein, ash and fat contents of potato flour were almost similar to those of raw potatoes. Significant differences in protein, ash and fat contents of all the products were observed. Protein and starch digestibility of potato flour was significantly higher than that of raw potatoes. Protein digestibility increased by 12 to 17 percent on baking or roasting of products. Processed products had significantly higher starch digestibility and mineral availability compared to raw products. Thus, it can be concluded that roasting and baking are effective means of improving starch and protein digestibility and mineral availability of products.     

大豆蛋白挤压组织化过程中生物大分子之间的相互作用

组织化大豆蛋白是现代大豆蛋白工业的重要组成部分,可作为功能助剂或营养强化剂用于乳化肉制品、面制品、乳制品以及仿肉制品的开发。本文概述了大豆蛋白挤压组织化过程中蛋白质、多糖、油脂等生物大分子之间的相互作用。为揭示大豆蛋白挤压组织化机理和大豆组织蛋白的工业化生产提供理论依据。     

Alternative protein sources in diets for Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck and Schlegel): II. Effects on nutrient digestibility and digestive enzyme activity

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to compare the effects of dietary protein sources on nutrient digestibility and digestive enzyme activity. Four experimental diets were formulated to contain one of the following as the sole protein source: fish meal (FM), fish protein concentrate (FPC), soy protein concentrate (SPC) and soy protein isolate (SPI). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate aquaria stocked with 25 Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) each. The dry matter, crude protein and energy digestibility and individual amino acid availability of the SPC‐based diet were significantly lower than those of the other diets. The crude lipid digestibility of soy protein‐based diets was significantly lower than that of the FM‐based diet. The pepsin/protease activity was significantly higher in fish fed fish protein‐based diets compared with fish fed soy protein‐based diets. The lipase activity in fish fed the SPI‐based diet was the highest among the dietary treatments. These results indicate that P. olivaceus can effectively digest the protein from FPC and SPI (but not SPC) as well as FM. The low protein digestibility and amino acid availability of the SPC‐based diet may be related to the non‐protein compounds present in SPC, whereas the low‐lipid digestibility of soy protein‐based diets may contribute to the undigested soy protein fractions and/or the alcohol‐soluble components.     

基于电子鼻技术的鱼露与鱼酿酱油的品质分析

通过电子鼻获取鱼露、鱼酿酱油和生抽的气味信息,进行主成分分析(PCA)、线性判别分析(LDA)和负荷加载分析(Loadings),并结合氨基酸态氮、盐分、全氮和游离氨基酸含量,对比分析3种调味品的品质。结果显示,3种调味品中游离氨基酸种类丰富,鱼露中苏氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、甲硫氨酸、赖氨酸的含量明显高于鱼酿酱油和生抽;生抽和鱼酿酱油中鲜味氨基酸的含量明显高于鱼露,但生抽中必需氨基酸的含量远低于鱼酿酱油和鱼露;3种调味品挥发性成分复杂,电子鼻10个金属传感器能很好地区分3种调味品的挥发性气味,W5S、W1S、W2S号传感器比其他7个传感器有更高的响应值,其中W2S号传感器的响应值变化最显著。这说明电子鼻能较好地区分鱼露、鱼酿酱油和生抽,虽然3种调味品中第1、2主成分相同,但醇类、氮氧化合物类物质对第1、2主成分的贡献率不同。     

Comparative studies on dietary protein requirements of juvenile and on‐growing gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) based on fishmeal‐free diets

Two trials were conducted to investigate protein requirements of juvenile (3.18 g in Trial 1) and on‐growing (87.1 g in Trial 2) gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio var. CAS III. Six isoenergetic diets containing 250–500 g kg^?1 dietary protein were formulated using soy protein concentrate (SPC) and casein as protein sources. The results showed that weight gain (WG) increased when dietary protein increased from 250 to 400 g kg^?1 and decreased at 400 to 500 g kg^?1 CP in Trial 1, while WG increased when dietary protein increased from 250 to 350 g kg^?1 and kept constant at 350 to 500 g kg^?1 CP in Trial 2. With increasing dietary protein, feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased, while protein retention efficiency (PRE) decreased in Trial 1 and was not affected in Trial 2. Apparent digestibility coefficient of protein (ADC_p) increased with increasing dietary protein in two trails. Trypsin activity increased with dietary protein in the juveniles and was not affected in on‐growing fish. Hepatic alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities increased with dietary protein. Broken‐line and quadratic regression of WG estimated that dietary protein requirements for maximum growth were about 402–427 g kg^?1 for the juvenile and 337–418 g kg^?1 for on‐growing gibel carp.     

Performance and immunological responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed bioprocessed plant‐based proteins

Marine‐derived fish meal (FM) is a traditional component of commercial aquaculture feeds for many farmed fish species. Modern bioprocessing technologies have been developed to produce high‐protein plant‐based ingredients for aquafeeds to further reduce FM and other conventional animal protein sources. A 90‐day feeding trial using juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (27.9 ± 1.4 g; mean ± SE) was completed to evaluate growth, feed efficiency, general health and immunological responses to diets containing experimental plant‐based protein sources and reduced FM. Trout were fed one of four dietary treatments: experimental bioprocessed soy protein concentrate (BSPC), commercially available enzymatically hydrolysed soy protein concentrate (CSPC), experimental bioprocessed barley protein concentrate (BBPC) and a FM control (FMC). At trial termination, there were no significant differences in relative growth (RG) or specific growth rate (SGR) between fish fed either FMC or BSPC (p > .05). Fish fed either CSPC or BBPC resulted in significantly lower RG and SGR than the FMC (p < .05). Significant respiratory burst analysis differences were observed among treatments at day 90 (p < .01), for fish fed either FMC or CSPC diets. This assessment of bioprocessed plant‐based protein ingredients facilitates the characterization and incorporation of bioprocessed soy and barley protein as the industry continues to evaluate FM replacements in rainbow trout feeds.