两系杂交稻始穗期追施氮钾肥提高叶片光合功能的作用

研究表明，将占总肥量１／３左右的氮或氮钾肥在始穗期施用，能明显提高两系杂交水稻Ｎ３１Ｓ／Ｐ４０剑叶的光合速率、ＲｕＢＰ羧化酶活性、光合磷酸化和Ｈｉｌ反应活性。对乳熟期剑叶叶绿素荧光测定表明，始穗肥处理的ＦＶ和ＦＶ／Ｆｏ比值均明显高于对照。施始穗肥的剑叶中活性氧清除酶活性明显高于对照，丙二醛含量明显低于对照。     

亚硒酸对菊花切花衰老的影响

用0.1、0.2mg/L H2SeO3溶液瓶插菊花切花，结果表明，低浓度Se溶液可延缓瓶插菊花切花衰老，维持叶片相对含水量。降低膜透性，减少叶绿素与蛋白质降解，提高SOD活性，降低叶片MDA含量，维持叶片、花瓣还原糖含量。1.0mg/L的高浓度Se加速菊花切花衰老。     

牡丹呼吸速率和内源激素含量变化与开花衰老的关系

 以牡丹品种‘洛阳红’和‘胡红’为材料,研究开花和衰老过程中花瓣内源激素水平与呼吸代谢的变化。结果表明,随着花朵的发育,‘洛阳红’和‘胡红’呼吸速率均呈现典型的跃变特征,高峰分别出现在盛开期和半开期。牡丹开花后表现出花瓣中可溶性蛋白质含量下降和花色素苷积累的生理特征。牡丹在开花、衰老过程中内源IAA、ZR和GA3含量降低,内源ABA含量上升,‘洛阳红’属于类似乙烯跃变型,‘胡红’属于类似乙烯末期上升型。结果提示,牡丹在开花和衰老过程中花瓣内源激素代谢失衡是导致花瓣衰老的重要原因。     

Interaction of mineral and cytokinin supply in control of leaf senescence and seed growth in soybean explants

Abstract

The leaves of intact soybean plants (Glycine max. L. Merrill) characteristically turn yellow and abscise during pod maturation, and this may limit seed growth. We have used soybean expiants (excised 10 cm stem sections with a leaf and midfill pod attached) to study interactive effects of nutrient and hormone supply on leaf senescence symptoms and seed yield. Whereas mineral nutrients or cytokinin (zeatin) alone delayed development of visible leaf senescence symptoms in explants, a combination of mineral nutrients with zeatin acted synergistically to maintain green coloration throughout pod maturation and reduced declines in levels of leafsoluble protein and chlorophyll. The combination of complete mineral nutrients with zeatin gave seed yields equivalent to those in intact plants. Withdrawal of zeatin or individual mineral nutrients (particularly N and S) from the nutrient solution enhanced leaf senescence symptoms and reduced seed yields.     

钙对延缓杂交水稻叶片衰老的作用机理

以叶绿素、蛋白质含量为衰老的生理指标，研究了不同ｐＨ、Ｃａ２＋对杂交水稻叶片衰老的作用。结果表明，不同ｐＨ影响叶绿素和蛋白质含量，最适ｐＨ为６．０；此条件下的Ｃａ２＋浓度为０．０１～２０．００ｍｍｏｌ／ｌ，低浓度的Ｃａ２＋提高叶片中叶绿素和蛋白质含量，提高超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）、过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）活性，降低丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量；随着Ｃａ２＋浓度升高，则作用减弱；最适浓度为０．１ｍｍｏｌ／ｌ。Ｃａ２＋能延缓杂交水稻叶片的衰老，主要原因是由于Ｃａ２＋能提高叶片中活性氧防御酶的活性，降低活性氧的伤害作用。     

不同基因型大豆叶片生理特性的研究

为揭示自然界不同基因型大豆冠层温度是否存在分异,应用红外测温仪对5个大豆品种植株的冠层温度进行了长期观测,并同步测定了大豆主茎功能叶片的绿叶百分率、可溶性蛋白质含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量.结果表明,自然界存在冠层温度偏低的低温大豆种质即冷型大豆(如汾豆55、冀NF58)和冠层温度偏高的高温大豆种质即暖型大豆(如东大2号、渭豆20).在整个籽粒灌浆期,冷型大豆绿叶百分率、可溶性蛋白质含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均比暖型大豆优越,丙二醛(MDA)含量随生育期的推移积累速度也较暖型大豆明显慢.由此认为不同基因型大豆冠层温度存在分异,且温度型与功能叶片衰老特性的优劣有着紧密的联系.     

Yield, Leaf Senescence, and Cry1Ac Expression in Response to Removal of Early Fruiting Branches in Transgenic Bt Cotton

Two-year field experiments were conducted at Linqing, Yellow River valley of China, to study the plant response to the removal of early fruiting branches in transgenic Bt （Bacillus thuringiensis） cotton （Gossypium hirsutum L.） from 2003 to 2004. Plants were undamaged and treated by removing two basal fruiting branches （FB） at squaring to form the control and the removal treatment, respectively. The plant height, leaf area （LA）, dry weight of fruiting forms （DWFF）, the number of fruiting nodes （NFN）, photosynthetic （Pn） rate, and levels of leaf chlorophyll （Chl）, N, P, K, and Cry lAc protein in main- stem leaves were measured at a 10- or 20-d interval after FB removal, and the sink/source ratio as indicated by NFN/LA and DWFF/LA was determined. FB removal significantly increased the plant height, LA, and plant biomass in both years. Lint yields were increased 7.5 and 5.2% by removal compared with their controls in 2003 and 2004, respectively. Significant increases in boll size （5.7 and 5.1%） were also observed in removal than in control for both years. Either NFN/LA or DWFF/LA was significantly reduced by removal before 40 d after removal; however, both NFN/LA and DWFF/LA were significantly enhanced by FB removal at 80 d after removal compared to the untreated control. There was no significant difference in fiber quality in the first two harvests between removal and control, but fiber strength and micronarie in the third harvest were significantly improved by FB removal. In terms of leaf Chl, Pn rate, levels of total N, P, and K in late season, leaf senescence was considerably delayed by FB removal. Levels of CrylAc protein in the fully expanded young leaves were considerably higher in FB-excised plants than in control, indicating FB removal enhanced CrylAc expression. It is suggested that the yield and quality improvement with FB removal may be attributed to the increased NFN/LA or DWFF/LA in late season and delayed leaf senescence, respectively. FB removal can be a potential p     

三唑酮延缓青稞离体叶片衰老的研究

以青稞叶片为试材,对其进行黑暗诱导衰老,研究了三唑酮处理对青稞离体叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b、水溶性蛋白质、非水溶性蛋白质、丙二醛(MDA)含量、Chl a/b值和过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响。结果显示,在青稞离体叶片衰老过程中,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、Chl a/b值与水溶性、非水溶性蛋白质含量均不断下降,丙二醛含量、POD活性上升,SOD和CAT活性降低。三唑酮处理延缓叶绿素a、叶绿素b、Chl a/b值与非水溶性蛋白质含量的下降,抑制丙二醛含量、POD活性的上升,阻碍SOD活性降低,对水溶性蛋白质和CAT作用不明显。表明三唑酮具有减轻青稞离体叶片膜脂过氧化的能力和延缓叶片衰老的作用。     

滨海盐碱地不同抗虫棉品种的产量和熟相及去早果枝的效应

 为探讨不同抗虫棉品种在滨海盐碱地的产量和熟相及其对去早果枝的反应,以早发型（鲁棉研17、21）、晚发型（鲁棉研18、22）抗虫棉和两者的F₁杂交种（01H00、01H01）为材料,于2006－2007年在东营市盐碱棉田进行了试验观察。结果表明,早发型和晚发型抗虫棉品种间的早熟性和熟相存在显著差异,两者的杂交种在2006和2007年分别比常规种增产5.7%~14.5%和4.7%~6.8%,并表现出较好的熟相。早发型常规抗虫棉去早果枝增产5.6%~8.4%,早衰得到延缓;晚发型常规抗虫棉去早果枝减产9.3%~13.1%,表现晚熟。利用不同熟相类型的常规抗虫棉配置杂交组合以及对早发抗虫棉品种去早果枝都是延缓早衰、提高盐碱地棉花产量的有效途径。