水杨酸诱导车前草抗菌核病研究

车前草苗经水杨酸处理后,接种菌核病菌（Sclerotinia sclerotiorum）。结果表明：5.0mmol/L水杨酸对菌核病菌无抑制作用;0.01,0.1,1.0,3.0,5.0mmol/L五种不同浓度水杨酸处理车前草苗时,0.1mmol/L水杨酸诱导车前草抗菌核病效果比其他浓度要好,其持续时间需要3 d才表现出诱导抗病性。     

重金属富集植物车前草对镍的响应

不同肥力土壤上重金属镍对车前草生长及生物量的影响研究表明:车前草对重金属镍有忍耐作用,土壤中镍含量达到近150mg/kg时,车前草仍然能正常生长,生物量并未显著下降;车前草在镍污染处理水平相同条件下,生物量与土壤中氮的含量呈正相关(P<0.01);车前草地上部干重与土壤中含镍浓度呈负相关(P<0.01);车前草根系含镍浓度与土壤中含镍浓度呈正相关(P<0.01)。土壤肥力较低时,车前草对土壤镍的富集率较高(6.17%)。车前草适合镍中等污染土壤的修复。     

孟加拉粉大蕉试管苗快繁及接种VA菌根真菌

以孟加拉粉大蕉茎尖为外植体,探讨了不同培养因素、培养方式对试管苗诱导、增殖的影响;同时,还探讨了3种VA菌根真菌对试管苗生长的影响.结果表明:茎尖在以MS无机盐+4mg·L-16BA+0.5mg·L-1NAA+0.5mg·L-1VC+8mg·L-1Ad的固体培养基中诱导最好;横切方式培养芽再生率高达80.33%,平均每片再生9.66个芽;VA菌根真菌光壁无梗囊霉、苏枋兰球囊霉、摩西球囊霉均可侵染试管苗,促进了试管苗的生长,接种株的株高增高了11.8-18.5cm.     

Effect of the black sigatoka resistance locus bs 1 and ploidy level on fruit and bunch traits of plantain-banana hybrids.

Summary Plantain (Musa spp., AAB group) cultivation is threatened by black sigatoka, an airborne fungal (Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet) leaf spot disease. Several traits in plantains and bananas are mainly affected by major genes. The host resistance response to black sigatoka is under the control of at least three different genes, one major recessive gene bs ₁ and two other independent additive alleles. Diploid and tetraploid plantain hybrids were evaluated for bunch weight, fruit weight, fruit length and fruit circumference. The F₁ euploid hybrids were derived from interspecific crosses between the resistant diploid wild banana Calcutta 4 and the susceptible triploid plantain cultivars Obino l'Ewai and Bobby Tannap. Linear and multiple regression models, coefficients of determination, and Durbin-Watson statistics were used to determine the single and combined effects of the major locus for black sigatoka resistance and ploidy on the different traits in the progenies. Differences in yield were mainly due to changes in weight and girth of fruit, which are affected by black sigatoka disease. The combined effect of ploidy and resistance to black sigatoka was partially responsible for the quantitative trait variation in yield. As a result of the gene interaction in the black sigatoka resistance locus bs ₁, the partially resistant and less susceptible phenotypes showed higher yield than their more susceptible full sibs.     

Isozymes as genetic markers in bananas and plantains

Summary Twenty-four clones of banana and plantain representing various levels of ploidy and diploid M. balbisiana, were analysed for enzyme variants of malate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, shikimate dehydrogenase and peroxidase. Polymorphism was detected in all 5 enzyme systems. In addition, the four principal Cavendish clones, Robusta, Giant Cavendish, Dwarf Cavendish and Pisang masak hijau were found to be monomorphic for isozymes of 10 additional enzymes. Isozymes of glutamate oxaloacetate transminase were the most useful for discriminating among clones of a particular genomic group.Florida Agricultural Experiment Stations Journal Series No. 6858.     

Components of partial resistance in phaseolus beans against an Ethiopian isolate of bean rust

Summary Banana weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus Germar) is a major limiting factor in the cultivation of plantains and bananas (Musa spp. L.) in sub-Saharan Africa. The larvae damage the crop by tunneling in the corm. Chemical control is feasible but not sustainable, whereas host plant resistance is safe and has long term benefits. Banana weevil damage and infestation levels and corm hardness were assessed in Musa germplasm in order to determine the genetic control and potential mechanisms of resistance to this insect pest. Susceptibility/resistance to weevil was measured by the percentage coefficient of infestation (PCI) and damage in cross sections (CS) of the corm. All plantains were equally susceptible to the banana weevil, while a wild banana accession and some cooking and dessert banana cultivars showed high levels of resistance. Differential genotypic responses were observed in euploid plantain-banana hybrids. Segregation results suggest that host plant response to weevil in Musa is controlled by gene(s) exhibiting partial dominance towards the resistant parent and modifier genes with additive and dosage effects for susceptibility in the plantain parent. In natural banana germplasm, resistant clones showed increased corm hardness, as measured by a penetrometer in longitudinal and cross sections of outer and central corm tissues. This might suggest a non-preference mechanism for weevil resistance. However, the lack of correlation between corm hardness with PCI and CS scores in the segregating progenies suggested that other mechanisms may be more important in conferring resistance to banana weevil.     

Sequence analysis of 43-year old samples of Plantago lanceolata show that Plantain virus X is synonymous with Actinidia virus X and is widely distributed

Plantain virus X was first recognized by the ICTV as a species in the genus Potexvirus in 1982. However, because no sequence was available for plantain virus X (PlVX), abolishing the species was proposed to the Flexiviridae working group of the ICTV in 2015. This initiated efforts to sequence the original isolates from Plantago lanceolata samples. Here we report the full-genome sequencing of two original isolates of PlVX, which demonstrate that the virus is synonymous to Actinidia virus X, a species previously reported from kiwifruit (Actinidia sp.) and blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum). PlVX was previously noted to be widespread in the UK in P. lanceolata. This report additionally presents novel data on the distribution and diversity of PlVX, collected at the same site as the original UK isolates, and from three independent surveys, two in the Netherlands and one in Belgium. This study also includes two new host records for PlVX, Browallia americana and Capsicum annuum (sweet pepper), indicating the virus is more widespread and infects a broader range of hosts than previously reported. This stresses the importance of surveys of noncultivated species to gain insight into viral distribution and host range. This study also demonstrates the value of generating sequence data for isolates retained in virus collections. Additionally, it demonstrates the potential value in prepublication data sharing for giving context to virus detections such as the four independent studies here which, when combined, give greater clarity to the identity, diversity, distribution, and host range of plantain virus X.     

车前草穗枯病研究--Ⅰ.症状及病原菌鉴定

对车前草穗枯病症状进行了系统观察,并对其病原菌进行了鉴定。车前草穗枯病主要为害穗部,也为害穗轴和叶片。穗部主要表现为顶端变黑腐烂,后引起全穗枯死;叶片出现圆形、直径1～2cm大型病斑,病斑中央灰绿色．边缘暗绿色,病叶易发生焦枯;穗轴、叶柄产生椭圆形或梭形大斑,病斑呈暗绿色或灰白色。病部易产生大量黑色小点（子座）。病菌鉴定按柯赫氏法则进行。在成功完成病菌分离、回接及再分离过程的基础上,对病菌的形态及大小进行了观察和测量,结果表明车前草穗枯病病原菌为一种壳梭孢属真菌（Fusicoccum sp．）。     

Phylogenetic and pathogenic variability of strains of Ralstonia solanacearum causing moko disease in Colombia

Moko disease, caused by the bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum, is one of the most devastating diseases of Musa spp. in Colombia, where banana and plantain are major crops. The disease epidemiology is poorly understood and little is known about the diversity of the bacterial populations associated with this disease. This study assessed the diversity, phylogenetic relationship and pathogenicity of R. solanacearum strains associated with moko disease in Colombia. For this, the genetic diversity of 65 isolates obtained from four banana/plantain-growing regions was evaluated by using multiplex PCR and analysing the partial sequences of the mutS, rplB and egl genes. These analyses revealed that all the strains belonged to the R. solanacearum phylotype II, sequevars 4 and 6. In addition, the phylogenetic analysis assorted the strains into three subgroups, which matched the region of isolation: (i) central region (i.e. Eastern plains and Andes, IIB/4); (ii) northwest (i.e. Urabá and a few strains from Magdalena, IIB/4); and (iii) north coast (Magdalena and a few strains from Urabá, IIA/6). In addition, this evolutionary pattern was associated with pathogenicity, as 63 of the 65 isolates caused wilting of banana and plantain plants under greenhouse conditions, whilst only 32, those isolated from the central region, caused such symptoms in tomato plants. In conclusion, this study shows that banana and plantain crops in Colombia foster genetically diverse strains of R. solanacearum that belong to at least three different genetic groups, which show biogeographic and host range association.