太湖鹅体尺测量及屠宰性能测定

对70日龄太湖鹅体尺及屠宰性能进行测定,并对相关参数进行相关性分析。结果表明,太湖鹅平均体斜长、龙骨长、胸深、胸宽、胫长、胫围、髋骨宽、半潜水长、颈长分别为26．23cm、12．03cm、10．31cm、9．94cm、8．42cm、4．38cm、6．01cm、49．08cm、35．85cm,除龙骨长、髋骨宽外,其它体尺指标公母间差异显著;平均屠宰率、全净膛率、半净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率分别为87．84％、69．66％、78．31％、7．35％、18．74％,半净膛率、胸肌率公母间差异极显著（P〈0．01）,全净膛率公母间差异显著（P〈0．05）;体尺各指标间仅有半潜水长和髋骨宽呈负相关,屠宰性能各指标间存在高等或中等强度相关,胸肌重与胫长呈负相关。     

基于RNA-Seq技术挖掘绵羊背最长肌肉质性状相关基因

试验通过对小尾寒羊与巴美肉羊背最长肌进行转录组分析,旨在挖掘影响两种绵羊肉质性状的关键基因。分别选取小尾寒羊和巴美肉羊各3只,利用转录组高通量测序（RNA-Seq）技术对其背最长肌转录组文库进行测序,利用生物信息学对测序结果进行分析,筛选影响两者肉质相关的候选基因。结果发现,6个样品测序数据经质量控制后共得到120 Gb的有效数据,共筛选出333个差异基因,其中上调基因有82个,下调基因有251个。GO功能富集与KEGG Pathway显著性富集分析结果共筛选了6个与肉质性状相关的候选基因：PDK4、MYF6、PPARGC1A、SLCO4A1、FABP4、LEP。试验通过对比小尾寒羊与巴美肉羊背最长肌转录组数据,筛选影响肉质性状的候选基因,丰富了绵羊基因组信息,为进一步阐述不同品种绵羊肉质性状分子机理奠定了基础。     

对实行林政工作量化管理的思考

通过对林政管理工作中的；定性与定量这两种管理模式，有利于林政管理目标的实现、管理责任的落９实和调动干群保护森林资源的积极性。     

Evaluation and analysis of reduction of late blight disease in a diploid potato progeny

The rate of late blight disease was analysed for individuals of a diploid Solanum phureja – Solanum tuberosum dihaploid hybrid population (PD), using three different assessment techniques, in the laboratory, screenhouse, and field. These hybrids expressed low disease rates in the field, comparable to resistance based on intact R genes. However, none of the parents of PD expressed any R genes and the pattern of segregation within the PD population was not indicative of R-gene inheritance. The foliage (or leaflet) area diseased had the largest broad-sense heritability of all criteria analysed, in all tests performed. In the field evaluations, the PD population showed intermediate levels of broad-sense heritability for foliage area diseased, relative to the much larger heritability detected for the group of controls possessing R genes. Resistance in the field of the PD hybrids had very little genotype-environment (G × E) interaction, indicating stability of its expression. All genotypes without R genes exhibited heritable, reduced rates of late blight disease in the field, but they were susceptible with low heritability in screenhouse and laboratory tests. This differential expression of disease indicates that the plants' indirect response to unknown environmental stress in the field may have been measured. The value of the PD hybrids for breeding of late blight resistant potato and the use of the disease rate data for detection of the underlying quantitative trait loci are discussed.     

Epidemiology of beet necrotic yellow vein virus in sugar beet at different initial inoculum levels in the presence or absence of irrigation: Dynamics of inoculum

Using field plots where rhizomania had not previously been detected, different inoculum levels of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) were created by application of infested soil. A susceptible sugar beet cultivar (cv. Regina) was grown for two consecutive years (1988 and 1989), in the presence or absence of drip irrigation. In soil samples taken in spring 1989, the different initial inoculum levels of 1988 could be distinguished using a quantitative bioassay estimating most probable numbers (MPNs) of infective units per 100 g dry soil. The first sugar beet crop resulted in a tenthousandfold multiplication of inoculum of BNYVV (viruliferousPolymyxa betae). Mean MPNs of BNYVV ranged from 0.6 and 7 per 100 g soil for the lowest inoculum level to 630 and 1100 per 100 g for the highest level, in plots without and with irrigation, respectively. In spring 1990, MPNs had again increased. In both years, the initial inoculum level of 1988 had a significant linear effect on log-transformed MPNs of BNYVV determined. Log-transformed MPNs for 1990 and 1989 showed a positive linear correlation, despite a decreasing multiplication ratio at higher inoculum levels. Drip irrigation during one or two years enhanced the increase in MPN of BNYVV, which was reflected by the enhancement of multiplication ratios at all inoculum levels. The totalP. betae population was also higher after growing two irrigated crops than after growing two non-irrigated ones.     

Evidence of durable resistance in nine Chinese land races and one Italian cultivar ofTriticum aestivum toPuccinia striiformis

In this study carried out from 1987 to 1994, in a very conducive environment to stripe rust, nine Chinese land races and one Italian cultivar of wheat showed fair levels of quantitative resistance to rust disease. The nine old Chinese cultivars had a commercial planting history in this conducive environment ranging from 20 to 100 years, in a cultivation area of 20 to 467 thousand hectares p.a. with no apparent erosion of resistance. The Italian cultivar has been used commercially for 15 years in China without showing a decrease in the level of quantitative resistance. All these data warrant the conclusion that the ten cultivars have a form of durable resistance to stripe rust.     

骨顶鸡消化系统的解剖

通过观察描述骨项鸡消化系统各器官的解剖学特点,并与水禽、松鸡、雉鸡等的消化器官进行比较,发现与水禽相似,骨项鸡无嗉囊。骨顶鸡小肠占肠道总长的70％,盲肠占肠道总长的14％,松鸡科小肠占肠道总长的45％～49％,畜肠占肠道总长46％～49％,雉鸡小肠占肠道总长71％,盲肠占24％；从这些数据可以看出,骨项鸡小肠占肠道总长的比例居中,但盲肠短。     

Evaluation of association between polymorphism within the thyroglobulin gene and milk production traits in dairy cattle

In dairy cattle, many studies have reported quantitative trait loci (QTL) on the centromeric end of chromosome 14 that affect milk production traits. One of the candidate genes in this QTL region – thyroglobulin (TG) – was previously found to be significantly associated with marbling in beef cattle. Thus, based on QTL studies in dairy cattle and because of possible effects of this gene on fat metabolism, we investigated the association of TG with milk yield and composition in Holstein dairy cattle. A total of 1279 bulls from the Cooperative Dairy DNA Repository Holstein population were genotyped for a single nucleotide polymorphism in TG used previously in beef cattle studies. Analysis of 29 sire families showed no significant association between TG variants and milk production traits. Within‐sire family analysis suggests that TG is neither the responsible gene nor a genetic marker in association with milk production traits.     

与苹果果皮红色性状相关的RAPD分子标记的筛选

用355条10bp随机引物来筛选与苹果果实红色性状连锁的分子标记。通过分离群体分组分析,在果实红色与非红色2个对比基因池间进行了扩增筛选,初步选出49个多态性引物,进一步对这些多态性引物进行群体上的分析发现S519可以扩增出大约1000bp左右的一条与红色性状相关的DNA特异带。对本研究的73个来自3个不同杂交组合的F1后代个体分析表明,该标记判断果实红色性状的符合率为76.7%。鉴于获得的多态性标记对果皮颜色预测的准确率不高的现状,我们采用了双标记组合分析方案,即用S5191000分别与以往获得的3个与果色性状相关的标记(S12891200、S12351000和S21071200)配对组合进行判断,从而使得标记对目标性状预测的正确性大为提高。另外,对总共获得的4个RAPD标记在9个栽培品种上进行了分析,大多数品种的表现与理论一致。     

树莓无刺性状杂交试验初报

对8个树莓品种物候期及有效授粉期进行了调查,'早红'开花成熟最早,'美国22号'开花成熟最晚;'无刺红'与其它7个品种的有效授粉期达10 d以上.以'无刺红,为母本与其它7个品种杂交授粉时,小核果坐果率的变化趋势与坐果率变化一致,果实的单果重倾向于母本,种子饱满、千粒重较大;以'无刺红'为父本时变化规律与之相似.对杂交后代实生苗的刺密度进行了调查,刺密度属数量性状连续变异,后代分离广泛,其中澳洲红自交后代无刺实生苗比例最大,可以达到30.56%.杂交后代刺密度组合传递力3.94,自交后代刺密度组合传递力1.67.