胡杨异形叶CYT和EST同工酶特征的初步研究

以胡杨不同发育阶段植株(五种树冠类型)的不同冠层异形叶为材料,调查同一单株上不同冠层同一节位叶片的叶形指数,测定其细胞色素氧化酶同工酶酶谱(CYT)和酯酶(EST)同工酶酶谱。探讨不同发育阶段胡杨植株叶形的变化和CYT、EST同工酶酶谱间的关系。结果表明:(1)不同发育阶段的胡杨植株都表现出叶形指数随冠层的升高而减小;(2)同一株不同冠层叶片的CYT同工酶酶谱带型基本一致,但各冠层叶片间酶谱带的表达量上存在细小差异。不同发育阶段植株CYT同工酶在质(酶带数目和迁移率)和量(酶的活性)的表达上各不相同,表现为随发育进程的推进,一些条带的表达或不表达;(3)EST同工酶的质(酶带数目和迁移率)和量(酶的活性)的表达在同一株不同冠层及不同发育阶段的胡杨叶片中均有差异。     

葡萄糖氧化酶的微生物发酵生产工艺研究

葡萄糖氧化酶作为一种重要的氧化还原酶,在饲料、畜牧等行业应用广泛,可用于改善动物饲料的消化利用率.本文对葡萄糖氧化酶的发酵生产工艺、提取纯化工艺、酶学特性改进工艺及质量控制工艺作了简单介绍,以期为葡萄糖氧化酶的工业化生产和应用提供帮助.     

Cardiopulmonary effects of medetomidine, oxymorphone, or butorphanol in selegiline-treated dogs

OBJECTIVES: To determine if chronic selegiline HCl administration affects the cardiopulmonary response to medetomidine, oxymorphone, or butorphanol in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective randomized experimental study. ANIMALS: Twenty-eight adult, random source, hound dogs weighing 21-33 kg. METHODS: Dogs were assigned to the following treatment groups: selegiline + medetomidine (MED; n = 6); placebo + MED (n = 6), selegiline + oxymorphone (OXY; n = 6); placebo + OXY (n = 6); selegiline + butorphanol (BUT; n = 7) or placebo + BUT (n = 6). Nine dogs were treated with two of the three pre-medicants. Dogs were treated with selegiline (1 mg kg(-1) PO, q 24 hours) or placebo for at least 44 days prior to pre-medicant administration. On the day of the experiment, arterial blood for blood gas analysis, blood pressure measurements, ECG, cardiac ultrasound (mM-mode, 2-D, and continuous wave Doppler), and behavioral observations were obtained by blinded observers. An IV injection of MED (750 micro g m(-2)), OXY (0.1 mg kg(-1)) or BUT (0.4 mg kg(-1)) was given. Cardiopulmonary and behavioral data were collected at 1, 2, 5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes after injection. RESULTS: Selegiline did not modify responses to any of the pre-medicant drugs. Medetomidine caused a significant decrease in heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), and fractional shortening (FS). Mean arterial pressure (MAP), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), and central venous pressure (CVP) were increased. Level of consciousness and resistance to restraint were both decreased. Oxymorphone did not affect MAP, CO, CVP, or SVR, but RR and PaCO(2) were increased. Level of consciousness and resistance to restraint were decreased. BUT decreased heart rate at 1 and 5 minutes. All other cardiovascular parameters were unchanged. BUT administration was associated with decreased arterial pH and increased PaCO(2). BUT decreased level of consciousness and resistance to restraint. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although pre-medicants themselves altered cardiopulmonary and behavioral function, selegiline did not affect the response to medetomidine, oxymorphone, or butorphanol in this group of normal dogs.     

鹅细小病毒侵染雏鹅组织器官的氧化/脱氢酶及同工酶研究

酶是催化代谢途径的高效活性基因产物,应激环境和遗传基础的不同导致同工酶结构或活性差异,使不同组织和发育阶段的酶种类和活性表现特异性变化。采用生化分析试验技术和PAGE分析鹅细小病毒(GPV)感染雏鹅氧化/脱氢酶(LDH、ADH、POD、CAT)的活性及同工酶特征变异,结果表明,GPV感染雏鹅的脑、心脏、脾脏组织新出现1条POD同工酶谱带,肺脏组织消失1条同工酶谱带;GPV感染雏鹅的肝脏、脾脏组织分别缺失慢区3条和1条CAT同工酶谱带;GPV感染雏鹅组织器官的LDH和ADH同工酶仅显示1~2个慢区带,肺脏缺失1条慢区ADH同工酶谱带,ADH活性降低了13.61%~61.08%,心脏增高1.2倍;POD、CAT、LDH活性分别增强1.2~6、1.5~3.5、2~2.5倍,而脑、肺脏的CAT活性降低了40.29%和94.68%,心脏、肺脏的LDH活性降低了75.93%和91.81%。提示氧化/脱氢酶产生的广泛变异是GPV感染应激与宿主氧化/脱氢酶基因表达的互作效应,其酶的谱型、活性等生化特征变异,直接或间接调控代谢途径、影响生理机能及病理性能,敏感的氧化/脱氢酶是研究病毒基因型与宿主遗传易感性互作病理学机制的有效标记物。     

ACC氧化酶基因在桑树水分和盐胁迫条件下的表达研究

为从分子水平上理解桑树在逆境胁迫中的应答机制,研究利用简并引物和RACE方法克隆了桑树氨基环丙烷羧酸(ACC)氧化酶基因部分序列,并初步分析了该基因在水分胁迫和盐胁迫下的表达模式。结果表明:克隆得到的桑树ACC氧化酶基因编码区与其它植物ACC氧化酶基因的同源性很高,与蔷薇科李属植物相似性高达85%~86%;该基因在水分胁迫下表达量增加,但个体之间表达量有差异,推测可能与个体抗旱性差异有关;在盐胁迫下,ACC氧化酶表达量变化不明显,同一桑树幼苗不同叶位之间有差异,推测是盐害引起组织死亡导致表达量发生变化,而非盐胁迫直接诱导,个体之间耐盐性的差异以及不同发育阶段的叶片对盐害的敏感程度不同,表达量变化也不同。     

葡萄糖氧化酶对黄羽肉鸡生产性能和养分代谢的影响

本试验研究葡糖糖氧化酶对快大黄羽肉鸡生产性能和养分代谢的影响,选择600只0日龄雏鸡分为A、B、C、D 4个处理,每个处理5个重复,每个重复30只,分别在基础日粮中添加0、250、350、380 g/t葡萄糖氧化酶制剂,测定35、70日龄的生产性能和45日龄的养分代谢率。结果表明,35日龄时,黄羽肉鸡的生产性能不受葡萄糖氧化酶制剂添加的影响;葡萄糖氧化酶制剂对36～70日龄黄羽肉鸡的日增重和料重比有显著影响(P<0.05),D组与B、C组在日增重和料重比上有显著影响(P<0.05);添加葡萄糖氧化酶制剂对45日龄黄羽肉鸡的干物质、有机物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪的消化代谢有显著影响(P<0.05)。因此,葡萄糖氧化酶对36～70日龄黄羽肉鸡的日增重、料重比和养分代谢率有显著影响,且在本试验条件下,添加380 g/t葡萄糖氧化酶制剂最适宜。     

葡萄糖氧化酶对公猪生殖性能的影响

为探讨葡萄糖氧化酶对种公猪生殖性能的影响,选择18～24月龄、体重150～200 kg健康长白种公猪25头,分为5组,每组5个重复.对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3、4组分别在基础日粮中添加1、2、3、4kg/t的葡萄糖氧化酶.试验期28 d.结果表明:试验3、4组公猪血清中雌二醇含量显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),...     

Characterization of two microsatellites in chicken monoamine oxidase A

We surveyed two polymorphic microsatellites in a candidate gene for fear response, monoamine oxidase A ( MAOA ), in chicken. Two hundred and eighty chickens from five breeds (Nagoya, Mikawa, White Leghorn, White Plymouth Rock, and Rhode Island Red) were investigated. A thymine (T) repeat and an adenine (A) repeat were found on MAOA intron 4 ( CMin4T ) and intron 9 ( CMin9A ), respectively. Nine alleles ( 127-bp to 166-bp ) in CMin4T and six alleles ( 184-bp to 198-bp ) in CMin9A were detected. A 128-bp allele in CMin4T was observed in the Nagoya breed only, implying a highly useful marker for discriminating the Nagoya breed from other breeds. In addition, the Mikawa breed had the fixed 127-bp and 198-bp alleles in CMin4T and CMin9A , respectively. The Nagoya breed chickens show densely cowardly behavior, but the Mikawa breed chickens do not show the same behavior. The current results may indicate that MAOA is an informative candidate gene for breed difference.     

荒漠地区主要饲用灌木类植物酚类物质含量及动态变化

文章初步探讨了灌木类植物的酚类物质在不同生长期的含量变化,比较灌木类植物和紫花苜蓿的酚类物质含量及动态变化规律,为开发利用灌木类植物资源提供基础数据。研究结果表明:荒漠地区几种主要灌木类植物中总多酚、简单酚、单宁和缩合单宁的平均含量分别为75.76~101.78、12.98~19.88、61.07~86.09 g/kgDM和25.66～46.66 g/kgDM,其除了简单酚以外,上述物质在羊柴中含量最高,木地肤中含量最低。在生长期间灌木类植物总多酚、单宁和缩合单宁含量有"V"字型变化或随生长期逐渐上升,而且生长期间差异极显著,几种灌木酚类物质含量均高于紫花苜蓿。     

家蚕磷酸吡哆醇氧化酶在E.coli中的表达及酶学特征研究

磷酸吡哆醇氧化酶(pyridoxine-5′-phosphate oxidase,PNPO)是维生素B6(VB6)代谢的关键酶。采用重组质粒pET32a(+)-PNPO原核表达家蚕(Bombyx mori)PNPO,经Ni2+亲和层析纯化后对其基本酶学性质进行分析。结果表明,纯化后的家蚕重组PNPO经SDS-PAGE鉴定为单一条带,比活力为529.81nmol/(min·mg)蛋白,纯化倍数为7.1倍;该酶的最适反应温度为40℃,在50℃以下稳定;在pH8.0～9.0之间酶活力最高,pH6.0～10.0之间活力保持稳定。该结果有助于进一步开展家蚕PNPO的催化作用和表达调控机制的研究。