河南省小城镇建设中土地合理利用研究

在分析河南省小城镇建设用地利用现状的基础上,针对在实施城镇化战略过程中,关于小城镇建设如何合理利用土地,节约土地资源作了详尽分析,并对小城镇建设过程中土地合理利用的可行性进行了探讨。     

Probing soil physical and biological resilience data from a broad sampling of arable farms in Scotland

Physical and biological soil stabilities (i.e. resistance and resilience) were measured on a range of arable farms across eastern Scotland under a range of management practices, with the objective of using a geographically restricted set of soils under similar land use to detect any underlying associations between soil stability, management factors and soil properties. Data were analysed using a combination of a stepwise fixed effects model selection within a linear mixed‐model framework (LMM) and neural network analysis using a Kohonen self‐organising map (KSOM). In general, physical and biological measures of stability were associated with both physical and biological soil properties, particularly bulk density, water retention characteristics, soil carbon and bacterial community structure. A strength of KSOM is its ability to fit more flexible models than the linear relationships of LMM. However, a weakness is that it does not have the ability of LMM to model the sampling design, which is likely to lead to overstating statistical significance. Consequently, KSOM identified more significant associations between soil properties and stability than LMM, while the latter identified significant associations at the between‐farm level. The high‐level land management decisions of farm type (conventional, organic, integrated), crop type or underlying soil type were not associated with stability at this regional scale, thus indicating that the effects of different management practices between farms were overridden by the soil properties on each farm. Management decisions on improving soil stability therefore need to be taken at the individual field scale.     

北冬虫夏草规模化生产技术研究与示范推广

通过北冬虫夏草菌种引进、驯化、生产制种、培养基配方筛选、环境清洁控制技术等方面的研究，探索了北冬虫夏草规模化生产与示范推广的途径，为满足北冬虫夏草周年生产提供了良好的理论依据。     

灌区尺度作物水分利用效率指标研究

在对灌区来水、作物产量和作物需水量尺度分析的基础上,研究了灌区尺度作物水分利用效率指标,结果表明,冬小麦、夏玉米、棉花不同的生育期对采用哪种水分利用效率指标有直接影响;灌溉、降雨、地下水补给等资料较全时,3种作物都采用WUEET;无降雨资料时,冬小麦可选用WUEi近似代替WUEET;正常年份,夏玉米的WUEP0就是WUEET,干旱年份且需夏灌时,夏玉米WUEET由有效降雨量与灌溉量共同产生;棉花不能用WUEi或WUEP0中的任何一种指标反映其真实的水分利用效率,而只能用WUEET确定。     

管道结垢原因分析及常用除垢方法

分析了管道结垢的机理,指出介质高含水率、高含菌率、高矿化度,且溶有一定量的腐蚀性气体H2S、CO2和O2以及结蜡是导致管道结垢的主要原因。对影响管道结垢的温度、压力、流速、pH值等因素进行了分析,提出了预防管道结垢的方案以及化学除垢、机械除垢等除垢方法。     

森林生物量模型综述

根据研究对象尺度不同将生物量模型分为单木生物量模型和大尺度森林生物量模 型。分 别介绍了这两类生物量模型的历史和现状,简要概括了生物量模型特点和存在的一些问 题, 并且 对未来的发展趋势做了预测     

消毒处理对百合鳞片扦插的影响

通过4种常用消毒药剂对百合鳞片消毒处理进行了研究。结果表明:鳞片扦插中, 进行了 鳞片消毒处理的腐烂率明显低于未经消毒处理的腐烂率;鳞片消毒的时间宜控制在30 mi n左右, 消毒药剂的稀释倍数宜控制在1 000倍左右;在鳞片扦插中,若所用鳞片为健壮鳞片,只 需对其进 行单药剂的消毒,无需多药剂处理;鳞片阴干处理有利于鳞片伤口的愈合,可以减少鳞片 的腐烂;不 同消毒处理对产生的小籽球直径影响不显著。     

“异化的人”、“全面的人”及人的全面发展

马克思在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中指出“异化的人”是资本主义私有制条件下人的存在形态,“全面的人”是未来理想社会中人的存在形态,人的发展要实现从资本主义社会“异化的人”向未来共产主义社会“全面的人”的转变。马克思关于人的发展理论对于指导当代中国的现代性构建有着重要的现实意义。在当代中国现代性构建的过程中,要以科学发展观为蓝本,不断消除使人发生异化的因素,努力实现人的全面发展。     

Estimation of paddy water productivity (WP) using hydrological model: an experimental study

Water productivity (WP) expresses the value or benefit derived from the use of water. A profound water productivity analysis was carried out at experimental field at Field laboratory, Centre for Water Resources, Anna University, India, for rice crop under different water regimes such as flooded (FL), alternative wet and dry (AWD) and saturated soil culture (SSC). The hydrological model soil-water-atmospheric-plant (SWAP), including detailed crop growth, i.e, WOFOST (World Food Studies) model was used to determine the required hydrological variables such as transpiration, evapotranspiration and percolation, and bio-physical variables such as dry matter and grain yield. The observed values of crop growth from the experiment were used for the calibration of crop growth model WOFOST. The water productivity values are determined using SWAP and SWAP–WOFOST. The four water productivity indicators using grain yield were determined, such as water productivity of transpiration (WP_T), evapotranspiration (WP_ET), percolation plus evapotranspiration (WP_ET+Q) and irrigation plus effective rainfall (WP_I+ER). The highest value of water productivity was observed from the flooded treatment and lowest value from the saturated soil culture in WP_T and WP_ET. This study, reveals that deep groundwater level and high temperature reduces the crop yield and water productivity significantly in the AWD and SSC treatment. This study reveals that in paddy fields 66% inflow water is recharging the groundwater. There is good agreement between SWAP and SWAP–WOFOST water productivity indicators.     

用MODIS数据监测冬小麦冠层反照率变化信息的方法研究

采用冬小麦主要生育期内冠层反照率的地面观测数据和MODIS反照率产品数据,分析了在冬小麦生长期时间序列上MODIS遥感图像端元反照率与地面观测不同空间尺度反照率的变化规律。提出了基于高空间分辨率图像分类的先验知识提取MODIS端元反照率的方法。研究结果表明,MODIS端元反照率与地面观测反照率随冬小麦生育期的变化趋势相同,两种观测尺度反照率的观测值差别小于4%,研究方法为MODIS反照率产品在大面积农田研究中的应用提供了参考。