木瓜蛋白酶凝固大豆蛋白质机理

本文研究了木瓜蛋白酶对豆浆的凝固机理，通过酶反应过程中游离氨基和蛋白质表面疏水性的变化，初步确定酶法凝固的机理是在酶的作用下，蛋白质暴露了一些疏水基,并立即通过蛋白质分子间的疏水相互作用结合成凝胶。     

75%咪唑乙烟酸可溶粉大豆田苗前封闭除草田间药效及安全性试验

田间试验结果表明,75%咪唑乙烟酸可溶粉用药量为5.5~11 g/667 m2,喷液量为30 kg/667 m2,此用药量和喷液量用于大豆田苗前封闭除草,可有效控制大豆田整个生育期杂草。特别对苣荬菜、藜、苋、刺菜有显著防效,对稗草、铁苋菜有理想的防除和控制作用。对大豆安全无药害产生,对大豆后期生长和产量不但无不良影响,而且在株高等方面还有一定的促进作用。     

利用大豆浓缩蛋白乳清制备水苏糖的发酵条件

利用酵母对大豆浓缩蛋白乳清进行发酵处理制备水苏糖.在确定最佳起始发酵液的糖度为31.8Brix后,对温度、pH、接种量、装液量等工艺条件进行了单因素试验及正交试验,结果表明最佳发酵条件为:温度32°C,pH5.5,接种量8%,在此发酵条件下利用酵母对大豆浓缩蛋白乳清进行发酵处理48 h,水苏糖的纯度达到了90%,保留率为68%.     

蚯蚓蛋白水解酶对大豆蛋白的分解作用

通过琼脂糖蛋白平板及水解度测定两种方法从定性、定量两个方面研究了蚯蚓蛋白水解酶对大豆蛋白的分解作用．同时测定并比较了蚯蚓豆粕反应物的氨基酸含量。结果表明．蚯蚓蛋白水解酶对大豆蛋白具有一定的酶解活性．其水解度达2．75％。利用蚯蚓处理豆粕,反应物中多种氨基酸含量均有不同程度增加,氨基酸总量与豆粕相比上升了27．83％,而且各种必需氨基酸的比例也更趋合理。因此,利用蚯蚓蛋白水解酶对大豆蛋白的分解作用可以有效地改善豆粕饲料的品质．     

用豆油代替鱼油对虹鳟生长、非特异性免疫和组织酶活性的影响

研究了用豆油代替鱼油对体重为（33．75±0．28）g虹鳟Oncorhynchus mykiss生长性能、免疫和组织酶活性的影响。试验共分4个处理,每个处理设3个重复,每个重复放80尾鱼,分别添加18％（质量分数,下同）鱼油（G1组）、6％鱼油＋12％豆油（G2组）、3％鱼油＋15％豆油（G3组）和18％豆油（G4组）。试验期间水温为12．5～16．5℃,溶解氧为7．8～10mg／L,每天饲喂2次,试验共进行8周。结果表明：豆油部分或全部代替鱼油对虹鳟试验末体重、体长、肥满度、特定生长率、饵料系数和日增重未产生显著影响（P〉0．05）,G2组试验末体重、特定生长率、日增重分别较对照组（G1组）提高7．99％、11．85％和13．89％,饵料系数下降12．82％。与G1组相比,G3组鱼血浆和肝脏中碱性磷酸酶活性显著提高（P〈0．05）,肝脏和肾脏中酸性磷酸酶的活性显著提高（P〈0．01）;G4组鱼肝脏中溶菌酶活性显著降低（P〈0．05）,G2、G3组也呈下降趋势,但差异不显著;各试验组鱼鳃中丙二醛活性显著（P〈0．05）或极显著降低（P〈0．05）;G3组鱼肝脏中过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性显著升高（P〈0．05）,12;3、G4组鱼肾脏中CAT也显著升高（P〈0．05）。可见,用豆油可以部分代替鱼油用于虹鳟生产,但用豆油完全代替鱼油会影响虹鳟鱼体的免疫力。试验表明,用添加质量分数为6％鱼油＋12％豆油的饲料饲养虹鳟时,虹鳟的生产性能最好。     

大豆异黄酮对去卵巢大鼠脾脏NGF、IL 2蛋白表达的影响

为了探讨大豆异黄酮（SI）对去卵巢大鼠脾脏中神经生长因子（NGF）、白细胞介素2（IL-2）蛋白表达的影响,本研究在成功建立去卵巢大鼠模型的基础上,对去卵巢大鼠分别隔天皮下注射高（1.5 mg·kg-1）、中（1.0 mg·kg-1）、低（0.5 mg·kg-1 ）剂量的SI,假手术组（仅手术而不去卵巢）和溶媒组（去卵巢）大鼠隔天皮下注射溶媒剂（乙醇）。补充SI至14 d和42 d时,每组随机剖杀5只大鼠,采用免疫组织化学方法,对大鼠脾脏NGF、IL-2蛋白的表达变化进行研究。结果表明,脾脏中广泛分布着NGF、IL-2蛋白,主要分布于被膜下方的红髓区,在白髓分布量极少。去卵巢后,大鼠脾脏中NGF、IL-2蛋白的表达强度和阳性细胞数目均显著下降,而且随着去除卵巢时间的延长下降加剧。体外补充SI后14 d,各剂量组和42 d低、中剂量组仅有部分恢复,变化不显著;补充高剂量SI 42 d后,脾脏NGF、IL-2蛋白的表达强度和阳性细胞数目基本恢复至假手术组的水平。大豆异黄酮能上调NGF、IL-2蛋白在脾脏内的表达,并呈现时间和剂量的依赖性。     

大豆蛋白的结构、营养及功能性质的研究进展

简要综述了大豆分离蛋白、大豆伴球蛋白及大豆球蛋白的结构、营养价值及功能等方面的研究进展,对大豆蛋白在食品体系中的广泛应用提供参考。     

米曲霉高产蛋白酶菌株的选育及在酱油酿造中的应用研究

[目的]筛选蛋白酶活力高的菌株酿造酱油.[方法]通过对沪酿3042米曲霉进行紫外线和LiCl复合诱变, 筛选高产蛋白酶突变株,并对其遗传稳定性和产生的蛋白酶性质进行研究,同时将该突变株应用于酱油酿造试验.[结果]通过诱变得到高产蛋白酶突变株米曲霉UF366, 其蛋白酶活力达1 440 U/g,比对照提高了33.3;.UF366菌株的遗传稳定性好,在pH 7.2,40℃时其中性蛋白酶活力最高;在90℃处理30 min,蛋白酶活力完全丧失.[结论]采用UF366米曲霉发酵的酱油氨基酸态氮和全氮分别为0.637和1.14 g/100 mL,与出发菌株沪酿3042米曲霉相比分别提高了36.7;和39.0;.     

Life cycle fitness differences in Daphnia magna fed Roundup‐Ready soybean or conventional soybean or organic soybean

A lifelong feeding study with soybean from different production systems was carried out in the crustacean Daphnia magna (water flea), an acknowledged model organism for ecotoxicological studies. Experimental diets were prepared with soybean meal from different agriculture production systems: (i) genetically modified Roundup‐Ready soy (Glyphosate‐Tolerant), (ii) conventional soy and (iii) soy from organic agriculture (agriculture with neither synthetic pesticides nor synthetic fertilizers). Overall, feed produced from organic soybeans resulted in the highest fitness (higher survival, better growth and fecundity) in the model organism. Animals fed Roundup‐Ready soybean consistently performed less well compared to animals fed either conventional or organic soybeans. We conclude that accumulation of herbicide residues in Roundup‐Ready soy and related nutritional differences between the soy types may have caused the observed fitness differences. The results accentuate the need for further research clarifying qualitative aspects, including potential large‐scale consequences for food and feed quality, of this dominant crop.     

Utilization of monounsaturated fatty acid (18:1n-9, oleic acid) by freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) juveniles

The utilization of oleic acid as an energy source and the effects of oleic acid levels and/or dietary soy bean lecithin (SBL) on oleic acid utilization, growth and survival, and lipid class and fatty acid compositions of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man), juveniles were determined.
Increase in levels of dietary oleic acid from 10 to 80 g kg⁻¹ significantly ( P ≤ 0.05) reduced growth, survival and feed conversion efficiency of M. rosenbergii juveniles during the 40-day feeding period. Inclusion of 20 g kg⁻¹ SBL had no significant effect ( P ≥ 0.05) on growth and survival, nor was there any interactive effect between dietary SBL and oleic acid levels.
Body fatty acid profile of prawns reflected dietary fatty acid quantity. The fatty acid composition of prawns fed diets containing 80 g kg⁻¹ oleic acid had tremendously high proportions of oleic acid. Polar lipids, mostly phosphatidylcholine (PC), constituted the bulk of the extracted total lipids. Prawns fed with SBL had significantly ( P ≥ 0.05) higher PC content.
Oleic acid was metabolized for energy by M. rosenbergii juveniles at the same rate regardless of dietary level of SBL and/or oleic acid. Expired ¹⁴CO₂ accounted for half of the ingested radioactivity 48 h after feeding with labelled diets. No significant difference in the amount of ¹⁴CO₂ expired by prawns fed the labelled test diets was found. Per cent radioactivity ingested and absorbed into the body was also not significantly different in prawns of the different dietary treatments.