对我国自然保护区实行共同管理制度的探讨

可持续发展原则和我国的国情决定了我国自然保护区不能长期实行完全封闭式的保护管理制度.为了协调自然保护区中森林资源保护和利用的矛盾,宜引入保护区共同管理体制模式,即在林业与环境部门的指导下,设置由代表不同利益的群体包括所组成的林业自然保护区共同管理委员会,并在遵循生态完整性、公平性与科学性三大原则基础上建立和实施权力制约、民主协商和监督机制.     

大熊猫野化培训圈森林植物群落多样性研究

本文应用植物群落学理论分析了卧龙大熊猫野化培训圈的植物种类组成、区系地理成分、优势树种以及生活型谱等特征。结果表明：大熊猫野化培训圈主要为野核桃、红肤杨、华西枫杨、连香树、扇叶槭、五裂槭、大翅色木槭、长序稠李、槐树等树种组成的落叶阔叶林。栖息地群落中分布的常见种子植物有71种,分属39科,58属,其中裸子植物3种,双子叶植物63种,单子叶植物5种;且以槭树科、杜鹃花科、忍冬科、蔷薇科、竹亚科、虎耳草科、菊科、百合科、禾本科等科植物构成优势组分。占组成植物总数的40．8％以上。从植物地理成分分析来看,无论是科分布型,还是属分布型,大熊猫栖息地植物都以温带分布类型为主,分别占57．5％和46．55％。植物群落生活型谱中以高位茅植物占优势,达56．34％,反映出大熊猫野化培训圈的植物群落具有温带落叶阔叶林特点,这与卧龙大熊猫栖息地的植物群落的生态特征相似。根据植物群落分类原则,将野化培训圈的植物群落共划分为连香树-拐棍竹-黑鳞耳蕨群落、野核桃-短锥玉山竹群落、野核桃-拐棍竹-艾蒿群落和野核桃-薄叶鼠李-小鳞苔草群落等4个类型。     

湖南龙山国家森林公园特色文化景观设计探讨——以龙山国家森林公园药王小区设计为例

在森林公园规划建设中,特色文化景观的营建是增加公园吸引力的重要元素,是营造公园标志性景点的重要手段。在设计中体现森林文化是突出森林公园特色的基本条件,在森林公园营造特色文化景观的过程中,需要把森林文化与景观环境的营建两者结合起来考虑设计。在湖南龙山国家森林公园药王小区特色景观营建的实例中,通过10个重要的特色文化景点营建,创建富有特色的文化景观,能够增加公园的景观价值,提高公园的文化品味,吸引更多的游客。     

浙江凤阳山-百山祖国家级自然保护区植物群落ALPHA多样性特征

采用样方调查法对浙江凤阳山--百山祖国家级自然保护区内的45个样地的物种组成、alpha多样性进行分析。结果表明：各样地乔、灌、草3个层次的Shannon-Wiener指数（H）、Simpson指数（D）和Pielous均匀度指数（Jsw）以五岭坑保护站的米槠（Castanopsis carlesii）、毛锥（Castanopsis fordii）林最高,茶木淤保护站的金钱松（Pseudolarix amabilis）林样地最低;各植物群落类型乔木层的物种丰富度以常绿阔叶林最高;灌木层以针阔叶混交林的物种数最多,草甸样地的灌木物种数最少;草本层则以竹林物种数最为丰富;乔木层各群落的 H和D均以常绿阔叶林最高;灌木层的H以针阔叶混交林最高,草本层中各植物群落类型的H、D、Jsw均以竹林最高;在百山祖自然保护区中,常绿阔叶林可以维持较高的木本植物物种多样性,而竹林出现明显纯林化现象,应加以控制。     

九龙山自然保护区黄山木兰群落结构特征及其优势种群结构

对浙江省九龙山国家级自然保护区黄山木兰(Magnolia cylindrica)的群落结构特征以及种群结构进行了调查研究。结果表明:黄山木兰群落植被具有热带向温带过渡的性质;群落主要伴生种为多脉青冈(Cyclobalanopsis multinervis);该群落具有明显的中亚热带常绿阔叶林特征,以高位芽占绝对的优势,叶的特征以中叶、纸质的单型叶为主;群落成层现象明显,可分为乔木层、灌木层和草本层;群落物种丰富度、多样性、均匀度都偏低;种群结构呈纺锤型,幼苗数量严重不足,种群有衰退的趋势;种群格局呈集群分布。     

Resettling,disconnecting or displacing? Attending to local sociality,culture and history in disaster settings

In many disaster settings, top‐down responses emphasise ‘expert‐led’ solutions that often involve relocating disaster‐affected communities. While the intention might be to move people from harm's way and facilitate recovery, failure to attend to local pre‐disaster circumstances as well as the interplay between power, resilience and vulnerability within and around affected communities often sees resettlement reconfigure as displacement or disconnection. This oversight may even usher in a new phase of dispossession and disadvantage for marginalised groups (particularly in colonial settings). This paper explores experiences in Australia, Japan and Taiwan to reflect on what issues of local sociality, local culture and local resilience need to be attended to in framing ‘better’ disaster responses.     

Conversion of cropland into agroforestry land versus naturally-restored grassland alters soil macro-faunal diversity and trophic structure in the semi-arid agro-pasture zone of northern China

Restoration of cropland(termed 'Farm') after abandonment including shrubs(termed 'Shrub'),trees(termed 'Tree') and natural grassland(termed 'Grass') has become a routine process aimed to improve land productivity and control desertification. During this restoration process, soil macro-faunal diversity, and trophic structure were investigated at four types of sites(Farm, Shrub, Tree, and Grass)during growing season in the semi-arid agro-pasture zone of northern China. Results indicated that the Staphylinidae family was found to dominate at the Grass, Shrub, and Tree sites, whiles larval Pyralidae individuals were found at the Grass site only. The density of the omnivores(i.e., Formicidae family) was significantly(P<0.05) greater at the Grass site than at the Tree and Farm sites. The total density and richness of predator and phytophages were found to be markedly(P<0.05) greater at the Grass site than at the Farm site. Meanwhile, we found the taxon richness of predators was significantly(P<0.05) higher at the Shrub site than at the Farm and Tree sites. Compared with the Farm and afforested Shrub/Tree sites,the Grass site had greater density, taxon richness, and Shannon index(P<0.05). In conclusion, natural restoration of abandoned croplands toward grassland was an effective strategy relative to artificial afforestation for improvement of soil biological diversity. Moreover, planting shrub is a preferable measure in abandoned croplands for land development in the semi-arid agro-pasture zone of northern China.