一个新的水稻短根毛突变体的遗传分析和基因定位

根毛是植物吸收水分和养分的重要器官。本研究从T-DNA突变体库中获得一个以中花11为遗传背景的水稻短根毛突变体, 命名为ossrh3 (Oryza sativa short root hair 3)。该突变体的根毛伸长严重受阻, 并且伴随株高、主根长、侧根长和侧根数目等性状的改变。遗传分析表明该突变性状受1对隐性单基因控制, 利用ossrh3纯合体和籼稻品种Kasalath杂交构建F₂定位群体, 利用已公布的水稻SSR (simple sequence repeat)和自行设计的STS (sequence- tagged site)标记, 最终将OsSRH3定位在水稻第1染色体上的标记S38978和S39016之间, 物理距离约为37.7 kb, 包含8个候选基因, 为进一步克隆OsSRH3基因和研究禾本科作物根毛发育的分子调控机理提供了依据。     

玉米缺陷型籽粒突变体的遗传分析及突变基因dek1-T7的定位

突变体是功能基因组学研究和分子育种的重要材料。自然条件下,在玉米自交系M08649中发现一个突变穗,其突变表型表现为凹陷,没有胚以及胚乳,不能发芽并繁殖后代的缺陷型籽粒(defectivekernel)。利用出现籽粒突变自交系M08649的杂合体与正常自交系齐319构建分离群体对突变体进行遗传分析,共有85个F2代自交穗具有突变籽粒,38个F2代自交穗表现为正常,统计分析发现其符合2:1的分离比例。同时在85个具有突变籽粒的穗子中,共有9961粒正常籽粒和3217粒突变籽粒,符合3:1的分离比例,初步证实自交系M08649中控制籽粒发育的突变基因属于单个基因的隐性突变,暂命名为dek1-T7(t)。利用SSR分子标记将该基因初步定位在第1染色体的短臂上1.03区,位于SSR标记bnlg2204和Hkf1-3之间,两个标记之间的物理距离为1.78Mb。本研究结果为该基因的克隆和功能分析奠定了基础。     

与亚洲棉光籽突变体DPL972中光籽基因紧密连锁的SSR分子标记的开发与应用

对棉纤维相关性状基因的克隆及遗传分析可为阐明纤维形成机制奠定良好基础.以野生型材料DPL971及其光籽突变体DPL972为亲本构建F2群体,其中光籽与毛籽性状分离比符合3∶1,表明突变体DPL972中的光籽基因为显性单基因(将其命名为GaFzl).结合棉花基因组数据,合成1567对SSR(Simple sequence repeat)引物,覆盖了A组13条染色体,标记多态性分析和群体连锁分析发现在染色体A08上存在15对与光籽基因GaFzl连锁的标记,其中最近的标记为SSR82,遗传距离为6.6 cM.本实验完成了GaFzl基因的染色体初步定位,开发了15个与其连锁的SSR标记,为下一步图位克隆奠定了基础.     

Genetic analysis of a novel dominant rice dwarf mutant 986083D

This study was to determine the agronomic and genetic characteristics of a novel rice dominant dwarf mutant 986083D (japonica) and its potential in breeding. 986083D derived from the anther culture of an autotetraploid indica/japonica hybrid and its progeny segregated into normal and dwarf plants. Homozygous and heterozygous 986083D plants looked similar phenotypically, showing shortened stature, erect leaves, more tillers and poor fertility. The segregation ratio of dwarf to normal plants fit the expected 3:1 by χ²-test in 77 out of 88 tested lines. Crosses between homozygous 986083D and eight other rice varieties had uniform semi-dwarf F₁ plants. The F₁ plants from crosses between heterozygous 986083D and five other varieties had normal and semi-dwarf plants close to the expected ratio of 1:1. The reduction of plant height in F₁ plants ranged from 40.0 to 53.5% in a subtropical environment and from 37.5 to 48.2% in a temperate environment. 986083D showed moderate sensitivity to exogenously applied GA₃ in terms of elongation of shoots and induction of α-amylase activity in the endosperm. Linkage analysis showed that the dominant dwarf gene (designated as Dx) in 986083D was not allelic to D53. Dx was roughly mapped to the short arm of chromosome 8. All results showed that 986083D was a novel mutant controlled by single dominant gene, providing a valuable material in rice breeding. Ruizhen Qin, Yang Qiu contributed equally to this work.     

棉花早熟芽黄突变体叶绿素荧光动力学特性研究

以中棉所58及其航天诱变芽黄突变体为研究对象,利用快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学测定和JIP-test数据分析方法,研究了晴天条件下野生型(Wild type,WT)和突变体5个叶位叶片(倒1叶至倒5叶)的原初光化学反应的变化.结果表明,突变体倒2叶最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)最低,至倒5叶时恢复正常.突变体叶片较高的K点的...     

水稻极矮突变体s2-47对赤霉素的响应及基因定位研究

通过EMS诱变日本晴获得1个极端矮化突变体s2-47,其表型为极度矮化、叶色深绿、不能抽穗结实。对水稻胚乳的α-淀粉酶诱导实验表明s2-47突变体与GA的信号传导途径无关,外源活性GA₃对水稻幼苗株高的促进实验显示s2-47应与赤霉素的生物合成有关。利用s2-47和Dular构建F₂群体并精细定位表明,s2-47的表型与水稻OsCPS1基因紧密连锁,其编码的柯巴焦磷酸合成酶是赤霉素生物合成途径的第一个关键酶。序列分析发现,s2-47突变体的OsCPS1基因编码区发生了单个碱基缺失导致移码突变。OsCPS1基因在植株地上部都有表达,在节中表达最高。OsCPS1基因的表达受外源GA₃抑制,但在s2-47突变体中表达上调。     

Inheritance of high palmitic acid content in the sunflower mutant CAS-12 and its relationship with high oleic content

CAS‐12 is a sunflower mutant with increased levels of palmitic (C16: 0 = 30%) and oleic (C18: 1 = 55%) acids in its seed oil, hence it has a reduced linoleic acid content (C18: 2 < 5%). This study was conducted to determine the inheritance of high C16: 0 content and its relationship with high C18: 1 content in CAS‐12. Reciprocal crosses involving CAS‐12, CAS‐5 (high C16: 0 content), HAOL‐9 (high C18: 1 content) and HA‐89 (standard fatty acid profile) were made. The F₁, F₂ and BC₁F₁ generations were obtained. The genetic control of the high C16: 0 trait in CAS‐12 was partially recessive and gametophytic. In all cases, this character segregated in the ratio 19: 38: 7 (low: intermediate: high C16: 0 content) in the F₂ generation. These results, together with the lack of segregation for C16: 0 content in crosses between CAS‐12 and CAS‐5, indicated that the genetic control of the high C16: 0 trait in CAS‐12 was similar to that in CAS‐5 in being controlled by partially recessive alleles (p1, p2, and p3) at three loci. Crosses between HA‐89 and CAS‐12, and HAOL‐9 and CAS‐5 (segregating for C16: 0 and C18: 1) demonstrated that the high C16: 0 and the high C18: 1 traits were independently inherited. However, C18: 1 segregation in these crosses exhibited reversal of dominance. Apparently, the low C18: 1 parental lines carried modifier genes causing the deviation.     

若干玉米胚乳突变体基因效应的研究

对５个玉米单隐性胚乳突变体、３个双隐性胚乳突变体的可溶性糖（还原糖、蔗糖）、水溶性多糖、淀粉、粗蛋白、赖氨酸含量测定，并对突变体种子结构扫描电镜观察。分析了玉米胚乳突主体的基因效应及其互作效应。     

水稻突变体W33高位分蘖特性利用价值研究

为探讨水稻突变体材料W33高位分蘖特性在水稻育种上的利用价值。以野生型水稻恢复系R818及其高节位分蘖突变体W33为试验材料,用盆栽试验研究R818和W33的植株、分蘖和穗部性状差异,用大田栽培控制性试验比较R818和W33分蘖、产量构成性状及子粒产量差异,测得参试材料各性状数据。结果表明,生长前期W33和R818株高、主茎叶均长无明显差异,中后期二者株高、主茎叶均长渐显显著或极显著差异;W33单株平均分蘖数是R818的7.5~8.8倍,平均有效穗数是R818的8.6倍,分蘖平均成穗率与R818相当,但单穗穗长、枝梗数和着粒数明显低于R818,而千粒重与R818无明显差异;W33和R818单株籽粒产量均随密度增大而降低,并以最低密度条件下最高,最高密度条件下最低;尽管W33单穗产量明显低于R818,但在相同栽插密度条件下,W33和R818群体产量差异不显著(F=3.7868<F_0.05,1,4);在一定密度范围内,W33能充分发挥其旺盛的分蘖力和较高的成穗率优势,以弥补单穗产量较低的缺陷,其群体产量最终达到与R818相当的水平。说明W33旺盛的分蘖力和较高的分蘖成穗率特性在水稻育种上具有一定的利用价值。     

Tryptophan synthesis block-associated sugar response, a physiological marker for rapid selection of Arabidopsis thaliana transformants, marked with feedback-inhibition-insensitive anthranilate synthase gene

The feedback-insensitive anthranilate synthase (AS) gene was used as a selection marker for transformants of Arabidopsis thaliana . The mutant gene ( mAS1-2 ) was constructed by substituting nucleotide at the effector-binding site of the intrinsic AS gene via PCR-mediated site-directed mutagenesis and flanked with the myrosinase promoter pyk10 to drive its expression during initial root elongation. This inducible gene cassette was first introduced into Agrobacterium tumefaciens and then delivered into A. thaliana by floral-dip inoculation. 5-methyltryptophan (5-MT) inhibited AS and suppressed seedling growth of wild type plants as a result of tryptophan starvation. With the addition of sucrose (10 mg/ml), 5-MT inhibited cotyledon opening and caused anthocyanin to accumulate in juvenile seedlings. The present mutant reversed the tryptophan starvation caused by 5-MT and blocked subsequent sugar responses. The sugar responses were detected in non-transformed plants grown on a selection medium containing 10 mg/ml of sucrose and 10 μg/ml of 5-MT after 3 days of incubation. Thus, true transformants could be selected after a short incubation, compared to the conventional kanamycin-selection method that did not eliminate all non-transformed plants.