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961.
 应用变性梯度凝胶电泳(DGGE)技术以及主成分分析方法,结合植物病原菌传统分离、鉴定及致病力测定,检测位于黑龙江省海伦市大豆连作定位试验区根腐病原镰孢菌的种群构成及其致病力。采用真菌传统分离和鉴定方法共确定镰孢菌6个种,包括燕麦镰孢Fusarium avenaceum、木贼镰孢F. equiseti、禾谷镰孢F. graminearum、腐皮镰孢F. solani、尖镰孢F. oxysporum和拟轮枝镰孢F. verticillioides。其中,尖镰孢菌的分离频率最高,为56.7%。结合DGGE条带克隆测序及系统发育分析鉴定出8种镰孢菌,较传统方法增加了黄色镰孢F. culmorum和一个尖镰孢近似种。同时,DGGE图谱中尖镰孢所占百分比下降为37.4%。采用主成分分析方法将大豆生育指标相关的多种变量进行降维分析,得到第一主成分贡献值为91.2%。按照贡献值的正负结果,将30株镰孢菌分为致病和非致病类群。第二主成分贡献值为5.8%,根据其正负值可以矫正被错误估计的致病能力。综合所有研究结果,该定位试验区大豆根腐病主要病原镰孢菌为尖镰孢、禾谷镰孢和燕麦镰孢,且以尖镰孢菌为优势病原菌。  相似文献   
962.
四种短体线虫的形态和分子生物学鉴定   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
 采用形态学和分子生物学方法对来自荷兰的藏橐吾和铃兰、泰国的高山榕、缅甸的香蕉等种苗(球)分别鉴定出玻利维亚短体线虫Pratylenchus bolivianus、铃兰短体线虫P. convallariae、咖啡短体线虫P. coffeae和斯佩奇短体线虫 P. speijeri。对这4种线虫的形态特征进行较为详细的描述后,认为头环、口针、侧区、生殖系统和尾形等形态特征是种类鉴定的重要依据;进一步利用引物28S-D2A/28S-D3Br扩增测序得到上述4种线虫的28S rRNA基因D2/D3区序列,序列分析发现玻利维亚短体线虫从欧洲到美洲的不同种群之间的遗传距离变异较小,仅为0~0.007;铃兰短体线虫同一种群不同个体之间的遗传变异较大,为0.006~0.029;咖啡短体线虫不同种群之间的平均遗传距离为0.013;斯佩奇短体线虫不同种群之间的平均遗传距离为0.010;咖啡短体线虫P. coffeae和斯佩奇短体线虫P. speijeri亲缘关系很近,二者种间平均遗传距离仅为0.026。本研究再次证明线虫28S rRNA基因D2/D3区基因序列可作为短体线虫种间鉴定的依据。  相似文献   
963.
为获得葡萄卷叶伴随病毒1号(Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1,GLRaV-1)中国分离物的分子信息,提高其检测可靠性,本研究从河北怀来和辽宁兴城地区带有明显卷叶症状的葡萄样品中提取的叶柄韧皮部总RNA,采用RT-PCR克隆了GLRaV-1的河北(GLRaV-1-HB)和辽宁分离物(GLRaV-1-LN)的外壳蛋白(coatprotein,CP)基因,并进行了序列分析。结果表明:GLRaV-1-HB和GLRaV-1-LN的CP基因核苷酸同源性为90.7%,由此推导的氨基酸同源性为93.8%;与已报道的国外3个GLRaV-1分离物的CP基因全序列相比,其核苷酸与氨基酸序列同源性分别为90.0%~96.0%和92.9%~97.5%。以CP基因序列构建的进化树表明,现有的5个分离物可分为3组,其中本研究得到的GLRaV-1-HB和GLRaV-1-LN,分别与巴西分离物(GLRaV-1-PS,GenBank登录号为GQ332536.1)和伊朗分离物(GLRaV-1-IR-S7,FJ952151.2)为一组;澳大利亚分离物(GLRaV-1-AUS,AF195822.1)单独为一组。  相似文献   
964.
    
BackgroundBudgerigar fledgling disease polyomavirus (BFDV) is the pathogen that causes budgerigar fledgling disease in psittacine species. The clinical signs of PBFV infection include ascites, hepatitis, and crop stasis. BFDV is associated with a high mortality rate in nestling birds. In contrast, adult birds only have mild symptoms such as feather dystrophy.ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the prevalence, genetic characteristics, and phylogenetic analysis of BFDV in pet parrots in Korea.MethodsFecal and tissue samples were collected from 217 pet parrots from 10 veterinary hospitals including Chungbuk National University Veterinary Hospital. The molecular screening was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of the small t/large T antigen gene segment. Full-length genome sequencing with the Sanger and phylogenetic analysis were performed on BFDV-positive samples.ResultsThe PCR results based on the small t/large T antigen gene marker indicated that BFDV DNA was present in 10 out of 217 screened samples. A whole-genome sequence was obtained from six strains and phylogenetic analysis revealed no significant relationship existed between the species and geographical locations amongst them.ConclusionsThe prevalence of BFDV infection in South Korea is not high when compared to the prevalence of BFDV in other parts of the world, however, it has been reported sporadically in various species and geographic locations. The whole-genome analysis revealed 0.2%–0.3% variation in intragenomic homogeneity among the six strains analyzed. Korean strains are separately on the phylogenetic tree from their counterparts from China and Japan which might reflect the substantial genetic variation.  相似文献   
965.
966.
The general properties of the orbiviruses have been examined at the physical, structural and molecular level. At the structural level, the orbiviruses (with the exception of the Kemerovo serogroup) appear similar. The replicative events are also similar, however differences in the ultrastructure of virus-specific structures and their association with components of the host cell have been observed. Further research in this area may be used to differentiate between the serogroups and even some serotypes, of orbiviruses. At the molecular level the properties of the genome can be used to determine relationships between members of the orbivirus genus. These relationships are revealed using a variety of techniques including serology and gene sequence analysis. Not only are the different serological responses to gene products present in the mature virus particle used for differential diagnosis, but the gene sequences themselves can also be utilized. Understanding of the relationships between these viruses is progressing to the point that insights into orbivirus molecular epidemiology is now possible.  相似文献   
967.
    
The currently recognized Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin occurs in estuaries and surrounding shallow waters from the South China Sea to the Asian coast of the Indian Ocean. However, a recent study suggested that the humpback dolphin from the Bay of Bengal may represent a distinct phylogenetic species. In this study, we sequenced 915-bp mtDNA segments from five geographic populations in both Chinese and Thai waters; together with previously published sequences, these data revealed that the ancestral Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin might have split during the transition from the Oligocene to Miocene (23.45 Mya, 95% HPD: 16.65–26.55 Mya), and then dispersed along the Pacific and Indian Ocean coasts of Asia. Genetic differentiation was detected between most of the examined populations, except for only a few pairwise populations in the northern South China Sea. Genetic differentiation/distance between the humpback dolphins from the northern and southern South China Sea met the sub-species threshold value proposed for marine mammals, whereas that between the humpback dolphins in the Pacific and the Indian Ocean was above the species threshold. Bayesian inference of historic gene flow indicated low but constant northward gene flow along the Indian Ocean coast; however, there was a recent abrupt increase in gene flow in the Pacific region, likely due to the shortening coastline at the low stand of sea level. Our results revealed that the current taxonomic classification of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins may not reflect their phylogeography.  相似文献   
968.
    
BackgroundMaedi/Visna virus (MVV) is a contagious viral pathogen that causes considerable economic losses to the sheep industry worldwide.ObjectivesIn China, MVV has been detected in several regions, but its molecular characteristics and genetic variations were not thoroughly investigated.MethodsTherefore, in this study, we conducted next-generation sequencing on an MVV strain obtained from northwest China to reveal its genetic evolution via phylogenetic analysis.ResultsA MVV strain obtained from Inner Mongolia (NM) of China was identified. Sequence analysis indicated that its whole-genome length is 9193 bp. Homology comparison of nucleotides between the NM strain and reference strains showed that the sequence homology of gag and env were 77.1%–86.8% and 67.7%–75.5%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the NM strain was closely related to the reference strains isolated from America, which belong to the A2 type. Notably, there were 5 amino acid insertions in variable region 4 and a highly variable motif at the C-terminal of the surface glycoprotein (SU5).ConclusionsThe present study is the first to show the whole-genome sequence of an MVV obtained from China. The detailed analyses provide essential information for understanding the genetic characteristics of MVV, and the results enrich the MVV library.  相似文献   
969.
近年来,新城疫逐渐成为了一种严重的家养水禽疾病。尽管如此,目前对于我国水禽新城疫的流行和分布情况依然知之甚少。本研究采集了2011-2012年中国华东6省1市的部分活禽市场和养殖场表观健康家鸭和家鹅泄殖腔棉拭样品,进行新城疫病毒的分离和毒力检测工作。通过测定分离株F基因高变区nt47-420,对其进行遗传进化分析。结果显示,在1200份样品中,检测到阳性样品23份,分离率为1.92%,表明眼观健康家鸭和家鹅中携带新城疫病毒。对比寒冷的春冬两季和炎热的夏季,新城疫病毒的分离率存在明显的差别。在中国家鸭和鹅中流行的新城疫毒株依然对温度敏感,高温天气不利于新城疫疫情蔓延。对分离株的鸡胚平均死亡时间和脑内接种指数进行了测定。参考76株GenBank中已发表并鉴定基因型毒株的F基因高变区nt47~420,对23株家养水禽分离株进行了遗传进化分析,结果发现分离株与流行的强毒株和疫苗株遗传距离较远。其中,13株与ClassII基因Ib亚型遗传距离最近;3株属于ClassI基因2型;7株与ClassI基因3b亚型遗传距离最近。  相似文献   
970.
为探索研究尺度、零模型与群落谱系结构的关系,在小秦岭自然保护区建立1 hm~2样地,运用约束型、非约束型零模型分别从10、20、25 m 3个研究尺度上分析群落谱系结构,结果表明:(1)非约束型模型下,谱系结构聚集;约束型模型下,10、20 m尺度上,谱系聚集,25 m尺度上谱系分散。对比发现,随研究尺度增大,谱系聚集程度降低,趋于分散,可能是由于环境异质性对物种分布的影响程度降低,密度制约作用增强所致。(2)空间因子对谱系结构的影响远远大于地形因子,随研究尺度增加,空间因子及地形因子的解释量逐渐增大。地形的不同营造了不同的空间差异,二者密切相关。因此,空间因子是影响谱系结构形成的直接因素,而地形因子是间接因素。  相似文献   
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