大丽花花粉活力及离体萌发研究

为筛选大丽花花粉活力有效的测定方法,了解大丽花不同品种的花粉活力,以大丽花栽培品种为试验材料,采用4种方法检测大丽花花粉活力,在此基础上,采用单因素试验和正交设计试验分别对大丽花花粉的离体萌发培养条件及培养基组分进行优化,得到最优方案后进一步检测、比较不同品种之间的花粉活力。研究结果显示,TTC染色法不能使花粉着色,I₂-KI和孢粉染色法不能有效区分有活力和无活力花粉,离体萌发法效果良好,可准确直观地反映大丽花花粉活力状况, 是测定大丽花花粉活力的有效方法。当培养条件为pH 6.0、温度25℃、培养时间2.5 h时,花粉萌发率最高。培养基组分对大丽花花粉萌发的影响程度依次为PEG>蔗糖>硼酸,实际最佳处理组合为A₃B₄C₂,即PEG4000 25 g/L、蔗糖60 g/L、硼酸50 mg/L的处理组合下,大丽花花粉萌发率最高达62.1%。采用上述获得的最优方案检测22个大丽花品种的花粉活力,花粉萌发率为11.75%~78.72%,不同品种的花粉萌发率差异大,其中,‘兰花公主’的花粉萌发率最低,‘波彻儿’最高。大丽花品种的花粉活力多样性丰富,所测定的22个大丽花品种有14个品种正常可育,杂交时可用作父本;8个品种为半不育或低不育,杂交时更适合作母本。     

培育刺玫月季新品种的初步研究(Ⅲ)——部分亲本及杂交种的花粉形态分析

采用扫描电镜,对刺玫月季育种中使用的5个杂交亲本和3个F_1杂种花粉,进行观察和研究。通过对花粉形态的比较研究,讨论花粉败育对刺玫月季育种的影响,及亲本与杂交种在花粉外壁纹饰上的相关性。     

地中海仙客来花粉生活力研究

为进行种内繁殖及种间杂交,利用TTC染色法对4种不同类型的地中海仙客来花粉活力进行测定,同时利用I₂-KI染色法和花粉萌发法对H型花粉活力进行了测定。结果表明：TTC染色法是测定地中海仙客来花粉生活力的最佳方法。不同类型地中海仙客来在花粉活力及持续期上均存在明显差异;开花后第2~3天是采集花粉的最佳时期;H型及B型花粉开花后第5天,L型第7天,X型第12天花粉生活力仍在40%以上,可利用此花粉进行授粉。本研究为地中海仙客来杂交授粉提供了重要依据。     

杉木花粉几个性状分析

本文对不同地理种源杉木花粉的形态、微观形态、花粉壁的结构、花粉萌发、过氧化物酶同工酶及其变异进行了分析。杉木花粉有一个萌发孔;花粉外壁为颗粒状纹饰;花粉壁可分为外壁和内壁,外壁又可分为外壁外层和外壁内层。变异分析结果表明,杉木花粉的颜色、形态、萌发孔及萌发后花粉管生长长度各种源间存在差异。     

Differential Response of Southern US Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars to Ultraviolet‐B Radiation

Elevated ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B; between 290 and 320 nm) radiation, because of depletion of the stratospheric ozone layer, is one of the major environmental factors influencing plant metabolic processes and yield. The southern US rice cultivars contribute greatly towards US rice production, but the effects of elevated UV‐B radiation on these cultivars are not well known. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of elevated UV‐B radiation on leaf photosynthetic rate (P_n), membrane stability, pollen viability, phenolic concentration and yield of eight commercially popular southern US rice cultivars (five inbred cultivars and three hybrids). Plants were grown in a temperature‐controlled greenhouse in Beaumont, TX, USA, and were exposed to UV‐B radiation of 0, 8 or 16 kJ m^?2 day^?1 for 90 days. For most of the cultivars, plants grown under 8 or 16 kJ UV‐B radiation showed significant decreases in P_n, membrane stability, pollen viability, and yield compared with the plants grown under an UV‐B‐free environment, whereas there was a significant increase in leaf phenolic concentration under 16 kJ UV‐B radiation. The hybrid ‘Clearfield XL729’ performed best among the selected southern US rice cultivars under 16 kJ UV‐B radiation.     

西葫芦单倍体诱导及分子检测鉴定

以3种基因型西葫芦为试材,探讨不同基因型与花粉辐照剂量(25～400 Gy)对西葫芦单倍体植株诱导的影响.结果表明,基因型与辐照剂量对植株坐果率和单倍体诱导率均有显著影响.辐照剂量率2 Gy/min,剂量125～250 Gy比较适宜西葫芦单倍体的诱导,获得的再生植株较多,有利于单倍体植株的产生.单倍体植株主要由点状胚与...     

离子注入对雪松花粉粒萌发与花粉管生长的影响

用激光扫描共聚焦显微技术(LSCM)研究了低能离子注入对雪松花粉管萌发和生长的影响。结果表明,低剂量(1×1015ions/cm2)注入对雪松花粉粒萌发没有明显的影响;3×1015ions/cm2和5×1015ions/cm2离子注入可以刺激花粉粒萌发;高剂量(等于或大于7×1015ions/cm2)的离子注入会显著抑制花粉粒萌发。离子注入对雪松花粉管的伸长和花粉管的形态特征有比较明显的影响,花粉管受到的损伤程度与离子注入剂量有一定的相关性。     

蜂花粉醇提物对衰老小鼠学习、记忆及脑组织抗氧化能力的影响

试验旨在探讨蜂花粉醇提物（ethanol extracts from bee pollen,EEBP）对D-半乳糖诱导的衰老雄性小鼠学习、记忆和脑组织抗氧化能力的影响。以昆明种雄性小鼠为研究对象,按体重随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组和低、中、高剂量（400、800、1 600 mg/kg体重）EEBP组。除正常对照组外,其余各组小鼠每天颈背部皮下注射500 mg/kg体重 D-半乳糖0.2 mL,正常对照组注射等体积的生理盐水。EEBP组小鼠每天灌胃0.3 mL EEBP悬浮液,对照组小鼠灌胃等体积的蒸馏水,试验期56 d。采用Y型迷宫和跳台仪测试小鼠学习记忆能力,同时测定各组小鼠脑组织超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px）、过氧化氢酶（catalase,CAT）的活力及丙二醛（ma1ondialdehvde,MDA）的含量。结果表明,EEBP能显著降低D-半乳糖诱导的衰老小鼠Y型迷宫的学习次数,提高正确次数,延长跳台潜伏期,降低错误次数;提高衰老模型小鼠脑组织SOD、GSH-Px和CAT活性,降低MDA含量。以上结果说明EEBP可以改善D-半乳糖致衰老模型小鼠学习、记忆能力,提高脑组织的抗氧化能力,具有一定延缓脑衰老的作用。     

广西荔枝资源花粉形态观测

[目的]观测广西荔枝资源花粉形态和大小,为进一步研究野生、半野生荔枝及荔枝栽培品种的遗传演化提供参考.[方法]在光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜下观察广西野生荔枝、半野生荔枝及荔枝栽培品种的花粉形态,计算花粉极轴长与赤道轴长比例P/E及内部差异大小(标准差).[结果]广西野生荔枝、半野生荔枝及荔枝栽培品种的共同特征是:花粉粒赤道面观为椭圆形或近圆形,极面观为钝三角形,具三孔沟,三沟在极面分离;野生荔枝花粉P/E显著大于半野生荔枝和荔枝栽培品种的花粉P/E(P＜0.05),而半野生荔枝和荔枝栽培品种花粉P/E差异不显著(P＞0.05);荔枝栽培品种花粉P/E与单果重呈极显著负相关(P＜0.01),方程式为y=-74.553x+82.004.[结论]根据荔枝花粉P/E大小推测广西荔枝栽培品种是由野生类群和半野生类群向栽培品种发展而来.花粉形态不宜作为区分广西野生荔枝、半野生荔枝和荔枝栽培品种的依据.     

Barriers to hybridization of Solanum bulbocastanum Dun. and S. Verrucosum Schlechtd. and structural hybridity in their F1 plants

Summary Results of reciprocal crosses between Solanum verrucosum (2n=2x=24) and S. bulbocastanum (2n=2x=24) are described in terms of pollen tube behaviour in styles, of berry and seed set, of fertility and of meiotic behaviour of the F₁ hybrids. Pollen tube growth of S. verrucosum is strongly inhibited in styles of S. bulbocastanum, whereas no inhibition is observed in the reciprocal cross. Therefore S. bulbocastanum x S. verrucosum fails to set berries or seeds, whereas the reciprocal cross produces both berries (54.4% berry set) and seeds (0.3 per berry). Only 14.6% of the seeds germinate. Both the diploid and corresponding tetraploid hybrid plants are vigorous, flower abundantly, have a rather regular meiosis (mainly rod bivalents), but show a high degree of cytoplasmic-genic male sterility. Crossability of the diploid hybrid plants is nil when used as pollen parents and near to zero when used as pistillate parents. The barriers to hybridization of the parent species (unilateral inhibition of pollen tube growth, somatoplastic sterility, cytoplasmic-genic male sterility and structural differences of the parental chromosomes) are discussed and methods are suggested to overcome these barriers.