3株鹅源新城疫病毒的分子特征和遗传发生分析

2005年分离的3株鹅源新城疫病毒毒株经毒力（MDT）检测为强毒株，鸡胚平均死亡时间为48～60h。RT—PCR扩增出了融合蛋白（F）基因，测定相应的核苷酸序列并进行遗传发生分析和酶切位点分析。对基因编码的氨基酸序列进行了推导，3个试验毒株的蛋白酶裂解激活位点附近的氨基酸序列均为112R（K）RQKR↓F117，为强毒特征序列。根据绘制的系统进化发生树和F基因上3种限制性内切酶（RE）位点分布．确定了这3个毒株均为基因Ⅶ型。以上证据表明该基因型的新城疫病毒在我国鹅群的流行占据一定优势。     

牛瑟氏泰勒虫吉林株ITS基因的克隆与系统进化分析

本研究根据GenBank上的牛瑟氏泰勒虫内转录间隔区基因(ITS基因)设计合成1对特异性引物,以采自吉林省珲春市某养牛场的血液样本为试验材料,PCR扩增牛瑟氏泰勒虫ITS基因,克隆至pMD-18T Simple载体,进行序列测定,将该基因序列与GenBank上9种已知的泰勒虫相应序列进行比较分析,建立系统进化树。结果表明:牛瑟氏泰勒虫吉林株与美国株亲缘关系较近,其次是水牛泰勒虫,与其他泰勒虫亲缘关系较远。     

Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Fowl Adenovirus and Avian Reovirus from Breeder Chickens in Japan in 2019–2021

Fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) and avian reoviruses (ARVs) are ubiquitous in poultry farms and most of them are not pathogenic, yet often cause damage to chicks. A total of 104 chicken fecal samples were collected from 7 farms of breeder chickens (layers and broilers) in Japan from 2019 to 2021, and yielded 26 FAdV plus 14 ARV isolates. By sequencing, FAdV isolates were classified as FAdV-1, 5 and 8b. ARV isolates were classified as genotype II, IV and V. These results suggest that FAdVs and ARVs are resident in the breeder chicken farms in Japan.     

中国鲎血蓝蛋白提纯及其纯化物的液相色谱串联质谱分析

为了获得高纯度的中国鲎血蓝蛋白并探究其潜在的应用价值,实验从中国鲎血淋巴中提取了血蓝蛋白,并用AKTA蛋白纯化系统进行纯化,使用液相色谱串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)技术对纯化后的血蓝蛋白进行定性分析,最后从uniprot蛋白数据库下载了22条分属5个物种的血蓝蛋白的氨基酸序列,并构建了N-J系统进化树。结果显示,制备的血蓝蛋白纯度较高,从纯化后的中国鲎血蓝蛋白中鉴定到了12种血蓝蛋白的亚基,包括Hemocyanin subunitⅠ、Hemocyanin subunitⅡ、Hemocyanin subunitⅢa、Hemocyanin subunitⅢb、Hemocyanin subunitⅣ、Hemocyanin subunitⅤ、Hemocyanin subunitⅥ等。uniprot数据库显示,这些亚基最早在圆尾鲎和美洲鲎体内被发现。N-J系统进化树显示,中国鲎血蓝蛋白与圆尾鲎和美洲鲎血蓝蛋白具有高度的同源性,并且鲎科动物血蓝蛋白与凡纳滨对虾、锯缘青蟹的血蓝蛋白有较近的进化关系,这意味着可根据虾蟹血蓝蛋白的功能推测中国鲎血蓝蛋白的功能。本研究结果有助于中国鲎血蓝蛋白的功能预测和应...     

Evaluation of genetic relationship among six Labeo species using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)

Labeo species constitute an important group of fish with intense diversity and potential for commercial aquaculture in many Southeast Asian nations including the Indian subcontinent. The present investigation involves the comparative analysis of randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) profiles of six Labeo species viz., L. bata (bata), L. calbasu (calbasu), L. dyocheilus (dyocheilus), L. fimbriatus (fimbriatus), L. gonius (gonius) and L. rohita (rohu) at the nuclear DNA variation level. Fifteen decamer random primers were chosen from 40, which amplified a total of 449 DNA fragments ranging in size from 400 to 3000 bp. Both monomorphic and polymorphic DNA bands were identified based on their presence or absence that could be used for specieswise differentiation. Similarity coefficients were calculated to quantify the genetic variation within and between species. On an average, the highest intra‐species genetic similarity value was found in calbasu (0.93) followed by rohu and fimbriatus (0.91), bata (0.87), gonius (0.86) and dyocheilus (0.77). The interspecies genetic similarity estimates among the species of Labeo were used to deduce their phylogenetic relationships. The cluster analysis showed two main clusters, one with calbasu, rohu, fimbriatus and gonius and another with bata and dyocheilus. The study provides evidence that RAPD could be used for genetic differentiation of closely related species.     

Characterization of nodavirus and viral encephalopathy and retinopathy in farmed turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.)

An outbreak of nodavirus infection in turbot larvae is described with respect to histopathology, immunohistochemistry, cell culture cultivation, RT-PCR amplification and sequence analysis of the capsid protein gene RNA2. Affected turbot developed classical signs of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER) with abnormal swimming behaviour and high mortality levels. In the acute stage of infection, light microscopy revealed vacuolation of the central nervous system (CNS), with positive immunohistochemical staining for nodavirus. Later in the infection, CNS lesions appeared more chronic and contained clusters of cells immunopositive for nodavirus. Bacterial overgrowth in the intestines of the fish may have provoked or influenced the course of the nodavirus infection. We were unable to propagate the virus in cell culture. While RT-PCR using primers designed to detect Atlantic halibut nodavirus gave negative results, further testing with primers complementary to a more conserved region of RNA2 resulted in amplification of a product of the expected size. The entire RNA2 segment was cloned and sequenced. Sequence alignment showed that the turbot nodavirus (TNV) was different from previously described fish nodaviruses. In addition, phylogenetic analysis based on an 823 nt region of the sequence indicated that TNV clustered outside the four established fish nodavirus genotypes, suggesting a fifth genotype within the betanodaviruses.     

一株鲈鲤源鲤春病毒血症病毒的分离鉴定及其病理观察

2016年4月,四川某鲈鲤(Percocypris pingi)养殖场流行一种以鳃、鱼鳔和内脏器官出血为临床特征的传染病。组织病理学观察发现,患病鲈鲤全身多组织器官均发生明显的病理损伤,尤其是肝、脾、肾、鳃和肠表现为明显的出血、变性、坏死以及炎症细胞浸润。取病鱼组织匀浆滤液接种鲤上皮瘤细胞(epithelioma papulosum cyprini, EPC),盲传3代出现典型的细胞病变(cytopathic effects, CPE)。将自然发病鱼组织匀浆滤液和细胞培养病毒液分别接种健康鲈鲤,实验鱼出现与自然发病鱼相同的症状,死亡率分别为60%和50%,而对照组未见异常。对经分离毒株ZLP160415感染出现CPE的EPC细胞制备超薄切片进行电镜观察,发现病毒呈弹状,长90～150 nm,宽40～60 nm;对自然发病鱼、人工感染发病鱼内脏组织和细胞培养病毒液进行鲤春病毒血症病毒(springviremiaofcarpvirus,SVCV)的RT-PCR检测,均扩增出目的条带。基于SVCV糖蛋白基因进行系统发育分析,结果显示分离毒株(ZLP160415)属于Ia型。结合本次疾病的流行病学与病理损伤特点、病毒分离鉴定、人工感染试验结果和透射电镜检查,确定此次流行病的病原为SVCV。     

基于全线粒体基因组的草地贪夜蛾系统地位探究及其防控建议

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda是一种重要的世界性害虫,2019年1月传入我国云南。草地贪夜蛾可以为害玉米、高粱、水稻等350余种植物,给我国农林生产带来巨大威胁。随着测序技术的飞速发展,全线粒体基因组越来越多地被应用到昆虫学研究领域。本研究以灯蛾科2种昆虫作为外群,基于全线粒体基因组数据,重建了夜蛾科22种昆虫的系统发育关系,对草地贪夜蛾的系统发育地位进行了探究。研究结果发现草地贪夜蛾与斜纹夜蛾和甜菜夜蛾的亲缘关系最近,与斜纹夜蛾构成姐妹群关系。研究结果为未来的草地贪夜蛾的防控研究提供了理论基础,同时为草地贪夜蛾的防控方法提出了一些建议。     

福建省柑橘褐斑病菌的分离、鉴定和系统进化分析

为明确在福建省南平市的橘柚和三明市的温州蜜橘上发现的疑似柑橘褐斑病的病原菌种类,采用组织分离法获得纯化菌株,通过回接法验证菌株的致病性,利用形态学特征对病原菌进行初步鉴定,并采用最大似然法以多聚半乳糖醛酸酶基因endoPG为靶标对本研究以及国内外已报道的链格孢菌株构建系统发育树,分析其遗传多样性。结果表明,从病组织中共分离获得26株纯培养菌株,经形态学鉴定均为链格孢菌Alternaria spp.。利用分生孢子液接种橘柚离体嫩叶发现,有22株菌株能侵染橘柚叶片并产生与田间相似的褐斑病症状,确认该病害为链格孢引起的柑橘褐斑病。系统发育树分析结果显示,分离所得的26株菌株均聚在已报道的4个柑橘链格孢进化分支Clade1～Clade4中,其中21株菌株聚在国内特有的分支Clade4中,有3株菌株和1株菌株分别聚在国内外兼有的分支Clade3和Clade1中,1株菌株聚在国外特有的分支Clade2中,表明在福建省采集的这些柑橘褐斑病菌均为链格孢菌,且遗传多样性较丰富。