The effect of silicon on alleviation of salt stress in borage (Borago officinalis L.)

The effects of exogenous silicon (Si) on salt (NaCl)-stressed borage (Borago officinalis L.) plants were investigated in this study. Six levels of Si (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 mM) and two levels of NaCl (0 and 120 mM) were applied to study the effect of NaCl and Si on some physiological, biochemical and anatomical properties of Borago officinalis L. Salt stress reduced fresh and dry weight, protein contents and catalase activity. In contrast, proline, glycine betaine, malondialdehyde and activity of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase increased in salt-stressed plants. The results of anatomical study of leaf cross section showed that salt stress resulted in noticeable anatomical variations such as increase in thickness of leaf blade and thickness of palisade parenchyma cells. Other interesting variations in salt stress include changes in structure and numbers of trichome and stomata. Si treatment in comparison with the plants only treated with salt resulted in an improvement in the studied physiological parameters, especially at 1.5 mM level. Also, Si treatment could moderate the negative effects of salt treatment on the studied anatomical attributes.     

寒地白浆型水稻土生物硅肥的应用效果

本试验条件下,对生物硅肥和硅钙镁肥进行肥效试验,并探讨硅肥对水稻生长发育和产量的影响.结果表明:施用生物硅肥可以促进水稻生长发育,提高抗逆性,平均增产5.2%,施用40 kg/667m2和50 kg/667m2生物硅肥,增产效果最好,增产率分别是8.4%和7.5%.     

酸性和中性水田土壤施用硅肥的效应研究 Ⅱ.对水稻吸收硅素及产量的影响

分别选取酸性和中性水田土壤进行盆栽试验,研究施用硅肥对水稻不同生育期硅素吸收状况及产量的影响,以期揭示施用硅肥提高不同类型土壤供硅能力、改善植株硅素营养及增加产量的作用机制。结果表明,从拔节期到抽穗期水稻植株体内硅的含量有较大幅度的降低,而后又逐渐升高。施用硅肥可明显提高水稻植株体内硅的含量,尤以高炉渣与葡萄糖配合施用和单施高炉渣两个处理效果最好,极显著高于对照及其他处理。在酸性水田土壤上施用硅肥的增产效果较为明显,高炉渣与葡萄糖配施处理的增产率高达16.99%,且成熟期水稻植株含硅量与稻谷产量间存在显著的直线正相关关系;在中性水田土壤上施硅则无显著增产效果。总之,高炉渣与葡萄糖配合施用能更有效地改善土壤的供硅能力,进而提高水稻产量,其在酸性水田土壤上的施用效果尤为显著。     

Silicon Increases Tolerance to Boron Toxicity and Reduces Oxidative Damage in Barley

ABSTRACT

Silicon (Si) protects plants from multiple abiotic and biotic stresses The effect of exogenous Si levels (50, 75, and 100 mg kg^?1) on the growth, boron (B) and Si uptake, lipid peroxidation (MDA), lipoxygenase activity (LOX; EC 1.13.11.12), proline, and H₂O₂ accumulation, non-enzymatic antioxidant activity (AA) and the activities of major antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD, EC 1.15.1.1; catalase, CAT, EC 1.11.1.6 and ascorbate peroxidase, APX, EC 1.11.1.11) of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were investigated under glasshouse conditions. Increasing levels of Si supplied to the soil with 20 mg kg^?1 B counteracted the deleterious effects of B on shoot growth. Application of B significantly increased the B concentration in barley plants. However, Si application decreased B concentrations. Increasing application of Si increased the Si concentration in barley plants. The concentration of H₂O₂ was increased by B toxicity but decreased by Si supply. Boron toxicity decreased proline concentrations and increased lipid peroxidation (MDA content) and LOX activity of barley. Compared with control plants, the activities of AA, SOD, CAT, and APX in B stressed plants grown without Si decreased, and application of Si increased their activities under toxic B conditions. The LOX activity was decreased by Si. Based on the present work, it can be concluded that Si alleviates B toxicity by possibly preventing oxidative membrane damage, both through lowering the uptake of B and by increasing tolerance to excess B within the tissues.     

硅钙肥对水稻生育性状及产量的影响

水稻是需硅较多的作物,硅对水稻的生长发育有重要影响。在有效硅含量低的土壤施用硅钙肥,能促进水稻的生长发育,增强抗逆性,提高水稻产量和效益。     

硅对NaCl胁迫下柳枝稷叶片光合色素及气体交换特性的影响

以两个不同生态型的柳枝稷(Panicum virgatum)Alamo(低地型)和Cave-in-Rock(高地型)为试验材料,研究在0、50、100和150mmol·L~(-1) NaCl浓度下,分别添加0、0.5、1.0和2.0mmol·L~(-1)的外源硅(Na_2SiO_3·9H_2O)对其叶片光合色素含量及光合气体交换参数的影响。结果表明,Alamo叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素b以及叶绿素a+b的含量均随着NaCl浓度的升高呈现降低趋势,但是Cave-in-Rock的变化趋势则相反。在无外源Si处理下,Alamo叶片净光合速率(Pn)和气孔导度(Gs)在50mmol·L~(-1) NaCl浓度下升高,100和150mmol·L~(-1)下降低;Cave-in-Rock的Pn、Gs和胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)随着NaCl浓度的增加逐渐降低。盐胁迫下,适当浓度外源硅(Si)的添加对Alamo和Cave-inRock叶绿素a、叶绿素a+b和叶绿素b、类胡萝卜素含量的提高具有积极的作用。外源Si的添加同样提高了盐胁迫下Pn、Gs和Ci等参数。本研究中,1~2mmol·L~(-1) Na_2SiO_3·9H_2O对盐胁迫下柳枝稷叶片光合色素及光合气体交换的促进作用较明显。     

硅叶面肥对小麦-玉米种植体系根际土壤微生态的影响

为探索硅叶面肥在大田作物种植体系的应用效果,通过田间试验,研究不同浓度硅叶面肥对小麦-玉米种植体系根际土壤理化性状、土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明,喷施硅叶面肥提高小麦和玉米根际土壤EC值;低浓度硅叶面肥喷施降低小麦-玉米根际土壤pH值,高浓度硅叶面肥提高土壤pH值。随叶面肥浓度提升,作物根际土壤中细菌数量均高于对照且逐渐上升,真菌数量均低于对照且逐渐下降。喷施硅叶面肥提高了小麦-玉米根际土壤脲酶、转化酶、磷酸酶和多酚氧化酶活性。     

The Positive Effects of Silicon on Rice Seedlings Under Saline-Alkali Mixed Stress

Saline-alkali mixed stress is a widespread environmental problem in agriculture. To examine the effects of silicon on rice under saline-alkali stress, the effects of silicon on germination, morphogenesis, chlorophyll content, soluble protein content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and antioxidases including peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities were investigated in rice seedlings. The results showed that germination percentage, germination rate, and germination index were increased significantly by the silicon compared with the nonsilicon treatment. Meanwhile, silicon application improved the growth of rice seedlings remarkably under saline-alkali stress, which was consistent with the elevation of chlorophyll contents. The MDA contents were decreased markedly with different silicon treatments. In contrast, the activities of SOD and POD were enhanced significantly with appropriate silicon treatment, which were in accordance with the increasing of soluble protein contents. All the analysis showed that 5 and 10 mmol/L silicon concentrations were more effective in alleviating the injury of rice seedlings under saline-alkali stress.     

硅、磷配施对玉米苗期生长及氮磷钾积累的影响

以‘正红2号’和‘正红115’玉米为材料,采用砂培方式,设置3个纯磷水平[1.0 mmol·L~(-1)(正常磷水平,P_(1.0))、0.1 mmol·L~(-1)(中度缺磷,P_(0.1))和0.01 mmol·L~(-1)(重度缺磷,P_(0.01))]和3个纯硅水平[1.5 mmol·L~(-1)(Si_(1.5))、0.75mmol·L~(-1)(Si_(0.75))和0 mmol·L~(-1)(Si_0)],通过对玉米苗期干物质、叶面积、根系形态和氮磷钾含量的测定分析,研究硅、磷配施对玉米苗期根系生长、各器官干物质及氮、磷和钾养分积累与利用的影响,为磷、硅肥合理配施提供理论依据。结果表明:缺磷抑制玉米苗期生长,降低根长、根体积、根表面积和叶面积,减少磷和氮、钾的吸收以及干物质积累量,这种效应随磷浓度的降低而增强;玉米通过提高根冠比,增加磷、氮在根系中的分配率,提高氮、磷、钾的干物质生产效率来适应低磷环境;低磷胁迫对‘正红115’根系生长和磷吸收积累量的影响大于‘正红2号’,但‘正红115’在低磷条件下大幅度提高磷在根系中的分配率。在正常磷(P_(1.0))条件下加硅可促进玉米根系生长,增加磷和氮、钾积累量,提高其在地上部分配率,增加叶面积和干物质积累量;在中度缺磷(P_(0.1))条件下加硅也可增加玉米的磷和氮、钾积累量,促进根系和地上部生长,缓解低磷胁迫;在重度缺磷(P_(0.01))条件下,增施硅对玉米根系生长和干物质积累无显著的改善作用,但会增加根系中磷、钾素积累量。由此表明,硅和磷存在显著的协同作用和配合效应,生产上硅和磷应配施。     

中国不同生态系统土壤硅的研究进展

硅是土壤和岩石的一种基本成分,具有促进植物的生长、增强植物抗性、参与生物地球化学循环过程、调节全球碳循环和缓解全球气候变暖趋势等方面的作用.本文在全面介绍土壤硅的形态、有效性及生物循环特征基础上,分析了我国不同生态系统中土壤硅及植硅体含量状况,阐明了影响土壤有效硅及植硅体的因素,重点阐述了近年来有关稻田土壤有效硅与水稻...