不同硅处理方式对干旱胁迫下大麦萌发的影响

【目的】研究不同处理方式下不同浓度的硅对干旱胁迫下大麦萌发的影响,综合评价各处理下大麦幼苗的抗旱性,确定最佳处理。【方法】分别在种子发芽前使用硅溶液浸种(A处理)和在种子发芽的培养过程中向发芽盒里加硅培养液(B处理)两种方式处理新啤6号大麦种子,两种方式均设置0.0、0.5、1.0、1.5和2.0 mmol/L Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O浓度水平,研究对干旱胁迫下大麦发芽指标、形态指标和生长量的影响。【结果】A处理下随着硅浓度的增加发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、根长、芽长、芽鞘长、根数、根和芽的鲜重与干重均呈现先增加后降低的趋势,而根芽比呈先降低后增加的趋势,发芽率无显著变化。B处理下0.0和0.5 mmol/L Na₂SiO₃·9H₂O浓度下各指标均无显著差异,1.0～2.0浓度区间内根芽比随硅浓度增加呈降低趋势,其他各指标随硅浓度增加而增加。【结论】1.0 mmol/L Na₂SiO₃·9H₂     

Effects of silicon on the germination,growth and physiology activity of Zea mays L. seedlings under PH stress

Silicon(Si) has a significant function in reducing abiotic stresses on plants. pH stress is one of abiotic stresses. We investigated the effects of silicon on maize seedlings under pH stress. The results showed that incorporation of Si (2.0?mM (mmol)) into pH 3.0 increased the growth, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, decreased catalase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase enzyme activity and malondialdehyde content. The combined treatments with Si (8.0?mM) and pH 3.0 decreased the maize growth compare with the single pH (3.0). Incorporation of Si (2.0 or 8.0?mM) into pH 8.0 were obviously unchanged compare with the single pH (8.0). The combined or single effects of Si (2.0 or 8.0?mM) and pH (3.0 or 8.0) on germination percentage were negligible. The application of Si (2.0?mM) could be a better strategy for improving the plant growth and alleviating low pH stress in soil.     

喷施钾钙硅制剂改善高温胁迫水稻叶片光合性能提高产量

为探明喷施钾、钙和硅制剂对高温热害下水稻光合作用及产量的调控效应,以水稻品种陵两优268为研究对象,持续3 d对叶片分别喷施22.04 mmol/L KH2PO4溶液(T1)、20.0 mmol/L CaCl2溶液(T2)和2.5 mmol/L Na2Si O3·9H 2O溶液(T3),以喷施蒸馏水为对照(CK),测定了3种制剂预处理后对高温胁迫(日均气温35℃)下水稻剑叶光合、荧光参数和产量的影响,并用隶属函数法综合评价了钾、钙和硅制剂处理的水稻剑叶光合作用抗高温能力。结果表明:喷施钾、钙、硅制剂均能提高高温胁迫下水稻的产量,T1、T2和T3分别比CK增产42.67%、29.70%和20.01%(P0.05)。与CK相比,在高温胁迫处理第5 d和高温结束后的第5 d,喷施钾、钙、硅制剂皆可提高水稻剑叶光饱和点、最大净光合速率(Pmax)(P0.05)、光适应下光系统Ⅱ最大光化学效率(Fv?/Fm?)(P0.05)、光系统Ⅱ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)和光化学猝灭系数(qP),降低非光化学猝灭系数(non-photochemical quenching coefficient, NPQ)(P0.05),叶片光合活性高;钾、钙、硅制剂对提高水稻剑叶光合性能抗高温的能力大小依次为T1T2T3,以喷施22.04mmol/LKH2PO4溶液效果最好,喷施20.0 mmol/L CaCl2溶液次之。     

不同供氮水平下加硅对香蕉生长与氮营养的影响

采用砂培方法,探讨在正常供氮(200mg/L)和高供氮条件下(400mg/L)加硅对3个香蕉品种生长与氮营养的影响。结果表明:正常供氮和高供氮条件下加硅显著影响3个香蕉品种的生物量、根系活力、硝态氮含量、全氮与硅含量,显著影响氮、硅在根系与地上部分的分配比例,不同品种香蕉响应特征不同,香蕉硅氮代谢相互影响。加硅对宝岛蕉和威廉斯蕉地上部分生物量或根系生物量在2个供氮水平间的变化规律影响不显著,加硅降低或提高这种变化程度。巴西蕉在正常供氮条件下、宝岛蕉和威廉斯蕉在高供氮条件下,加硅提高根系活力,分别较对照提高46.0%、38.4%和1.86倍;加硅降低巴西蕉根系氮与叶片氮含量比例,宝岛蕉、威廉斯蕉在正常供氮条件下加硅提高根系中氮/假茎氮含量比例;加硅显著提高香蕉叶片硅含量,较对照提高17.6%～102.3%;加硅对根系和假茎硅含量影响分别与供氮水平与香蕉品种有关;高氮不加硅条件下,根系中硅含量与氮含量呈显著正相关。     

硅肥对水稻增产提质抗病虫的影响研究进展

在"两减一增"目标下的农业生产要打破常规的惯性思维,科学布局;在减少使用化肥农药的情况下,笔者认为可以通过合理施用硅肥来实现稳产增产。本文综合阐述了硅肥施用对水稻增产提质,提高水稻对病虫害的抗性以及对重金属镉吸收转运的影响,使广大稻农意识到使用硅肥的重要性。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)测定土壤中有效硅

利用ICP-AES测定土壤中有效硅含量,经分析可得出ICP-AES测得的数据在精确度和准确度上均能满足实验的要求;说明ICP-AES可以作为一种快速、简捷的测试手段。     

硅肥对水稻产量、品质及抗倒伏特性的影响

研究不同硅肥对宁化河龙贡米产量、品质和抗倒伏性状的影响,以期为宁化河龙贡米的可持续稳定发展提供技术支撑。以‘玉针香’为试验材料,设置3个不同硅肥处理[森夫硅肥(S1)、蔡德龙ETDA硅肥(S2)、不施硅肥（S0,对照）],调查不同硅肥处理对‘玉针香’产量形成、品质及茎秆形态和力学特征相关性状的影响。结果表明,施用S1处理森夫硅肥和S2处理蔡德龙ETDA硅肥比对照不施硅肥‘玉针香’产量高,分别提高2.82%和4.83%,有效穗数较对照增加11.57%和13.74%;整精米率较对照增加7.48%和13.07%;植株形态特征（株高、茎粗、茎壁厚度、叶片长度和宽度）没有明显影响,植株抗推力增加了18.31%和3.82%。施用硅肥能够一定程度上提高水稻产量、改善品质、提高抗倒伏能力,但不同硅肥类型对水稻的促进效应存在差异,S1处理对水稻的综合影响最大,可为河龙贡米高产栽培提供参考。     

Calcium silicate slag reduces drought stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Silicon has been reported to reduce drought stress on many crops, but limited studies have evaluated this effect with rice using calcium silicate slag from the phosphorus fertilizer industry as a source of Si. A greenhouse study was performed to address this issue. Four slag rates (0, 1,000, 2,000 and 4,000 mg/kg) and two application methods (surface application and incorporation) were evaluated under two moisture regimes (flood and 50% field capacity) for drought stress mitigation in a mineral soil that is typical for rice production. Slag application significantly elevated plant‐available Si in the soil and Si accumulation in plant tissues, and tended to improve rice shoot and root biomass relative to the untreated control under both flooding and drought stress. Increased carbon isotope discrimination (△¹³C) and decreased proline in rice leaves subjected to drought stress indicate that this slag may reduce drought stress in rice, which was supported by restoration of foliage density, transpiration, photosynthesis rate and sugar accumulation to at or near flooded levels following the highest slag application. This study supports the usage of calcium silicate slag in rice production as it could improve Si availability and reduce drought stress.     

Transmaxillary anchored silicon embedded gauze plug in the post-operative treatment of a large oromaxillary fistula caused by a supernumerary cheek tooth

A 9-year-old Hungarian sport horse gelding was presented to the clinic in poor condition displaying malodorous bilateral purulent nasal discharge. Oral examination revealed the presence of supernumerary 111 and 211. Bilateral diastema formation between the third maxillary molars and the supernumerary teeth with deep periodontal pockets and massive food impactions were diagnosed endoscopically. Radiography revealed inhomogenous sinus opacities in the left and right paranasal sinuses. Following bilateral oral extractions of the supernumerary cheek teeth and third maxillary molars, bilateral oromaxillary fistula formations were diagnosed (about 17 mm diameter on the right side). Bilateral frontal and right-sided maxillary trephinations and resection of the right bulla of the maxillary septum were performed. Massive food impactions of the left and right paranasal sinuses were removed under endoscopic control. Repeated trans-endoscopic sinus lavage was performed post-operatively. After 2.5 months, the large right-sided oromaxillary communication was temporarily closed with a transmaxillary anchored, gauze-cored silicon plug on an outpatient basis. Follow-up examination after 187 days revealed complete closure of the oromaxillary fistula and absence of sinusitis. In a 1.5-year follow-up control, no pathological conditions were found.     

中小型养猪场风机调速系统

为了适应中小型养猪场环境控制的需要,该文介绍了一种新型的单相风机调速控制系统。该系统使用单片机来控制单相交流通风机,通过改变风机的供给功率,达到调速、控制通风的目的,且结构简单,成本低廉,实际应用效率较高。