Evaluation of the carryover effect of antibiotic,bee pollen and propolis on growth performance,carcass traits and splenic and hepatic histology of growing rabbits

Sixty‐four nulliparous female rabbits were distributed among eight groups (eight animals/group). Group one was the unsupplemented control group; the other seven groups were supplemented with zinc bacitracin (ZnB) at 100 mg, or bee pollen (BP) and/or propolis (Pro) at 150 and 300 mg in a capsulated form, three times a week, day after day, continuously all over the experimental period. The experiment was run for eight parties; at each parity, 28 kids of each doe group (a total of 224 rabbits) were divided into two subgroups weaned, respectively, at 24 and 30 days of age. Thus, for each parity, there were 16 groups (eight does treatments × two weaning age, 14 rabbits per group). The growing rabbits fed the standard diets without supplements. The growth performance, the carcass traits, the liver and the spleen histology of rabbits were checked up to 90 days of age to find possible carryover effects of the supplements. The supplements had no significant effect on most of the growth performance at 90 days of age, but BP150 and BP+Pro300 increased the growth rate in comparison with ZnB group. The liver weight in the control, BP300 and Pro300 groups was higher than the ZnB one. The spleen weight was higher in the groups ZnB, BP150, Pro300 and BP+Pro300, followed by the control, BP300 and BP+Pro150 and thus Pro150. The heart % in the BP150 and Pro300 groups was higher than ZnB and BP+Pro150 groups. A lymphoid hyperplasia of splenic white pulp was observed in the BP+Pro groups, while propolis alone showed a mild activation of lymphobiosis. The Pro and BP groups showed the same picture of the control group exhibiting a hydropic degeneration of mostly hepatic cells, while the ZnB group exhibited adverse effect on the bile ducts featuring portal periductal inflammatory cells infiltration with epithelial hyperplasia reflecting chronic cholangitis.     

木棉雄蕊特征与其繁殖策略的关系分析

采用野外观察和实验室检测方法,对云南省个旧市冷墩村的木棉花部结构、雄蕊特征、花粉活性进行研究。结果表明,自然种群中花部形态特征具有一定变异性,3层雄蕊变异系数大小关系显著。在湿度为60%、温度为35℃时花粉活性最强。研究发现,木棉雄蕊长短变化可能有利于不同传粉生物传粉效率提高和增强适应性;木棉高层雄蕊花药个体大、花粉数量多、活性高,适应干热河谷传粉繁殖条件;温度较低时,底层花药花粉活力相对较高,可为逆境环境下木棉高层花药受损后提供后备花粉源。文章就木棉花部形态与繁殖关系、木棉形态及花粉活力对繁殖的影响进行讨论。     

Water Deficit Reduced Fertility of Young Microspores Resulting in a Decline of Viable Mature Pollen and Grain Set in Rice

Pollen formation in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) is highly vulnerable to environmental stresses such as heat, chilling and drought. In rice plants exposed to drought during male reproductive development, the most obvious damage often observed is a decline in the number of engorged pollen and grain set. This has been well characterized in rice under chilling and to a lesser extent under drought stress. Moreover, detailed literature on the immediate effects of drought on developing young microspores in rice is still limited. Here, we report findings from experiments on rice plants exposed to water deficit for three consecutive days during early stages of anther development. When the osmotic potential of the growing medium was equal to or less than −0.5 MPa, as induced by polyethylene glycol, the leaf water potential was significantly lowered and grain set was reduced. A strong correlation between grain set and viable young microspores (P < 0.001, r² = 0.8223) indicates that water deficit immediately reduced fertility of rice plants at the time of exposure. This result suggests a new underlying mechanism of water deficit-induced pollen abortion in rice.     

不同地区银杏古树开花生物学特性研究2—— 花药及花粉生物学特征分析

为了了解不同地区银杏古树雄株的开花生物学特性,对中国主要银杏产区的33棵百年以上的银杏古树进行了调查分析,包括花药长、花药宽、花粉长、花粉宽、绝对出粉率和花粉生活力。研究结果表明：33个银杏古树雄株的花药长在1.53~3.17 mm之间,平均为2.54 mm;花药宽在0.63~1.55 mm之间,平均为1.01 mm;花粉长在29.52~36.82μm之间,平均为33.49μm;花粉宽在13.69~15.99μm之间,平均为15.23μm;花粉绝对出粉率在12.90%~36.65%之间,平均为23.66%;花粉生活力在53.77%~84.37%之间,平均为73.42%;除绝对出粉率外的其他上述指标方差分析结果表明,在不同单株间均达到极显著差异水平。综合分析的结果表明,2~4年生具花短枝上的花穗、单穗的花药数量、花穗长等性状指标可以作为衡量银杏雄株绝对出粉率的指标。     

Establishment of reliable methods of in vitro pollen germination and pollen preservation of Brassica rapa (syn. B. campestris)

A simple and reliable method for evaluating the viability of Brassica pollen was established in which the in vitro germination rate of pollen was adopted as the index of the viability of pollen grains. Pollen grains were preincubated in an atmosphere in which the relative humidity (RH) was fixed to 52% or 66% at 20 °C for 5 hours. They were cultured for 16 hours at 25 °C in a liquid Kwack's medium (1964) supplemented with 20% sucrose, and the pH was adjusted to 8.0. They were then observed under a microscope and the number of germinating and unchanged pollen grains were counted. The germination rate of pollen was improved and stabilized by preincubation and the use of a high pH medium. More than 90% of the freshly harvested pollen grains of Brassica rapa (syn. B. campestris) germinated constantly in these conditions Undehisced anthers were collected from flowers at anthesis and dehydrated by incubation at 20 °C for 16–24 hours in an atmosphere where the RH was fixed to 15% or 32%. They were put into a plastic vial and preserved in a freezer at -20 °C. The germination percentage of the preserved pollen was scored at intervals during preservation. The germination rate of the pollen grains preserved at -20°C for 1 year was higher than 50% and the pollen proved to be efficient for seed set. Most of the seeds germinated normally. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

洋水仙花粉生活力的测定方法初探

以洋水仙品种‘Albany’、‘Mount Hood’、‘Geranium’的新鲜花粉为试材,采用TTC染色法、醋酸洋红染色法和离体萌发测定法来测定其生活力,以探寻测定水仙花粉生活力的最适方法。结果表明：醋酸洋红染色法和离体萌发测定法均能够准确测定出水仙花粉生活力,而TTC染色法不适合用于洋水仙花粉活力的测定,其中醋酸洋红染色法适用于洋水仙的花粉生活力快速测定,而离体萌发测定法则适合于洋水仙的花粉生活力准确测定。经过对9种培养液组合的方差分析显示：0.1g/ml蔗糖+0.1×10-3g/ml硼酸为最佳培养液组合。     

紫花苜蓿花粉活力和柱头可授性的研究

紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa是世界农牧业发展中极为重要的一种豆科牧草。以昆明地区引进3个苜蓿品种和德钦野生苜蓿为研究材料,对其不同部位的花粉活力、花粉数量和柱头可授性进行了研究。结果表明：不同品种和同品种不同部位的花粉活力差异较大,但基本表现为Acrora高于其他苜蓿品种,同品种苜蓿基本表现为中部和下部显著高于上部（P＜0.05）;花粉数量变化差异也较大,基本表现为CW1351苜蓿高于其他苜蓿品种;柱头可授性变化差异也较大,基本表现为德钦苜蓿显著高于其他苜蓿品种（P＜0.05）。     

抽穗期高温胁迫对水稻花药花粉和光合特性的影响

以热钝感品种创两优丰占、中间型品种Y两优1号和热敏感品种农香32为试验材料,于抽穗期利用人工气候室进行高温处理(最高温度39.0℃、相对湿度75%～80%、光照度5.0×105lx),通过测定高温处理与对照处理(大田栽培)花粉、花药的性状与光合特性及外观品质等,分析抽穗期高温胁迫对水稻花粉、花药及光合特性的影响。结果表明：与对照相比,高温胁迫下创两优丰占、Y两优1号、农香32花药长分别增加了7.93%、10.96%、 106.56%,花药宽增加了30.99%、 56.79%、 106.54%,花药体积分别增加了84.62%、 167.92%、764.00%;花粉直径分别增加了5.83、3.50、2.60μm;可育花粉率分别下降19.97%、23.12%、29.19%,柱头着粉数分别减少了10、8、9个,柱头花粉萌发率分别下降39.09%、39.83%、41.47%;3个品种整精米长分别降低4.59%、5.66%、13.12%,宽分别降低2.01%、3.18%、10.42%,长宽比分别降低了2.44%、2.55%、3.33%,结实率分别下降了23.39%、24.59%、49.49%,千粒...     

新疆野苹果花粉活力的研究初报

以新疆伊犁地区新源县交吾托海野果林原生境内的新疆野苹果不同单株的花粉为试验材料,采用固体培养基法研究了不同保存温度和不同浓度蔗糖对花粉活力的影响。结果表明：花粉常温保存3d以内活力较高,平均萌发率为58%,保存5d以后花粉活力开始明显下降,平均萌发率为37%,保存30d以后平均萌发率仅1%,几乎无活力;花粉4℃保存10d以内具有较高活力,平均萌发率在50%以上,4℃保存130d仍有活力;蔗糖对花粉萌发有明显的促进作用,其中以浓度15%蔗糖较好。单株间花粉活力存在差异。     

湿地松与加勒比松杂交制种技术

广东省林业科学研究院系统开展湿地松（Pinus elliottii Engelmann）与加勒比松（P．caribaea Morelet）杂交育种的工作始于20世纪90年代。文章在以往杂交育种研究和实践的基础上,总结了一套加勒比松花粉的收集、处理、保存、人工控制授粉和球果与种子的收集、处理、贮藏等技术方法。该技术可为其它针叶树种的人工制种提供技术和方法上的参考。