克拉玛依市土地荒漠化评价及动态监测

应用RS与GIS技术,利用2004年和2009年TM遥感数据,对克拉玛依市境内的荒漠化土地现状与动态变化进行监测研究,并对其时空特征进行分析。结果表明：克拉玛依市荒漠化土地面积2009年为727472.85hm2,占总面积的94.73%。其中,风蚀荒漠化面积431803.62hm2,占监测区总面积的56.23%。2004年荒漠化总面积为732893.96hm2。近5a来,克拉玛依市荒漠化土地面积总体呈略微减少趋势,但荒漠化程度明显变轻,主要表现为极重度风蚀荒漠化和盐渍化荒漠化分别减少了21.96%和7.44%。     

加强二级学院教学质量监控体系建设——安徽科技学院建设应用型本科院校实践探讨

作为高等教育的一种特殊形式和重要类型,应用型本科建设是对原有教育体制改革的深化和完善。同时,教学监控体系也要随之而变。二级学院教学质量监控体系的建立和完善有助于彰显和提升学科和专业的特色,强化理论教学和实践教学的针对性,使学院发展更加符合社会需要。     

全自动移栽机输送机构的设计

针对全自动移栽机的穴盘输送和精确定位问题,设计了可适应不同规格穴盘的自动输送机构。通过PLC控制系统控制步进电动机,实现穴盘苗的精确定位和输送。机械手、输送机构和栽植机构在控制系统作用下相互配合,完成自动移栽。最后进行了穴苗盘自动输送机构的性能试验,验证了穴盘输送机构的合理性。     

化学分析实验室的质量管理特点与LIMS的运用

介绍了化学分析实验室的业务特点,对照GB/T 15481-2000 idt ISO/IEC 17025:1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》,指出了在不同环节中进行质量管理应注意的事项.评述了实验室信息管理系统(LIMS)应具备的功能层次和与环境检测实验室的业务相对应的功能模块.     

INTER‐ AND INTRAFRACTION MOTION FOR STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY IN DOGS AND CATS USING A MODIFIED BRAINLAB FRAMELESS STEREOTACTIC MASK SYSTEM

Precise and accurate patient positioning is necessary when doing stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) to ensure adequate dosing to the tumor and sparing of normal tissues. This prospective cross‐sectional study aimed to assess feasibility of a commercially available modified frameless SRS positioning system for use in veterinary radiotherapy patients with brain tumors. Fifty‐one dogs and 12 cats were enrolled. Baseline and verification CT images were acquired. The verification CT images from 32 dogs and five cats had sufficient images for fusion to baseline CT images. A rigid box‐based fusion was performed to determine interfraction motion. Forty‐eight dogs and 11 cats were assessed for intrafraction motion by cine CT. Seventy percent of dogs and 60% of cats had interfraction 3D vector translational shifts >1 mm, with mean values of 1.9 mm in dogs, and 1.8 mm in cats. In dogs muscle wasting was weakly correlated with translational shifts. The maximum angular interfraction motion observed was 6.3° (roll), 3.5° (pitch), and 3.3° (yaw). There was no correlation between angular interfraction motion and weight, brachycephaly, or muscle wasting. Fifty‐seven percent of dogs and 50% of cats had respiration‐related intrafraction motion. Of these, 4.5% of dogs and 10% of cats had intrafraction motion >1 mm. This study demonstrates the modified Brainlab system is feasible for SRS in dogs and cats. The smaller cranial size and difference in anatomy increases setup uncertainty in some animals beyond limits usually accepted in SRS. Image‐guided positioning is recommended to achieve clinically acceptable setup accuracy (<1 mm) for SRS.     

甘肃河西走廊草地沙质荒漠化监测与治理对策

对河西走廊地区草地沙质荒漠化的遥感监测结果表明,全区5市91563．47km^2草地面积中,强烈发展沙化草地占29．22％,发展沙化草地占1．5％,潜在沙化草地占30．34％,未沙化草地占38．94％。全区沙质荒漠化草地占草地面积的61．06％,50％以上的草地处于沙质荒漠化状态,其中金昌市与嘉峪关市强烈发展的沙质荒漠化草地面积比例最高,超过60％以上。调查分析认为,该区草地沙质荒漠化成因主要是气候干旱、多风以及土壤质地疏松等自然因素和长期滥垦、过度放牧和水资源利用不当等历史和人为社会因素相互作用的结果,在此基础上提出了治理河西走廊地区草地沙质荒漠化的对策。     

橘色双冠丽鱼黑素皮质素受体1基因(MC1R)整胚原位杂交

为探究黑素皮质素受体1基因(MC1R)在橘色双冠丽鱼胚胎发育和体色形成过程中的表达定位及功能,本研究首先制备了MC1R基因的RNA正反义探针,T7方向转录的正义RNA探针质量浓度为447.529 ng/μL,SP6方向转录的反义RNA探针质量浓度为342.698 ng/μL。经10～20倍稀释后的探针用于原位杂交,MC1R基因探针表达定位显示,随橘色双冠丽鱼胚胎的发育杂交信号总体呈逐渐减弱趋势,原肠期和视泡期其卵黄和胚体侧卧部分有杂交信号分布;出膜期其脊柱、卵黄囊及其内容物和色素细胞内出现杂交信号;出膜期第1天,卵黄表面有信号分布。总体来看,杂交信号在脊索、卵黄囊、卵黄囊内容物质及色素细胞有特异表达,而以正义探针作为阴性对照组在5个胚胎阶段均无任何信号,杂交信号显现的MC1R表达定位说明其在橘色双冠丽鱼色素细胞的分化、迁移中起到重要调控作用,也与神经、营养、免疫功能相关,初步建立了鱼类体色相关基因功能和定位研究的整胚原位杂交方法。     

LabVIEW在温室环境远程监控系统的应用研究

采用LabVIEW软件设计温室环境的远程监控系统,可以为农作物的生长提供一个良好的温室环境,提高农产品的产量和质量。因此,利用LabVIEW软件开发平台,设计了温室环境远程监控系统。该系统实现了数据的网络化采集和远程监控。研究结果表明,该系统设计合理,性价比高,并且具备良好的实用性。     

Meat Juice Serology and Improved Food Chain Information as Control Tools for Pork‐Related Public Health Hazards

The seroprevalence of Salmonella spp., pathogenic Yersinia spp., Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella spp. was studied in 1353 finishing pigs from 259 farms that were allocated according to farm types: large fattening farms (≥1000 pig places), small fattening farms (< 1000 pig places) and farrow‐to‐finish farms. The antibodies were analysed with commercial ELISA kits in meat juice samples that were collected at Finnish slaughterhouses. Salmonella antibodies were rare (3% of pigs, 14% of farms) when the cut‐off optical density (OD) value 0.2 was used. Antibodies to pathogenic Yersinia spp. and T. gondii were detected in 57% of pigs and 85% of farms (OD ≥0.3) and in 3% of pigs and 9% of farms (OD ≥0.15), respectively. No antibodies to Trichinella spp. were detected (OD ≥0.3). The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) considers Salmonella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, T. gondii and Trichinella spp. as the most relevant biological hazards in the context of meat inspection of pigs. The seroprevalence of these important zoonotic pathogens was low in Finland, except that of Yersinia. The seroprevalence of Toxoplasma was significantly higher in pigs originating from small‐scale fattening farms (P < 0.05). Strong positive correlation was observed at the animal level between Salmonella and Yersinia seropositivity and between Salmonella and Toxoplasma seropositivity (P < 0.05). We suggest that these results reflect the level and importance of biosecurity measures applied on the farms. Meat juice serology at slaughter is a useful tool for targeting measures to control these pathogens. The information obtained from analyses should be used as part of the food chain information (FCI).     

西南林区卫星监测热点及森林火险天气指数分析

根据国家林业局林火监测中心提供的2005—2007年卫星监测到的热点数据及相关信息和研究区及其周边2004—2007年34个气象站的每日定时观测数据,计算森林火险天气指数(FWI)系统各组分指数,分析西南地区森林火险和热点的分布规律。结果表明:2005—2007年西南地区热点主要分布在云南、广西和贵州西南部,44.6%的热点可能是野外植被燃烧引起的,这些热点包括草原、灌丛、森林和荒地上的火烧以及计划烧除、炼山等,云南西南和南部有大量的农业用火(占所有热点的30.1%)。西南地区的火烧主要发生在11月—翌年5月,1—5月份发生的火烧占全部热点的77.6%。森林火灾集中分布在云南东部和西北部、贵州东南部和广西大部分地区。热点数与相应区域的腐殖质湿度码(DMC)和干旱码(DC)的变化密切相关,森林火险期内DMC和DC值较高,热点和森林火灾多。热点数与FWI值存在显著的相关关系,FWI系统可以应用于西南地区,并且对森林火险有很好的指示作用。根据重点研究区的FWI各组分指数情况,定义低、中、高、很高和极高森林火险分别对应的FWI阈值为0 - 1.2、1.3 - 5.0、5.1 - 12.0、12.1 - 25.0和25.1+,对应火险等级日数分别占41.0%、23.6%、21.8%、11.2%和2.4%。研究区内人为火源和农业用火较多,加强研究区内高火险天气的火源管理是减少森林火灾的重要有效措施。