水稻叶色白化转绿及多分蘖矮秆突变体hfa-1的基因表达谱分析

hfa-1的白化转绿、多分蘖矮秆表型受单隐性核基因hw-1(t)控制。该基因编码含线粒体交替氧化酶AOX结构的叶绿体蛋白,通过参与叶绿体呼吸电子传递链,对类胡萝卜素生物合成途经及其次生代谢途径进行调控。本研究对hfa-1突变体叶色白化转绿过程中的类胡萝卜素生物合成途径、与该途径有关的植物激素代谢途径的相关基因进行表达分析,并分析了hfa-1突变体在白化、转绿两个时期的基因表达谱。结果表明,类胡萝卜素、植物激素(GA、ABA和SL)生物合成相关基因在hfa-1突变体白化期叶片中表达量减低,暗示hw-1(t)基因的突变抑制了苗期类胡萝卜素合成,同时还对涉及该过程相关多个次生代谢途径产生影响。通过基因表达谱芯片和功能分类分析,发现hfa-1叶色白化转绿过程中上调和下调表达基因涉及的生理过程主要在光合作用、应对内源刺激物和胁迫响应等方面;其中电子传递体Cytb6/f复合蛋白合成相关基因上调表达明显,推测Cytb6/f蛋白复合体在电子传递和质醌库还原氧化上对hw-1(t)起一定的补偿功能。     

梁山慈竹高通量转录组测序及差异表达基因分析

分析梁山慈竹及其体细胞突变体的转录组,挖掘功能基因并对其差异表达基因进行筛选和分析,为梁山慈竹遗传改良提供理论依据。利用RNA-Seq技术进行转录组测序,对测序结果进行de novo拼接和功能注释;并对差异表达基因进行筛选及COG、GO、KEGG数据库中进行比对注释,此外,基于Swiss-Prot功能注释结果,分析纤维素和木质素相关功能基因的表达量差异。测序结果表明,共获得86 575 631条reads,de novo组装得到84 741条unigenes,共有49 829条被Nr、COG、GO、KEGG、Swiss-Prot注释。从梁山慈竹实生植株(对照)和体细胞突变体No.30这2个测序样本中,筛选出3 572条差异表达unigenes,757条差异表达unigenes在COG分类体系中具有详细的蛋白功能释义,2 213条差异表达unigenes在GO数据库具有功能定义,385条unigenes被注释到94条KEGG Pathways中。纤维素合成相关纤维素合酶、过氧化物酶、泛素连接酶和热休克蛋白在梁山慈竹体细胞突变体No.30中表达量升高,木质素合成相关MYB4、4-香豆酸CoA连接酶、肉桂醇脱氢酶、肉桂酰-CoA还原酶和漆酶在突变体中表达量降低。提供了全面的梁山慈竹转录组信息,获得了一批在梁山慈竹纤维素和木质素生物合成过程中有重要功能的基因序列。     

中等落粒性的改良型超级稻‘协青早A/M9308’应用价值评价

为了改善超级稻组合‘协青早A/T9308’易落粒特性,达到延长其生产应用寿命之目的,利用γ射线诱变技术,从易落粒恢复系T9308（显性）中,筛选到难落粒突变体M9308（隐性）,并配制出具中等落粒性F1组合‘协青早A/M9308’。采用分期播种方式,再次对M9308、T9308、‘协青早A/M9308’和‘协青早A/T9308’在整个抽穗、灌浆和成熟等重要时期的落粒性、产量性状和稻米品质性状进行观察研究,并对‘协青早A/M9308’和‘协青早A/T9308’的2008-2009年多点大区自然和机割落粒损失作了调查。结果表明,M9308难落粒特性表达稳定,不论所处环境或成熟度大小,其落粒率均极显著低于T9308;‘协青早A/M9308’落粒性与其他协优系列相近,明显低于‘协青早A/T9308’;‘协青早A/M9308’和‘协青早A/T9308’的农艺性状、经济性状与稻米品质性状均相仿;‘协青早A/M9308’明显减少了田间自然和机割稻谷损失率。综上所述,该改良型‘协青早A/M9308’具有替代原超级稻‘协青早A/T9308’而获得生产上可持续应用的实用价值。     

缺硼对大豆植株生长和根瘤固氮活性的影响

以普通结瘤大豆Ｂｒａｇｇ ｃｖ．（Ｇｌｙｃｉｎｅ ｍａｘ（Ｌ．）Ｍｅｒｒ．）及其超结瘤突变体ｍｔｓ３８２为试验材料,用营养液培养方法研究了缺硼对大豆植株生长和根瘤固氮作用的影响,结果表明,在缺硼条件下,植株根系生长受到抑制,变粗变短,颜色加深;地上部生长点坏死,使植株长得矮小,干重降低;根系结瘤能力和根瘤固氮活性明显下降,说明硼不仅对维持植株的正常生长,同时对根瘤的形成及其固氮活性都起着重要作用。     

Callus Culture-Derived Somaclonal Variation in the Tropical Pasture Legume Stylosanthes guianensis (Aubl.) Sw.

Plants were regenerated from leaf-derived callus cultures of five genotypes of Stylosanthes guianensis. There were substantial genotypic differences in morphogenetic potential, ranging from 95–100 % of cv.‘Graham' calh to less than 1% of cv,‘Oxley' calh forming shoots. A total of 1024 regenerants (SC₁) were planted out, with 28.1 % surviving to set seed. Variant characters including albinism, reduced fertility, dwarfism and leaf morphology were observed. Variation in selfed progeny (SQ₂) of 138 SC₁ plants was assessed in a replicated field trial involving 2484 SO₂ individuals. Variant phenotypes were observed in 55 (39.9 %) SC₂ families. Many families were segregating for albinism, altered morphology or reduced fertility. Thirty families had lower yields than their parent and earlier and later flowering variants were found. Eight tetraploid families were identified. These were characterized by more erect habit, larger leaves, stems, flowers and seeds, reduced fertility and yield and a tendency to flower later.     

60CO-γ射线诱发的釉型温敏核不育水稻叶色突变系变异分析

60Co-γ射线诱发的8个釉型温敏核不育系水稻叶色突变系可分为三种类型,即叶色突变高温表达型、低温表达型及温钝型。对温钝型3个突变系研究发现,该性状由单一隐性基因控制,其农艺性状除LCM6外与对照2177s相似或有所改观,育性转换特性和配合力也与对照相仿,对杂种优势无细胞质负效应。与杂交种“汕优63"混合播种时,叶色     

植物激素的信号转导系统研究进展

植物激素是调节植物生长、发育和抗逆性的重要物质 .蛋白质激酶的磷酸化级联放大系统在激素的信号转导中起重要作用 .乙烯早期信号转导的 ETR1系统类似原核生物的信号转导的双组分系统 .本文综述了有关植物激素的信号转导系统的研究进展 ,并提出了今后研究的思路     

Effect of Low Content Chlorophyll on Distribution Properties of Absorbed Light Energy in Leaves of Mutant Rice

This paper reported the diurnal variations of photochemical efficiency of PSII, thermal dissipation rate and other physiology process in thelow content chlorophyll mutant rice and its wild type under field conditions, and analyzed the difference of absorbed light distribution between the two rice varieties in a day. The results showed that the mutant had poor absorbed light because of its little light absorption coefficient, but higher electron transportg rate could partly reduce the disadvantageous effect of deficient absorbed light in mutant. Compared with wild-type rice, the mutant had less excess excitation energy and the fraction of absorbed light allocated to photochemical process was more.     

通过组织培养筛选番茄抗早疫病突变体

用感病番茄品种的子叶进行组织培养，以早疫病菌培养滤液为选择剂进行了抗病突变体筛选。经７次继代筛选，获得５１块抗性愈伤组织，分化出８株再生植株。经人工接种抗病性鉴定表明８株再生植株均为抗病植株，病情指数为６．２５。４９株对照再生植株病情指数为８９．２９，其中有一株也是抗病植株。原品种的病情指数为９３．３３。     

山区水稻直播存在的问题及防治措施

分析山区水稻直播存在稻象鼻虫危害严重,烂秧、易倒伏等问题的形成原因,并提出了防控措施。