黄瓜果实黑刺基因B2的遗传分析和定位

以黄瓜黑刺自交系PI197088(P1)和白刺自交系SA0422(P2)为亲本构建的592株F2群体为材料,对黄瓜果实黑刺基因B2进行定位研究。采用以下方法:(1)遗传分析:性状调查结果为F2群体中黑刺株与白刺株的分离比为9∶7,初步判定黑刺性状由2对基因控制。(2)测序比对:比对亲本中的黑刺基因B(Csa4G003095),发现SA0422的B基因转录区存在单碱基突变,引起转录本拼接异常,导致编码产物出现18个氨基酸的缺失。(3)基因分型:用与B基因紧密连锁的SSR标记分析表型为白刺的单株,结果呈现3种不同的基因型,推测在PI197088和SA0422及其后代群体中,果实黑刺性状由B基因和另一个基因(命名为B2)共同控制。(4)基因定位:利用该F2群体,通过分离群体分组分析法(bulked segregant analysis,BSA),筛选获得与B2基因连锁的SSR标记5个,构建了B2基因的SSR标记连锁群。得到以下分析结果:研究分析表明黄瓜果实黑刺由2对基因(B和B2基因)控制,本研究将B2基因定位于黄瓜第5号染色体上,与两侧最近的连锁标记(SSR13237和SSR03514)的遗传距离分别为12.94和2.42cM,这些结论为后续的B2基因精细定位奠定了基础。     

2种淫羊藿的光合日变化比较

拟巫山淫羊藿是首个实现人工栽培的淫羊藿属植物,箭叶淫羊藿的种植生产技术仍很不成熟。为了进一步研究2 种淫羊藿需光特性,为实际生产提供理论依据。本研究用CI-340 型光合测定系统原位测定自然生长条件下的拟巫山淫羊藿和箭叶淫羊藿光合作用的日变化,测定光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(C)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)、光合有效辐射(PAR)、相对湿度(RH)、气温(Ta)、表观叶肉导度(ALMC)、蒸腾速率(E)、叶温(Tl)、水分利用效率(WUE)等光合生理因子和环境因子,且采用相关分析、通径分析和多元逐步回归分析探讨净光合速率和生理因子的关系。结果表明：（1）拟巫山淫羊藿叶片净光合速率、表观叶肉导度和气孔导度均呈现“双峰型”变化,其净光合速率的日变化存在典型的“光合午休”现象;（2）箭叶淫羊藿的净光合速率和表观叶肉导度均高于拟巫山淫羊藿;（3）相关分析、通径分析和多元逐步回归分析表明,表观叶肉导度和胞间CO2浓度是影响2 种淫羊藿光合速率的主要因子,其中表观叶肉导度是最主要的影响因素。在实际生产中,应对2种淫羊藿采用不同的栽培策略。     

转基因植物中Bt Cry2Ab蛋白的抗原表位特征预测(英文)

[目的]通过生物信息学方法了解转基因作物中BtCry2Ab蛋白的二级结构、三级结构、B细胞抗原表位及T细胞抗原表位等结构特征,为今后的抗体设计奠定基础。[方法]以在NCBI数据库中获得Cry2Ab蛋白序列为材料,应用DNAStar中多种方法预测其B细胞表位,并通过在线预测软件NetMHCII2.2分析Cry2Ab蛋白与MHC-II类分子的结合能力从而预测其T细胞抗原表位。[结果]对Cry2Ab蛋白的B细胞抗原表位的预测表明,Cry2Ab蛋白的第208～215区域是潜在的B细胞抗原表位。对Cry2Ab蛋白与MHC-II类分子结合能力的分析表明,Cry2Ab蛋白的第177～185区域、299～307区域和255～263区域是潜在的T细胞抗原表位,暗示含有HLA-DRB10101和HLA-DRB10701等位基因的人群对Cry2Ab蛋白更敏感。[结论]该研究有助于深入了解Cry2Ab蛋白的生物学特征,为完善转基因食品过敏原性的评估方法提供新线索。     

施氮量对迟播油菜生长及氮素吸收的影响(英文)

[目的]分析氮肥对不同冬油菜品种越冬期营养生长和氮素吸收的影响。[方法]连续两年(2009-2011)田间试验,以早熟品种中油116和中晚熟品种中油杂12号为材料,设5种氮肥用量(0,90,180,270,360kg/hm2)。在越冬期对油菜干重,根系和地上部氮含量及比例,叶片硝酸还原酶活性进行测定,并对籽粒产量进行考查。[结果]中油116在施氮量从0增加到180kg/hm2时,地上部干重迅速增加;而在施氮量从180kg/hm2增加到360kg/hm2时,地上部干重缓慢增加。中油杂12号的地上部干重随施氮量的增加呈单峰曲线变化,在270kg/hm2时达到最大值。当施氮量从90kg/hm2到180kg/hm2时,地上部和根中的氮含量及比例均迅速增加,并且中油杂12号根中的氮含量及比例高于中油116。两个品种的硝酸还原酶活性在施氮量从90kg/hm2到180kg/hm2时增加最为明显。[结论]合理施用氮肥能够显著增加不同熟期油菜品种越冬期的干重及氮素吸收,并提高油菜产量。     

薇甘菊萎蔫病毒感染对薇甘菊光合特性和4种酶活性的影响

为明确薇甘菊萎蔫病毒(Mikania micrantha wilt virus,MMWV)对薇甘菊(Mikania micrantha)叶片生理生化的影响,探讨了MMWV侵染对薇甘菊叶片超氧化物岐化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)、多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalanine ammonia-lyase,PAL)活性及叶绿素总含量和光合特性的影响.结果表明:MMWV感染薇甘菊16d内叶片的SOD活性均比对照组高,其中第16天达最大值,但接种后第24和32天SOD活性分别比对照低了13.28％和25.37％;POD活性在接种后16-32d均显著高于对照.PPO和PAL变化趋势相似,在接种后第8天这两个酶的活性分别比对照高了77.75％和23.58％,而在第32天分别比对照减少了14.27％和20.53％.随着侵染时间的增加,感病薇甘菊叶片中叶绿素含量减少,叶绿素a/b值逐步降低;同时最大净光合速率(Pmax)和光饱和点(LSP)分别比健康对照减少了32.34％和12.52％,而对暗呼吸速率(Rd),光补偿点(LCP)和表观量子效率(AQY)无显著影响.表明MMWV侵染可减低薇甘菊叶片光合作用的效率.     

一株禾谷镰刀菌拮抗菌株的筛选及鉴定

【目的】筛选对禾谷镰刀菌具有高拈抗活性的微生物菌株,探索小麦赤霉病的生物防治方法。【方法】用稀释平板涂布法及平板对峙法从24份取白河南郑州近郊、信阳、新乡、商丘、开封等地区发生小麦赤霉病的出间上样中分离、筛选禾谷镰刀菌的拈抗菌株。【结果】从24份土样中分离纯化到65株菌株,对峙实验发现其中8株对禾谷镰刀菌具有拈抗作用,其中,菌株Jc-07的拮抗效果最佳。根据形态特征、生理生化特性和16SrDNA序列分析,将菌侏Jc-07初步鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌（Bacillusamyloliquefaciens）。抑菌实验表明,菌株Jc-07发酵滤液明显抑制禾谷镰刀菌的菌丝生长,使禾谷镰刀菌孢子萌发率显著降低。【结论】筛选得到的菌株Jc-07对禾谷镰刀菌具有较高的拈抗活性,具有防治小麦赤霉病的潜在应用价值。     

甘蔗B家族蔗糖磷酸合成酶基因SotSPSB的克隆及原核表达

【目的】克隆甘蔗B家族s0心PsB基因并进行原核表达,为进一步研究甘蔗SPS酶学特性及SPS活性调控机制奠定基础。【方法】在进化分析的基础上,通过同源克隆获得甘蔗SofSPSB基因部分序列,再结合RACE技术获得全长cDNA序列。扩增SofSPSB基因ORF并连到原核表达载体pETBlue－2上导入大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中表达。【结果】通过比对B家族中进化关系很近的玉米（Zeamays）ZmSPS1和水稻（Oryzasativa）OsSPS1基因序列,并在保守区设计一对引物扩增获得甘蔗B家族SPS基因（SolSPSB）2330bp序列。结合5’－RACE和3’－RACE技术获得3481 bp SofSPSB基因全长cDNA序列,该序列包含一个3225bp的开放阅读框（0I江）;起始密码子（ATG）位于转录起始位点后56bp处,终止密码子（TGA）后有一段201bp的非编码序列,并带有真核生物典型的polyA尾巴;编码1074个氨基酸,SofSPSB与Zm—SPS1、OsSPS1的核苷酸序列同源性分别为94．7％和81．3％,氨基酸序列同源性分别为96．0％和83．9％;其理论分子量Mw=118．96kDa,等电点pI=6．30。经原核表达后纯化获得带6xHis标签的融合蛋白。【结论】克隆获得甘蔗B家族Sol-SPSB基因全长cDNA序列,成功构建了SoPSPSB基因原核表达载体,使其在大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）中表达。     

Aurasperone A Inhibits SARS CoV-2 In Vitro: An Integrated In Vitro and In Silico Study

Several natural products recovered from a marine-derived Aspergillus niger were tested for their inhibitory activity against SARS CoV-2 in vitro. Aurasperone A (3) was found to inhibit SARS CoV-2 efficiently (IC₅₀ = 12.25 µM) with comparable activity with the positive control remdesivir (IC₅₀ = 10.11 µM). Aurasperone A exerted minimal cytotoxicity on Vero E6 cells (CC₅₀ = 32.36 mM, SI = 2641.5) and it was found to be much safer than remdesivir (CC₅₀ = 415.22 µM, SI = 41.07). To putatively highlight its molecular target, aurasperone A was subjected to molecular docking against several key-viral protein targets followed by a series of molecular dynamics-based in silico experiments that suggested M^pro to be its primary viral protein target. More potent anti-SARS CoV-2 M^pro inhibitors can be developed according to our findings presented in the present investigation.     

Boron toxicity of strawberry

Abstract

Radlands Crimson strawberries were grown in a glasshouse with 7 rates of applied boron. Wood shavings mulches with different boron concentrations were also applied as separate treatments. Boron toxicity symptoms were produced in leaves by boron rates of 0.32 kg ha^‐1 and greater on a soil containing 1.6 ug B g^‐1 of hot water extractable boron. Concentrations greater than 123 μg B g^‐1 in old leaves were associated with boron toxicity symptoms.

In the B rate experiment, soil boron concentrations greater than 1.9 μg B g^‐1 soil were associated with leaf toxicity symptoms which increased in severity with increasing soil boron concentrations up to 4.1 μg B g^‐1 soil. Wood shavings mulch containing 17 μg B g^‐1 caused boron toxicity symptoms in older leaves whereas mulches containing less than 6 μg B g^‐1 did not produce toxicity symptoms.     

Inhibitory effects of furanone metabolites of a rhizobacterium, Pseudomonas jessenii, on phytopathogenic Aphanomyces cochlioides and Pythium aphanidermatum

An antagonistic rhizobacterium, Pseudomonas jessenii EC-S101, isolated from the rhizosphere of spinach, produces two related secondary metabolites, 3-[(1 R )-hydroxyoctyl]-5-methylene-2(5 H )-furanone (4,5-didehydroacaterin) (1) and 3-[(1 R )-hydroxyhexyl]-5-methylene-2(5 H )-furanone (2). This study demonstrated their in vitro inhibitory effects, in particular those of (1), against Aphanomyces cochlioides AC-5 and Pythium aphanidermatum PA-5. The compounds inhibited radial growth and induced morphological abnormalities characterized by hyperbranching and periodic swelling in AC-5 and PA-5 hyphae, respectively. Staining with rhodamine-phalloidin, which binds to plasma-membrane-associated filamentous-actin (F-actin), revealed that tip-specific actin filaments were remodelled into a plaque-like form at an early stage of encounter (up to 24 h) with (1) or (2), whereas at later stages of encounter (48 h), the plaques were eliminated, reflecting the disorganization of actin arrays in the morphologically abnormal AC-5 and PA-5 hyphae. A similar response of actin disorganization was observed in AC-5 and PA-5 hyphae upon treatment with latrunculin B (3), an actin-assembly inhibitor produced by a sea sponge. It is suggested that (1) and (2) caused actin disorganization and their inhibitory activities were comparable to that of (3). Further ultrastructural observations substantiated abnormal functioning and delocalization of F-actin-linked cell organelles.