外源有机质存在下钙铝交互作用对茶园土壤铝的吸附能力与活性的影响

通过实验室模拟,研究不同含量外源有机质存在下（5%、10%和15%）,钙铝交互作用（钙/铝摩尔浓度比为1∶2、1∶1和2∶1）对茶园土壤铝的吸附能力和活性的影响。结果表明,钙铝交互作用显著增加了茶园土壤对铝的吸附量,外源有机质对钙铝交互作用下茶园土壤铝的吸附作用影响不明显;钙铝交互作用使茶园土壤水溶态铝含量增加,交换态铝含量下降,且随钙/铝比的增大交换态铝含量下降越显著;但外源有机质使钙铝交互作用下茶园土壤的水溶态铝含量下降,同时交换态铝含量显著增加。总的看,外源有机质使钙铝交互作用下茶园土壤活性铝含量增加,且随外源有机质含量的增加,活性铝含量增加的越显著。     

Discussion on the Green Tax Stimulation Measure of Nitrogen Fertilizer Non- Point Source Pollution Control - Taking the Dongting Lake Area in China as a Case

A study on designing the tax of nitrogen fertilizer can provide a new method for controlling nitrogen fertilizer non-point source pollution. The tax design of nitrogen fertilizer was discussed by utilizing the external theory and the demand elasticity theory. The results indicated that the coefficient of price elasticity of nitrogen fertilizer demand is -0.21, which instructed that the market demand is in lack of elasticity in the short period and the impact of nitrogen fertilizer manufacturers is subtle. The 11 counties (cities and boroughs) in the Dongting Lake area in China, where the farmland nitrogen application surpassed the average ecological fertilization dosage, is listed to the taxation scope of nitrogen fertilizer tax. The environment loss will reduce 0.07 hundred million RMB yuan and the revenue will increase 0.89 hundred million RMB yuan in the country after levying on nitrogen fertilizer. The loss, which was brought by the decreasing food supplies production, will be 0.58 hundred million RMB yuan and the net social benefit will be 0.38 hundred million RMB yuan following revenue collection. The variation scope of the increasing expenditure of farmers will range from 0.95 to 1.49%. The variation scope of the income of farmers will range from -8.41 to 6.44%. The 5 areas, Yunxi Borough, Junshan Borough, Hanshou County, Jinshi City, and Ziyang Borough, had an increase in food supplies production after the revenue collection. The environment loss will reduce 0.01 hundred million RMB yuan and the revenue will increase 0.16 hundred million RMB yuan in the country after levying on nitrogen fertilizer. The economic benefits, which was brought by the increasing cereals production, will be 0.67 hundred million RMB yuan and the net social benefit will be 0.84 hundred million RMB yuan after revenue collection. The variation scope of the increasing expenditure of farmers will range from 0.95 to 1.06%. The variation scope of the increasing income of farmers will range from 0.69 to 6.44%. Considering the entire social welfare, taxation of nitrogen fertilizer will have more advantages than disadvantages in the Dongting Lake area.     

开阳县水源水质调查与分析

为了开发利用地下水资源,对开阳３３个地面和２２个地下水点的水源进行了调查,并对其水质进行分析研究。结果表明,开阳县的地面水源和地下水源的水质良好,均未检出氰化物、挥发酚、砷、汞、六价铬等有害物质,达到国家Ⅰ类水质标准,可作为生活用水、灌溉用水和养殖用水水源,应进一步开发利用。     

Evidence of genotype–diet interactions in the response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) clones to a diet with or without fishmeal at early growth

This study examined the genetic variability and genotype × diet interactions during early growth (initial mean body weight 1.2 g) among seven heterozygous clones of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. The clones were hand-fed a diet containing either fishmeal or plant proteins during a 49-day trial divided into two periods (P1, 26 days, and P2, 23 days). Weight, variation of weight within clone, feed intake, feed efficiency and mortality were calculated for both periods.There was a highly significant effect of diet and of clone for all traits at both periods, except for feed efficiency and mortality at P1. Highly significant interactions between diet and clone were also recorded for all these traits, except for mortality at P1. The occurrence of genotype × diet interactions when feeding juvenile rainbow trout with an all plant-protein diet indicates that a highly performing genotype on a fishmeal diet may perform poorly when fed a plant-protein diet. Interactions were found for the two major determinants of growth, i.e. feed intake and feed efficiency, showing that the dietary response differs according to the genotype. Monitoring of the within-clone variability of weight showed that a plant-based diet is likely to enhance the overall phenotypic variance in a population, whatever its initial genetic variability.     

大菱鲆幼鱼对几种蛋白质源中营养物质的表观消化率及膨化处理对其产生的影响

本试验旨在研究大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus L.)对秘鲁红鱼粉、豆粕、葵花粕和玉米蛋白粉中干物质、粗蛋白质、氨基酸和总能的表观消化率,以及膨化处理对其产生的影响。试验饲料由70%基础饲料和30%待测蛋白质源组成,并添加0.1%的三氧化二钇(Y2O3)作为外源指示剂,将其分别制作成正常颗粒料和膨化颗粒料。将平均体重为(8.98±0.01)g的大菱鲆幼鱼随机分成10组,每组3个重复,每个重复40尾鱼,按照不同处理分别投喂相应饲料,喂养2周后采用后肠挤压法收集粪便样品至第6周。结果表明:大菱鲆幼鱼对4种蛋白质源中干物质、粗蛋白质、总氨基酸和总能的表观消化率分别为22.33%~65.50%、48.97%~85.28%、47.70%~84.14%和44.50%~81.16%。其中,秘鲁红鱼粉的各营养物质的表观消化率均显著高于3种植物蛋白质源(P0.05);3种植物蛋白质源中以豆粕中粗蛋白质的表观消化率最高,葵花粕次之,玉米蛋白粉最低;各待测蛋白质源中总氨基酸表观消化率的变化趋势与粗蛋白质表观消化率基本一致。经膨化处理后,大菱鲆对4种蛋白质源中营养物质的表观消化率均得到改善,尤其是3种植物蛋白质源,效果显著(P0.05),膨化处理后4种蛋白质源中干物质、粗蛋白质、总氨基酸和总能的表观消化率分别为24.26%~70.87%、57.20%~85.33%、68.27%~87.09%和49.23%~84.35%。由此得出,膨化处理能够提高大菱鲆幼鱼对秘鲁红鱼粉、豆粕、葵花粕和玉米蛋白粉中营养物质的表观消化率。     

直流电源对汽车用继电器调整的影响

汽车用继电器的触点动作电压值随作用的直流电源不同而发生较大变化。由于实际调试中对该问题没有引起足够的重视,以致影响了汽车上其它电气设备的正常工作,增加了汽车电气系统的故障,降低了使用寿命。本文通过理论与实际研究,指出了不同直流电源对车用继电器调整时产生的影响,并指出了调试中应注意的问题。     

国际金融危机应对措施的评析与我国经济法律制度的完善

从政治经济学的角度分析,此次金融危机无非是资本主义固有的基本矛盾在新的历史阶段的一次周期性的爆发,西方各国采取的经济法律措施也无法从根本上解决危机的根源。而危机对我国的影响及警示不仅在于克服危机对社会经济造成的短期冲击,从长远看,更应该从完善社会保障、优化产业结构、促进经济稳定的法律制度层面做好危机的预防与控制工作,为...