南瓜糕的研制

研究了南瓜糕适宜的配方和生产工艺条件,并对产品的质量及卫生指标进行检测。结果表明:南瓜浆料的颗粒直径小于100μm,才能得到组织细腻的南瓜糕。pH为3.0时南瓜糕的凝胶效果较好。无糖南瓜糕的配制中最佳配方为:南瓜浆料∶木糖醇∶卡拉胶的比例为60∶40∶1;含糖南瓜糕的最佳配方为:南瓜浆料∶蔗糖∶卡拉胶比例为70∶15∶7.5。浓缩终点一般是可溶性固形物含量达到45%。最终得到的产品具有南瓜糕正常的色泽、气味和滋味,无异味,理化指标和微生物指标也符合相应国家标准。     

南瓜水溶性粗多糖提取工艺的优化

报导了南瓜水溶性多糖的水提醇沉优化工艺。在单因素试验的基础上,选取南瓜水溶性多糖提取时间、提取温度和水料比3个因素进行Box-Benhnken中心组合设计,利用响应面分析法对其提取工艺参数进行优化研究。利用Design-Expert软件对南瓜水溶性多糖得率的二次多项数学模型解逆矩阵分析表明,在提取温度为72.41℃,提取时间为3.02h,水料比为33.48∶1时,南瓜水溶性多糖得率最高,最大得率预测值为2.463%,与实测值2.447%相符。利用优化工艺参数提取南瓜水溶性多糖时,具有最大的提取效果。     

南瓜籽壳超微粉特性研究

南瓜籽壳具有极高的药用价值,为充分利用南瓜籽壳中的功能性成分,对南瓜籽壳进行超微粉碎。结果表明,超微粉碎30 min后样品的粒度分布从100~800μm可以降低到0.1~100μm,其有效成分溶出特性有明显改变;测定南瓜籽壳粉的物理特性,表明微粉的均匀性比粗粉更好。     

Genetic control of irregular striping, a new phenotype in Cucurbita pepo

Longitudinal striping of the fruit exterioris a common trait in Cucurbita pepo(pumpkin, squash, gourd). Striping occursas ten pairs of alternating dark and lightstripes that are regularly situated inaccordance with the ten sub-epidermalcarpellary vein tracts. Usually, the darkstripes occur in the central areas betweenthe vein tracts, with the light stripesoccupying the remainder of the fruitsurface. A new phenotype is described inwhich dark spots or streaks occur in thecentral areas between the vein tracts;these are usually accompanied by darkstreaks or stripes that occur adjacent toand over part or all of the length of someor all of the ten carpellary vein tracts. The inheritance of this irregular stripingpattern was studied by crossing anaccession that bred true for this phenotypewith a near-isogenic line havinglight-colored fruits. The resultsindicated that irregular striping isdominant to light coloration and isconferred by a single gene. Testcrossesfor allelism with regular striping wereprepared by crossing the irregularlystriped accession with near-isogenic lineshaving broad stripes, l-1 ^BSt/l-1 ^BSt, and narrowstripes, l-1 ^St/l-1 ^St. The testcross results revealed thatirregular striping is conferred by anallele at the l-1 locus, designatedl-1 ^iSt. The l-1 ^iStallele is dominant to light-colored (l-1), recessive to dark-colored (L-1), and can be co-dominant or recessiveto broad-striped (l-1 ^BSt) andnarrow-striped (l-1 ^St),depending on whether or not it is fullyexpressed. Dominance relationships at thel-1 locus can, therefore, berepresented as L-1 > (l-1 ^BSt > l-1 ^St) l-1 ^iSt > l-1.     

Seed production and breeding potential of the fluted pumpkin,Telfairia occidentalis

Summary Studies during 1980–1987 relating to seed production of the fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis Hook. f.) are summarized. Essentially, the dioecious nature of the crop makes sex-ratios of plants affect the number of fruit-bearing females. Overall, about 50% of plants are female, of which some 15% are fruitless. Each fruit-bearing female has 1.5 fruits that contain 60 seeds. The mean weight of seeds is 15 g, and 74% of this total seed weight comprise the seed kernel which contains about 40% oil. Thus, a yield estimate of seed kernels reaches 1.9 t/ha; an output that is superior to that of most other oil seeds now being exploited for seed oil and cake in Nigeria. Measures to raise seed yields and the possibility of breeding work are discussed.     

南瓜蜂蜜凝固型酸乳的研制

以鲜牛乳、南瓜、蜂蜜为主要原料,采用驯化的保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌进行发酵生产南瓜蜂蜜凝固型酸乳。通过单因素试验、正交试验及感官评价试验确定了最佳生产工艺条件:南瓜浆为15%,蜂蜜为6%,接种量为4%,发酵时间为4 h。     

南瓜保健饮料的研制

对以南瓜为主要原料,加入稳定剂、蔗糖等辅料制成营养丰富、口感甜美的南瓜饮料工艺进行了研究。通过单因素及正交试验确定了4个因素,即南瓜浆用量、蔗糖用量、稳定剂用量、柠檬酸用量的最佳工艺条件。试验结果表明,最佳生产工艺条件为:南瓜浆45%、蔗糖6%、卡拉胶与CMC-Na用量为0.15%,质量比为1:1。饮料风味独特,具有一定的保健功能。     

日光温室观赏南瓜光合特性研究初报

通过对日光温室内栽培的6个观赏南瓜品种光合特性的初步研究,结果表明:日光温室观赏南瓜不同品种的光合有效辐射、蒸腾速率的日变化规律相似,均呈明显的双峰曲线变化;而不同品种的叶表温、光合速率的日变化因受品种的影响则各不相同。     

三种化学物质对西葫芦性别表现的影响

用乙烯利诱导雌花、用赤霉素和AgNO3诱导雄花以控制西葫芦花的性别表现。用不同处理浓度的乙烯利(50、100mg／L)、GA3(50、100、1OOOmg／L)、AgNO3(200、300mg／L),在不同处理时期(子叶平展期和4叶期)．对不同栽培品种进行处理,观察统计1～20节内雌花、雄花形成的数量并进行统计分析,找出最佳处理水平。结果表明．利用化学物质可以控制西葫芦性别表现。乙烯利50mg／L、GA3 1000mg／L、AgNO3 300mg／L为最佳诱导剂浓度,处理时期以子叶平展期为佳,不同处理方法对性别表现的影响不显著,不同栽培品种对诱导的反应差异不显著。     

南瓜品种比较及其栽培技术的研究

本研究选用上海效区和江浙一带露地主要栽培的南瓜品种6个，环棚主要栽培的品种4个，经过随机排列，3次重复的田间试验设计，进行严格的品种比较试验，试验结果表明，从产量性状看，露地栽培条件下，久藏青，人头南瓜和枕头南瓜极显著高于黄囊南瓜和浙引93－2，山西无蔓产量最低；环棚栽培条件下，东升南瓜级显著高于南瓜，栗晶南瓜和锦栗南瓜，从品质看，露地栽培条件下，黄囊南瓜和浙引93－2优于其它露地参加试验的4个品种；环棚栽培条件下，东升南瓜和栗晶南瓜优于其他2个品种，可见黄囊南瓜和东升南瓜为上海市郊南瓜种植的首选品种。