转基因与野生唐鱼耐温限度及窒息点的比较研究

对转红色荧光蛋白基因唐鱼、野生型唐鱼Ⅰ和野生型唐鱼Ⅱ的耐温和耐氧能力进行比较研究。结果表明,在驯化温度为30 °C,升温速率为1 °C / h时,三种唐鱼的半致死高温分别为：38.53±0.08 °C、38.28±0.29 °C和38.55±0.09 °C。在驯化温度为25 °C,降温速率为2 °C / 24h时,三种唐鱼的半致死低温分别为：1.13±0.40 °C、1.26±0.10 °C和1.21±0.12 °C。恒温25 °C时,测定三种唐鱼的窒息点分别为：0.66±0.02 mg/L、0.74±0.21 mg/L和0.51±0.01 mg/L。差异显著性检验表明,三种唐鱼对温度和溶氧的耐受力无显著性差异。     

养殖克氏原螯虾体内白斑综合征病毒的绝对定量分析

近年来克氏原螯虾的养殖受到WSSV的威胁,病毒在宿主组织中的绝对定量对于了解病毒的致病性具有重要意义,但克氏原螯虾组织中WSSV的绝对定量分布还有待研究。实验调查了湖北省5个主养区克氏原螯虾WSSV的感染率,结果表明80%以上克氏原螯虾都携带有WSSV。采用WSSV-VP28蛋白特异性抗体对克氏原螯虾提取蛋白进行Western Blot检测,在WSSV-PCR阳性样品中可检测到VP28特异性条带,在WSSV-PCR阴性样品中没有检测到相应条带。采用实验室建立的WSSV绝对定量PCR方法,对携带病毒的克氏原螯虾6个组织(鳃、胃、肠、血淋巴细胞、肝胰腺和心脏)进行检测。结果表明,在鳃、胃和肠可检测到较多病毒量(约108拷贝/mg),其次是血淋巴细胞(107拷贝/mg)、肝胰腺(106拷贝/mg),在心脏中病毒的含量最低(103拷贝/mg),表明病毒的复制存在组织特异性。结果显示WSSV主要存在于消化系统中,预示着克氏原螯虾可能主要在摄食过程中感染WSSV;不同地区克氏原螯虾组织病毒携带量表现出一定差异,预示着WSSV感染可能受到环境因素的影响。     

全氟辛烷磺酸钾对真鲷谷胱甘肽质量分数和谷胱甘肽转硫酶活性的影响

为了解全氟辛烷磺酸钾（PFOS）对海洋鱼类抗氧化防御系统的毒性效应及致毒机理,在实验室条件下研究了PFOS胁迫和净水恢复过程中真鲷（Pagrosomus major）鳃组织和肝脏组织内谷胱甘肽（GSH）质量分数与谷胱甘肽转硫酶（GST）活性的变化。结果显示,胁迫开始时鳃中w（GSH）在低浓度组出现诱导,中、高浓度组出现抑制现象,随着胁迫时间的延长,各浓度组处于显著诱导水平（P〈0.01）;肝脏中w（GSH）在胁迫第15天时各浓度组中出现显著的剂量效应,w（GSH）随着PFOS曝露浓度的升高而降低。真鲷2种组织的GST活性变化与各自组织中w（GSH）的变化趋势相近。净水恢复期内个别浓度组的指标恢复到对照组水平,说明真鲷可以修复PFOS胁迫造成的损伤。结果表明,PFOS在试验条件下对真鲷有显著的毒性作用,可能对海洋高等生物存在潜在性危害,应对其海洋环境风险评价加以关注。     

“红肉病”文蛤的组织病理学

利用组织学和组织化学方法,在光镜水平下研究了患“红肉病”文蛤(Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus)的组织病理学变化特征。结果显示,患病文蛤的病理学变化主要表现为组织结构紊乱,上皮膨大、脱落,鳃、外套膜、消化盲囊等组织发现异常结构及寄生物,如嗜碱性的包涵体、嗜酸性颗粒及寄生性原生动物等。另外,组织化学研究结果显示,病蛤在糖含量、磷酸酶活性等方面也有明显变化,表现为消化盲囊、肠等部位吸收细胞内糖含量增加。消化盲囊、消化管各处酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性减弱,碱性磷酸酶活性(AKP)增强。鳃组织ACP活性增强,AKP活性减弱等。     

板叶红瓤萝卜新品种‘潍萝卜2号’

 ‘潍萝卜2号’萝卜新品种是由‘VL02-21’בVL02-23’杂交育成的萝卜一代杂种。该品种优质、丰产、适应性强。从播种到商品成熟80d,生长势中等,抗病毒病、霜霉病和软腐病等病害,板叶,叶色深绿有12-16片,小顶小根,肉质根近圆球形,肉质鲜艳呈紫红色,单根重1㎏,产量36.72～41.68 t·hm^-2,适合山东及华北地区和东北三省秋季种植。     

Crunoecia irrorata (Curtis) (Trichoptera: Lepidostomatidae) and conservation of boreal springs: indications of clustering of red‐listed species

• 1. Crunoecia irrorata is widely dispersed across Europe, but rare and red‐listed in Finland. Its geographical range comprises most of the southern boreal zone in Fennoscandia. The species is confined to springs in the north, but occurs also in lower reaches of headwater streams in central and western Europe. It becomes more rare and less abundant towards the limits of its range across Europe, showing diffusive rarity. Glacial history and climate limit the distribution of the species in the north.
• 2. The most important habitat characteristic for C. irrorata in Finland was the total area of helocrene habitats. Its occurrence was positively related to taxon richness of benthic macroinvertebrates, but not bryophytes. Co‐occurrence of C. irrorata with other red‐listed spring‐dependent taxa was observed, indicating high conservation value of the springs occupied.
• 3. Crunoecia irrorata occurred frequently in moderately disturbed springs, indicating tolerance to human disturbance around springs. However, the effect of the disturbance on population size is not known. Forestry and water and gravel extraction are potential threats to C. irrorata, and only a few of its populations are strictly protected. Therefore, populations of C. irrorata in the boreal zone should be conserved and monitored to ensure the species' survival at the northern limits of its range.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of different dietary protein and lipid levels on growth, feed utilization and body composition of red porgy (Pagrus pagrus) fingerlings

Two feeding trials were conducted to determine the minimum dietary protein level producing maximum growth, and the optimum protein to energy ratio in diets for red porgy (Pagrus pagrus) fingerlings, respectively. In the first trial, six isoenergetic diets were formulated with protein levels ranging from 400 to 650 g kg^?1 in increments of 50 g kg^?1, and fed for 11 weeks to 2.8 g average initial weight fish. Weight gain, specific growth rate and feed efficiency were significantly higher with diets containing higher protein levels, when compared with dietary levels below 500 g kg^?1. The highest protein efficiency ratios were obtained in fish fed 500 g kg^?1 dietary protein. The minimum dietary protein level producing maximum fish growth was found to be 500 g kg^?1. In the second trial, 15 g average initial weight fish were fed for 12 weeks, six diets containing three different lipid levels (100, 150 and 200 g kg^?1) combined with two protein levels (450 and 500 g kg^?1). Weight gain values increased when dietary lipids increased from 100 to 150 g kg^?1, with a further decrease for 200 g kg^?1 lipids in diets; the lowest fish growth being supported by 200 g kg^?1 dietary lipids. Fish growth was significantly higher when dietary protein increased from 450 to 500 g kg^?1. There was no evidence of a protein‐sparing effect of dietary lipids. Liver protein and lipid contents were low when compared with other fish species. All diet assayed produced high liver glycogen accumulation. The recommended protein and lipid levels in diets for red porgy fingerlings were 500 and 150 g kg^?1, respectively.     

福建定海湾一次东海原甲藻与夜光藻双相赤潮浅析

通过对2010年6月7—13日发生在福建定海湾的一次东海原甲藻与夜光藻双相赤潮进行跟踪监测,分析并探讨了该次双相赤潮生消过程。本次赤潮暴发时海区表层水温范围为22.8~23.2℃,盐度范围为28.24~28.36;本次赤潮暴发后,监测结果显示该海区表层水体中夜光藻的大量存在对东海原甲藻的快速增长无摄食压力,而且在夜光藻大量存在的表层水体中活性磷酸盐及氨氮含量与正常海区相比均明显偏高,另外海区表层水体中东海原甲藻在赤潮暴发后仍能快速生长。     

厦门海域一次冬季血红哈卡藻赤潮的初步分析

本文根据2009年1—2月厦门海域一次冬季血红哈卡藻赤潮的调查数据,分析本次赤潮的变化特点,并对血红哈卡藻与环境因子的关系进行初步分析。结果表明:本次赤潮是厦门海域有记载的赤潮中,发生时间最早、持续时间最长的赤潮。赤潮中血红哈卡藻比中肋条藻更具竞争优势,对水温变化的适应性很强。盐度对血红哈卡藻的繁殖具有刺激作用。在无机磷限制环境中,血红哈卡藻更具竞争优势,而无机氮含量高有利于血红哈卡藻的生长。     

Studies on post‐reddening changes in amino acid content leaves of hirsutum cotton and its control with chemicals

The aspartic acid,tyrosine and serine contents of leaves were found reduced in prematurely reddened leaves of hirsutum cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) as compared to healthy green leaves. Amino acids other than those listed above were higher in the affected red leaves. Amino acids threonine and proline increased 63.7 and 2.3 fold over green leaves respectively. Chemical sprays not only maintained the levels of various amino acids at par with green leaf but tended to increase the concentration above the levels obtained in normally found green leaf. However, threonine level was dropped in treated leaves as compared to partly affected red leaf and chemical sprays significantly reduced the leaf reddening when it was sprayed before flowering. It can be suggested that the leaf reddening can possibly be arrested by monitoring threonine content in leaves of hirsutum cotton ov. L‐147.