丹江口水库水源区水土保持生态环境建设与发展对策

河南省淅川县是南水北调中线工程渠首所在地。全面地分析了该县水土流失的原因、危害。查找了水土保持工作存在的主要问题 ,并提出了淅川县今后水土保持生态环境建设与发展对策。     

城市雨水径流非点源污染研究进展

城市雨水径流污染是城市非点源污染最主要的类型,具有随机性强、面积广、成分复杂等特点,对其研究有着重要意义。通过对国内外城市非点源污染机理、模型等研究进展的讨论,提出今后我国城市非点源污染研究的发展方向。     

Annual Energy Consumption and Feasibility Assessment of Ground -Source Heat Pump in Residential Building in Fuzhou City

This paper describes the annual energy consumption and economic assessment of air-source heat pump(ASHP) and ground-source heat pump(GSHP),based on hourly building load of typical house in Fuzhou.Analysis results show that the energy consumption of GSHP is 15% less than that of ASHP through all year,where there is 13% less in summer and 20% less in winter.Although the seasonal energy efficiency ratio of GSHP in Fuzhou is higher than that of ASHP,it has no obvious effect on the energy efficiency as it is in the hot summer and cold winter zone.In comparison with ASHP,the GSHP is not cost-effective.     

Exogenous protease supplementation of poultry by‐product meal‐based diets for broilers: Effects on growth,carcass characteristics and nutrient digestibility

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of three levels (0%, 3% and 6%) of poultry by‐product meal (PBM) with or without protease on broiler growth, carcass characteristics and nutrient digestibility from 1 to 35 days. Two hundred and forty birds (n = 240) were fed equi‐caloric and equi‐nitrogenous (ME 2850 kcal/kg; CP 20%) diets throughout the experiment. The enzyme supplementation increased feed intake (p < .01) and body weight gain (p < .01), but feed:gain remained unaffected (p > .05) from 1 to 21 days. Increasing level of PBM decreased feed intake (p < .05), but body weight gain was improved (p < .05) at 3% PBM level during 1 to 21 days. The feed:gain was improved (p < .05) in birds fed diets containing 3% PBM. The feed:gain was also improved in birds fed diets containing 3% PBM from 1 to 35 days. However, feed intake and body weight gain in birds fed diets containing PBM remained unaffected. An interaction (p < .01) on feed intake between enzyme and PBM was noticed during 1 to 21 days. However, no interaction was recorded for body weight gain and feed:gain. The per cent carcass yield improved (p < .01) in birds fed diets supplemented with enzyme. The per cent breast meat yield was depressed (p < .005) in birds fed diets containing PBM. Apparent metabolizable energy (p < .001), nitrogen retention (p < .01), apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (p < .001), and apparent digestibility coefficient for nitrogen (p < .01) improved in birds fed diets containing enzyme; however, a reverse was noticed in those fed diets containing only PBM. In conclusion, inclusion of 3% PBM along with supplementation of exogenous protease improved performance and nutrient digestibility in broilers.     

小流域非点源污染模拟与生态修复影响评价

[目的]基于各流域场次降雨径流过程和非点源污染负荷模拟分析,评价小流域生态建设对密云水库流域水文过程和污染防控效果影响,为水源地保护、流域山水林田湖一体化修复和生态环境建设提供科学依据。[方法]以北京市重要饮用水源地密云水库上游蛇鱼川小流域为研究对象,利用EcoHAT-LCM模型和传统大尺度非点源污染模型相结合的模式进行模拟分析,并设置情景,分析评价小流域生态建设效果。[结果]随着场次雨量的增加,吸附态N,P负荷占污染负荷总量的比重在逐渐增加,溶解态N,P负荷占污染负荷总量的比重在逐渐减少。小流域内居民点具有小城镇级别的垃圾处理率和垃圾入网率时,农村生活N,P污染负荷可以削减28%;减少经济林的现有施肥量,农业生产活动的N,P污染负荷能够削减43.9%和48.9%。[结论]研究区域不同频次暴雨对吸附态N,P负荷的影响大于对溶解态N,P负荷的影响。生态修复措施对N,P污染负荷削减作用显著。     

兴山县香溪河流域农业源氮磷排放估算及时空特征分析

基于典型调查与统计分析,应用排污系数法估算了兴山县香溪河流域2007-2013年种植业源、畜禽养殖业源和农村生活源TN、TP污染物的排放量,并对排放量、排放强度及其时空格局进行了分析。结果表明,香溪河流域农业面源污染TN、TP年均排放量分别为 1 145.2、56.5 t·a^-1,排放强度分别为44.5、2.14 kg·hm^-2·a^-1.农业源TN和TP的年排放量逐年增加,2013年较2007年增幅分别为38.0%和85.1%,TN:TP为21:1,TN排放占主导,为香溪河流域兴山县段重点防控指标。从各类污染源贡献来看,畜禽养殖业源是TN的主要贡献源,占农业源污染总量的77.9%;种植业源是TP的主要贡献源,占55.4%.从不同源氮磷排放量空间格局来看,各乡镇中水月寺镇、黄粮镇和峡口镇的TN、TP排放量均最高。从氮磷排放强度空间格局来看,峡口镇、高桥乡和黄粮镇对TN排放强度最高;峡口镇、昭君镇和黄粮镇对TP排放强度最高。     

澜沧江源区浮游植物群落特征及其对水质的指示作用

为了探究澜沧江源区水生态现状与变化趋势,在干流囊谦段布置多昌、扎曲大桥及香达3个监测点,支流选择子曲的下拉秀、尕麻和野吉尼玛3个监测点,共计6个监测点位,于2016年7月(夏季)和10月(秋季)对澜沧江源区干流及其支流浮游植物进行了调查,以期为三江源区水生态保护与管理提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)记录浮游植物7门、47种,其中硅藻(21种)和绿藻(14种)为主要成分,分别占总种类数的45%和30%;时空差异明显,夏季较秋季种类丰富,支流较干流种类丰富;优势种以硅藻为主,其中针杆藻(Synedra sp.)为两季度绝对优势种;(2)澜沧江源区浮游植物密度为5.4×10~4～230×10~4个/L,平均密度为79×10~4个/L,硅藻贡献最大;时空差异明显,秋季高于夏季,支流高于干流;(3)浮游植物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)夏季为2.32,秋季为2.72,Pielou均匀度指数(J)夏季为0.73,秋季为0.70。研究显示,澜沧江源区水质介于极贫营养至中营养之间,处于轻度污染至无污染状态,水生态状况整体优良。     

稻曲病侵染机制的初步研究

2009 ～2011年对稻曲病的侵染机制进行了初步研究.结果表明,稻曲病菌厚垣孢子的生存力很强,即使在-20℃的低温条件下也可保持8个月以上的活性,揭示厚垣孢子完全可以成为来年稻曲病的初侵染来源;在水稻的苗期、分蘖期、孕穗期和齐穗期分别对其进行药剂处理,孕穗期处理的防效最高,均超过90％,与其他处理间有极显著的差异,揭示孕穗期是稻曲病菌侵染的关键期;水稻不同播期对稻曲病的发生密切相关,抗性越强的品种分期播种对稻曲病的影响越低.     

秸秆还田对稻田磷素径流损失的影响

[目的]通过研究秸秆还田对稻田磷素径流损失及其对环境的影响,探索减少径流损失、提高巢湖水质的有效耕作措施。[方法]以巢湖流域稻田为研究对象,采用野外定位观测试验结合室内分析的研究方法。[结果]径流液TP含量为0.087～0.495 mg/L。PP是稻田P素随径流迁移的主要形态,约占TP的40%～70%。秸秆还田能够降低水稻生育前期径流液TP、DP和PP的浓度,减少P素径流流失风险。在当地常规耕作条件下(CT),2008和2009年稻季P素径流流失负荷分别为222.76和297.17 g/hm2,P肥表观流失率分别为0.68%和0.91%,平均为0.79%。与CT相比,秸秆还田处理(CTS)P素径流流失负荷分别减少了5.13%和18.98%,平均为12.05%。[结论]秸秆还田作为源头控制稻田磷素流失的较好措施可以在巢湖流域使用。     

To sea or not to sea? Multiple lines of evidence reveal the contribution of non‐diadromous recruitment for supporting endemic fish populations within New Zealand's longest river

相似文献