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941.
In India, mangroves occupy 6740 km2 of which the Mahanadi delta andBhitarkanika mangrove forests of Orissa cover 191.44 km2, most of whichhas been severely overexploited. World wide concern to conserve mangrovesnecessitated propagation of mangroves to re-establish them on barren andswampy land along tidal creeks around Paradeep port of Orissa. Avicenniaofficinalis, Aegiceras corniculatum, Bruguiera parviflora, B. sexangula,Ceriops decandra, Excoecaria agallocha, Heritiera fomes, Kandelia candel,Rhizophora mucronata, Sonneratia apetala were vegetatively propagated andplanted over 10 ha of degraded salt-marshy wetlands of Mahanadi delta inpure and mixed stands depending on the intensity and the frequency of tidalinundation at the experimental site. Survival was significantly higher(80%) in S. apetala followed by A. officinalis, R. mucronata, K.candel and H. fomes (70–75%). S. apetala recorded the maximumgrowth in height (3.0 m after 2 years) whereas C. decandra showed theminimum growth (0.5 m). Growth performance was better with plants in mixedstands than the plantation with single species. This gives us hope topropagate and re-establish mangroves for conservation in scientificallymanaged plantations in a physiologically arid environment. 相似文献
942.
论一元立木材积模型的研建方法 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
对建立一元立木材积模型的两种常规方法进行了深入分析,提出了以树高—胸径模型为基础的二阶回归估计方法。利用该方法既可以提高模型切合性能,又能有效控制模型的拟合误差,并以西藏自治区的四旁树一元立木材积模型为例进行了说明。 相似文献
943.
Forage and wood yield of Acacia cyanophylla, also known as Acacia saligna, was studied in a 300–400 mm precipitation zone in Tunisia. Yields were measured during and after drought. This short (2–8
m) evergreen leguminous tree is used as a forage drought reserve in frost free regions where mean annual precipitation exceeds
250 mm. The standing crop of leafy forage builds up year after year for at least four years or until the tree is cut. It rapidly
regrows after cutting from coppice shoots. The leaves provide high protein forage for sheep and goats during the long dry
summer season typical of the Mediterranean climate as well as emergency forage during drought. The tree is used to stabilize
moving sand dunes, and as a windbreak to protect cropland. It also provides fuelwood and increasaes soil nitrogen by fixation.
The need for supplemental irrigation during establishment is a major constraint.
Research in the 350 mm precipitation zone of Tunisia found 3.2 year old trees to yield over 1400 kg of forage standing crop
per hectare after a severe drought. Trees harvested at 2.5 years of age in May, during the worst drought in over 30 years,
yielded a standing forage crop of 724 kg per hectare. Forage regrowth 8 months after cutting and 4 months after rains returned
was 700 kg/ha. The forage standing crop for trees harvested only once during the 3.2 year period was double the amount of
forage regrowth from trees harvested the previous year, but mean annual forage yield similar. This demonstrates that it is
possible for forage to be conserved as a living forage reserve for later use during drought. Total wood yield was only 1621
kg/ha for trees cut twice compared to 3683 kg/ha for trees cut only once.
Annual cutting will substantially reduce the amount of forage available during drought and reduce the production of fuelwood.
It may also reduce the vigor, productivity and life of the tree. Acacia cyanophylla alley cropped on cereal farmland can protect the soil from erosion, protect the associated crop from wind damage, fix nitrogen,
provide fuelwood and provide a reserve of high quality forage for use during drought.
This work was supported by the Government of Tunisia and the U.S.A.I.D. Tunisia Range Development and Management Project (664-0312.8). 相似文献
944.
945.
通过对多年来西双版纳高海拔山地逆温和橡胶树试种研究资料分析,论述了以坡向为主导因素的西双版纳高海拔山地小气候和精选橡胶树宜林地的问题,为制止盲目扩种橡胶树提供依据。 相似文献
946.
The conversion of anthropogenic into more natural, self-regenerating forests is one of the major objectives of forestry throughout
Europe. In this study, we present investigations on permanent plots with different silvicultural treatment in NE German pine
stands. Management of old-growth pine stands on acidic and nutrient-poor sandy sites differs in fencing, thinning, and planting
of certain tree species. The investigations were carried out on the community, population, and individual level of the pine
forest ecosystems. Thus, vegetation changes, size and height of tree populations, and height increment of tree individuals
were observed over a time span of 6 years. Special attention was paid to short-lived tree species such as, e.g., Frangula alnus and Sorbus aucuparia, as well as to Fagus sylvatica as one of the most typical forest tree species of Central Europe. Vegetation changes are interpreted as a consequence of
natural regeneration of formerly degraded forest sites, involving an increase in nutrient availability. High browsing pressure
can be considered as a key factor for the inhibition of tree seedlings and growth of saplings. Some Sorbus aucuparia individuals, however, succeeded in growing out of the browsing height also in unfenced stands. Few found specimens of Fagus sylvatica proved that this species is able to establish spontaneously on these relatively dry, acidic sites under continental climate
influence. Such natural regeneration processes, also including spontaneous rejuvenation of trees, can be integrated into silviculture
as passive forest conversion management. An active management like thinning of stands, planting of trees, and fencing can
accelerate forest conversion with regard to height growth and species number of trees. 相似文献
947.
948.
河南桧柏采用嫩枝“全光雾”扦插育苗,试验表明:对难生根珍贵树种用此法育苗可大大缩短育苗周期,提高苗木产量和质量,应大力推广此种育苗方法。 相似文献
949.
Alley cropping was introduced in the humid forest zone of Cameroon to increase soil fertility in 1987, but until 1992 the
adoption rate had remained low. To better understand the reasons behind this, three types of on farm trials were established
from fully researcher controlled to fully farmer controlled. During the evaluation of the technology with farmers a number
of modifications were registered (1) Pruning height and frequency: Because of the difficulties to consistently cut back at 30 cm, farmers decided to slash at ground level as they normally
do while slashing the natural fallow vegetation. This equally allowed for more flexibility in time of pruning. (2) Cropping intensity and pattern: Initially, alleys were cropped each year. This however had several shortcomings. Having observed the positive impact of
incidental fallow period in a farmer's field, it was decided to introduce a fallow phase of at least one year. During the
fallow period the plot can be used for fodder production, bee farming and production of stakes. (3) Residue management: Fire went incidentally in a farmer's tree plot after slashing, and the trees were not affected. This gave farmers an alternative
way to manage the residue, by controlling the fire, before bringing in other crops such as groundnut and cassava. (4) Agroforestry species: Because Leucaena leucocephala, in spite of it soil fertility restoration potential, rapidly became a noxious weed, farmers have asked for a less invasive
species. Calliandra calothyrsus was introduced for this purpose and became a good bee forage. With these modifications, the original alley cropping system
has evolved into a rotational tree fallow with higher adoption potential. From about 15 farmers who were testing the technology
in 1992, the number increased to 52 in 1996, 120 in 1997 and 236 in 1998.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
950.
Patterns of shoot elongation of 2-yr seedlings from native North American populations of ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir were compared to those of Argentine land races originating from unknown provenances. The comparisons were conducted in Moscow, Idaho (USA), and suggested that the ponderosa pine land race was descended from a California provenance at low or middle elevations but that the growth potential of the land race was only mediocre in comparison to eight native populations. The Douglas-fir land race exhibited a relatively high growth potential in comparison to 19 native provenances and undoubtedly originated from a mild coastal environment. The results provide concrete recommendations for upgrading the growth potential of the Argentine land races by importing germ plasm of specific provenances. 相似文献