Site index models for Calabrian pine in the central Mediterranean region of Turkey

Stem analysis data of 432 trees were obtained from even-aged, pure natural stands of Calabrian pine in the central Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Eight dynamic site equations derived with the Generalized Algebraic Difference Approach (GADA) were compared, based on autoregressive analysis and a thorough evaluation of the goodness of fit. We used generalized nonlinear least squares methods for model fitting. The adjusted coefficients of determination (0.9825–0.9842), root-mean-square errors (0.8004–0.8435 m), and Akaike’s information criterion differences (0–145) indicated a good fit of the eight site index equations. The Hossfeld equation (M3) provided the best result. The Durbin-Watson test statistic did not reveal an autocorrelation issue while the Hossfeld equation provided a satisfactory solution to the serial correlation problem in stem analysis data as time series using autoregressive modeling. This study presents new site index models for Calabrian pine forests in the central Mediterranean region of Turkey where it is the most important commercial tree species. The site index equation, based on the Hossfeld model is recommended for height growth prediction and site classification of Calabrian pine stands in the central Mediterranean region of Turkey, providing a new basis for growth prediction and yield estimation in these important forest ecosystems.     

俄罗斯杨树几个品系区域化试验

通过引进俄罗斯新西伯利亚杨树N12、N2、N25、SL-1、N21和高加索6个品系,在黑河、大兴安岭和伊春地区进行区域化对比试验.结果表明:高加索品系在黑河地区生长表现较好,N2品系在大兴安岭和伊春地区生长表现较好,且各品系在区域化试验地未发生冻害及病虫害.经综合测试和评价后初步认为,高加索品系可在黑河区域栽培示范推广...     

Anti-diabetic effects of emodin involved in the activation of PPARγ on high-fat diet-fed and low dose of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice

Rheum palmatum Linn has been widely applied in the clinical treatment of diabetes mellitus. It has been found that emodin as the major bioactive component of R. palmatum L exhibits the competency to activate peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) in vitro. So the aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-diabetic effects of emodin through the activation of PPARγ on high-fat diet-fed and low dose of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. The diabetic mice were intraperitoneally injected with emodin for three weeks. No changes of food consumption and the body weight in emodin-treated mice were monitored daily during the entire experiment. At the end of experiment, the levels of blood glucose, triglyceride and total cholesterol in serum were significantly decreased after emodin treatment. However, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc) concentration was significantly elevated. The glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in emodin-treated group were significantly improved. Furthermore, the results of quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that emodin significantly elevated the mRNA expression level of PPARγ and regulated the mRNA expressions of LPL, FAT/CD36, resistin and FABPs (ap2) in liver and adipocyte tissues. No effects on the mRNA expressions of PPARα and PPARα-target genes were observed. Taken together, the results suggested that the activation of PPARγ and the modulation of metabolism-related genes were likely involved in the anti-diabetic effects of emodin.     

地域文化视角下绿道公共空间品质提升策略——以北京北中轴体育文化城为例

绿道作为城市公共空间之一,与居民的日常生活息息相关。由于我国城市建设速度不断加快,城市公共空间的品质难以得到保障。因此,本文以北京市北中轴体育文化城作为研究对象,从地域文化的视角出发,在城市设计层面提出优化绿道公共空间品质的策略,以期传承地域文化,为人们提供良好的城市公共空间环境。     

圆盘豆热处理材颜色变化及其变化机理

试验采用过热蒸汽作为传热介质和保护气体,对圆盘豆木材进行热处理,热处理温度为160℃、180℃、200℃、220℃,热处理时间为2h、4h、6h、8h,并采用紫外光谱和气-质联用对圆盘豆木粉抽提物进行分析。结果表明,热处理后圆盘豆木材颜色发生明显变化。随着热处理温度升高,木材明度L*下降,红绿色品指数a*变化不明显,黄蓝色品指数b*下降,色差△E*增大,木材表面颜色加深,其主要原因是木素及木材抽提物发生了氧化、还原反应。     

巨桉优良无性系组培及区域试验

通过对巨桉11个优良无性系组培快繁研究,结果表明,巨桉外植体诱导以B1为基本培养基添加激素BA 0.4 mg.L-1和NAA 0.1～0.5 mg.L-1,诱导外植体最佳,诱导率可达79%以上;丛芽苗增殖调节培养基中激素浓度和基本培养中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe的浓度配比使其芽体健壮,加快繁殖速度;生根培养以B2为基本培养基添加ABT 0.5 mg.L-1+IBA0.1～0.5 mg.L-1生根率可达80%以上;组培苗移栽基质选用泥炭土和竹炭肥,成活率达90%以上。区域试验表明:巨桉是较理想的速生耐寒桉树树种,可耐寒-4℃左右。     

区域景观生态规划中的绿化程序设计

区域景观生态规划中绿化程序是:(1)确立区域绿化目标;(2)地点调查;(3)地点分析;(4)地表准备;(5)绿化实施;(6)长期监控和管理.对程序各个环节的技术细节作了较详尽的论述.     

核桃种仁粗脂肪和氨基酸含量的差异性分析

以四川西南地区4个核桃类群为试材,对种仁样品进行了粗脂肪、氨基酸成分的测定与比较分析．结果表明:泡核桃粗脂肪含量与其它3个类群存在明显差异,为744．211 mg·g~(-1);不同类群间氨基酸含量差异显著,夹米核桃表现最优,为223．657 mg·g~(-1),而泡核桃仅有132．249 mg·g~(-1);核桃种仁氨基酸种类丰富,其中含有7种人体必需氨基酸,必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的29．02%,且比例相对稳定,变异系数仅为3．17%;除蛋氨酸外,另外6种必需氨基酸含量及氨基酸总量存在较大变异,均超过16%．     

谈砖砌体裂缝原因及其防治

分析了砖砌体裂缝的三种原因:即温差变形引发的、地基基础不均匀沉降引起的及特殊砌体材料产生的裂缝;并阐明了防治裂缝的对策.     

A review of stand basal area growth models

Growth and yield modeling has a long history in forestry. The methods of measuring the growth of stand basal area have evolved from those developed in the U.S.A. and Germany during the last century. Stand basal area modeling has progressed rapidly since the first widely used model was published by the U.S. Forest Service. Over the years, a variety of models have been developed for predicting the growth and yield of uneven/even-aged stands using stand-level approaches. The modeling methodology has not only moved from an empirical approach to a more ecological process-based approach but also accommodated a variety of techniques such as: 1) simultaneous equation methods, 2) difference models, 3) artificial neural network techniques, 4) linear/nonlinear regres-sion models, and 5) matrix models. Empirical models using statistical methods were developed to reproduce accurately and precisely field observations. In contrast, process models have a shorter history, developed originally as research and education tools with the aim of increasing the understanding of cause and effect relationships. Empirical and process models can be married into hybrid mod-els in which the shortcomings of both component approaches can, to some extent, be overcome. Algebraic difference forms of stand basal area models which consist of stand age, stand density and site quality can fully describe stand growth dynamics. This paper reviews the current literature regarding stand basal area models, discusses the basic types of models and their merits and outlines recent progress in modeling growth and dynamics of stand basal area. Future trends involving algebraic difference forms, good fitting variables and model types into stand basal area modeling strategies are discussed.