冀北山地杨桦次生林林分空间结构研究

在木兰林管局桃山林场选取面积为100 m×100 m的杨桦次生林样地,以每株林木树高、胸径和坐标为基础数据,运用混交度、大小比数和角尺度等林分空间结构参数分析了杨桦次生林的空间结构特征。结果表明:(1)该林分中山杨Populus davidiana和白桦Betula platyphylla在株数和断面积比例上占优势,为林分内优势树种;(2)林分各混交类型的比例相差不大,林分整体呈中度混交状态;(3)林分优势木和亚优势木相对较多,基于胸径、树高得到的平均大小比数结果基本一致,均能客观反映林分的分化规律;(4)林分平均角尺度为0.504,属于随机分布,林下伴生树种以集聚分布为主,但优势树种的随机分布趋势起决定作用。     

Improved management of mango fruit though orchard and packinghouse treatments to reduce lenticel discoloration and prevent decay

Mango fruit are exposed to complex postharvest handling management, intended to improve postharvest quality retention during export shipment. Susceptibility to lenticel discoloration and to Alternaria side rots and Phomopsis stem-end rot under current handling conditions led us to re-evaluate and modify the chain of postharvest treatments, from the orchard to the packinghouse. The previously developed hot-water brushing (HWB) treatment was found effective in reducing incidence of Alternaria and stem-end rots, but it significantly induced development of red lenticels. Two factors were key to improving fruit quality, by simultaneously reducing lenticel discoloration and decay development: (a) postharvest water and/or NaOH washes in the orchard, and (b) hot-water spray (HWS) applied over rollers without brushes in the packinghouse. The present results indicate that optimal management involves combinations of water washes in the orchard with packinghouse HWS treatment; this significantly reduced the severity of lenticel discoloration by 50–60%, and the incidence and extent of postharvest side rots caused by Alternaria by 60% or more. These results indicate that appropriate handling of fruit can appreciably improve their quality during prolonged storage and shipment.     

大花萱草对水分胁迫的光合响应

对黄色(T1)、金黄色(T2)和红色(T3)3个不同大花萱草的品系进行水分胁迫,利用CI- 340便携式光合仪测定了其水分胁迫下叶片的光合特性.结果表明:3种大花萱草的光合速率日变化呈双峰曲线,在中午有明显的“午休”现象,干旱处理下的3种大花萱草光合速率明显低于对照;随胁迫程度的增大,各品系的光合速率均呈缓慢增加然后迅速降低的变化趋势,T1黄色品系表现出较强的光合能力,T3红色品系其次,T2金黄色品系的光合能力表现最弱.     

基于耕地质量成果的上海市耕地占补平衡运行机制研究

在对我国耕地占补平衡问题分析的基础上,结合占补平衡耕地质量内涵和上海市耕地质量成果应用条件分析,构建以数量平衡为前提的耕地质量占补平衡运行机制。该机制框架包括耕地质量评估和监测机制、占补平衡指标储备机制、占补平衡指标跨区使用机制和占补平衡实施经济保障机制等4个方面,以为完善耕地占补平衡制度提供依据。     

商品有机肥对水稻生长、产量及稻米品质影响

以上海目前正在推广的商品有机肥为研究对象,以有机无机结合施肥的方式,围绕高产、优质、安全的生产目标,通过田间小区试验,表明在一定量的氮化肥条件下,增施商品有机肥对水稻有显著的增产作用。土壤肥力中等地区,水稻田以基施商品有机肥4500~6000 kg/hm2,再施氮化肥225~255 kg/hm2为宜,从而大幅度地降低氮化肥的用量;通过对稻米品质和土壤分析,明确了增施商品有机肥可提高稻米品质,改善土壤理化性状。     

单生育期水分胁迫对温室葡萄根际土壤酶活性及微生物群落的影响

为明确单生育期水分胁迫对土壤酶活性和微生物群落结构的影响,选取5a生'红地球'鲜食葡萄为试验材料,采用单因素完全随机试验设计,以全生育期充分供水为对照(CK),依次在葡萄5个生育期分别设置轻度(M)和重度(S)两个水分胁迫水平进行大田试验,利用Illumina高通量测序技术分析土壤微生物的群落构成和多样性.结果表明:葡...     

不同灌水处理对小桐子生长及耐盐性的影响

为研究不同灌水处理对小桐子生长及耐盐性的影响,取1 a生小桐子幼苗为试验材料,设置19.80,19.80和39.60(交替灌溉),39.60 mm 3个水平的灌水处理;3个水平的施盐处理:每50 g风干土中NaCl分析纯为0,0.15,0.30 g,并监测小桐子的形态,根区Na⁺环境以及植物体Na⁺累积的情况.结果表明:小桐子有一定的耐盐性,受到每50 g风干土中含有0.30 g NaCl分析纯盐胁迫时,交替灌溉处理更有利于小桐子的生长;随着盐浓度的增大,小桐子根区土壤电导率增大的幅度逐渐减小,同时,盐浓度的增大使土层中Na⁺含量增大的幅度也逐渐减小,小桐子干样中各器官Na⁺含量从大到小依次为叶片、根部、茎;19.80 和39.60 mm交替的灌溉方式比39.60 mm灌溉方式节水25%,但小桐子的生长并未受到影响,且各器官钠离子含量差异不具有统计学意义.本试验条件下,受到不同程度盐胁迫的小桐子,19.80和39.60 mm交替的灌溉方式更有利于小桐子生长,提高其耐盐性.     

Assessment of the IgG index in dogs by indirect immunoenzimatic assays as diagnostic tool for inflammatory diseases of central nervous system

The IgG index measures the intrathecal immunoglobulin production and it is a useful tool for diagnosis of inflammatory diseases involving the central nervous system. This index is based on the precise quantification of albumin and IgG in canine cerebrospinal fluid and serum. Here, we report the development of an indirect competitive ELISAs for the detection of both antigens. Thirty-two dogs were included in this study, divided into three experimental groups. Group A was composed of 22 healthy animals, as determined by standard clinical examination. In group B, six animals, presented neurological pathologies associated with endogenous IgG production and, in group C four animals presented neurological diseases or symptoms not associated with intrathecal IgG production. Cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples were obtained from these animals. As expected, by using the indirect ELISAs proposed here, the IgG indexes obtained in healthy animals (A) were 0.371+/-0.252 (SD). In B and C, the values (3.002+/-1.897; 0.36+/-0.306, respectively), were in agreement with the pathologic conditions of the individuals in each group. Thus, the immunometric competition ELISA methods proposed here allow the discrimination of abnormal intrathecal IgG production, in a variety of inflammatory pathologic conditions of the central nervous system.     

论新时期科技期刊青年编辑人才的创新素质

高素质的青年编辑人才是科技期刊发展的关键力量,其中创新素质起着举足轻重的作用。青年编辑在成长过程中,应该以正确理解科技期刊中的创新性和科技期刊编辑的刨新素质为前提,不断提高人文修养、注重知识的广度和深度、加强自身专业修养、加强主观能动性,从而达到提高创新素质的目的。     

饲粮n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸比例对畜禽健康和产品品质的影响

现今人类膳食中n-6多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)大多都是过量的,但n-3 PUFA却严重不足.研究表明,n-6/n-3 PUFA比例平衡对畜禽健康和产品品质有着重要意义,n-6/n-3 PUFA比例平衡成为当下最受关注的问题.本文综述了n-6/n-3 PUFA比例平衡的营养生理作用以及对畜禽产品品质的影响及如何改善畜禽产品中的n-6/n-3 PUFA比例.