Effects of Cinnamic Acid on Bacterial Community Diversity in Rhizosphere Soil of Cucumber Seedlings Under Salt Stress

To investigate the effects of a plant autotoxin, cinnamic acid, on bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil of cucumber seedlings under salt stress, we used cucumber as the experimental material, cinnamic acid as the autotoxin, and NaCl to apply salt stress. Bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction （PCR）, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE）, and clone sequencing. Salt stress decreased the diversity of bacterial species in rhizosphere soil of cucumber seedlings at several growth stages. Cinnamic acid exacerbated the effects of salt stress at high concentrations, but alleviated its effects at low concentrations. Cloning and sequencing results indicated that DGGE bands amplified from soil samples showed high homology to uncultured bacterial species. Cinnamic acid at 50 mg kg^-1 soil improved cucumber growth and was the most effective treatment to alleviate the effects of salt stress on bacterial communities.     

舟山盐田环境嗜盐菌和耐盐菌数量分布调查

2006～2007 年冬春夏3季在舟山定海、朱家尖、岱山盐场盐田中取卤水和底泥样品,对嗜盐菌和耐盐菌的分布状况进行调查。以NaCl为限制性生长因子,主要采用高盐、中盐及低盐3种平板,对样品中的嗜盐菌进行初步鉴定和培养计数研究。结果表明,盐田中的嗜盐菌类群在菌落、个体特征以及数量分布上有所不同,并且底泥中的菌量比卤水中高 1～2个数量级。     

集约化养鸡场空气环境中生物气溶胶特点研究

为了给北京地区不同类型养鸡场空气环境中生物气溶胶的危害评价提供基础数据,对蛋鸡和肉鸡两种养殖方式下,鸡舍内外空气环境中生物气溶胶的浓度和粒径分布进行检测,并对大肠菌群和抗生素抗性菌进行了分析。结果表明,北京郊区(县)蛋鸡舍内,所调查的五种生物气溶胶(细菌、真菌、大肠菌群、四环素和红霉素抗性菌)浓度高于同地区肉鸡舍(P<0.05)。蛋鸡舍内空气中约50%的细菌气溶胶分别具有四环素和红霉素抗性;大肠菌群、四环素抗性大肠菌群和红霉素抗性大肠菌群的平均浓度分别为7.32×103、2.87×103CFU·m-3和3.31×103CFU·m-3。两种养殖方式下细菌和真菌气溶胶粒径分布规律有所差异,导致其在细颗粒物中所占比例不同。     

细菌毒力与细菌数量对鸡胚致死率的影响

将不同来源的鸡大肠杆菌梯度稀释后进行鸡胚致死率试验,探讨细菌毒力与细菌数量对鸡胚致死率的影响。结果表明,大肠杆菌菌数在100~1 000 CFU范围内,菌数与其致病力间相关性不显著(P0.05),鸡胚死亡率表现为菌株毒力的影响。     

乌鲁木齐市再生水灌溉对小白菜内源微生物的影响

[目的]研究乌鲁木齐市再生水用于农业灌溉的可行性。[方法]以小白菜为研究对象,分别用清水对照、浓度50%的再生水和浓度100%的再生水浇灌,测定小白菜内部微生物菌群数。[结果]浓度50%的再生水增加了小白菜68.94%的湿重,但是随着外源微生物内化程度的加深,小白菜体内菌群总数和大肠菌群数都在0.05水平显著高于其他。[结论]再生水在提高小白菜质量的同时能增加内部细菌含量,不宜用于小白菜等可食用性作物的浇灌。若在污水处理时加强消毒措施,则可以解决该问题。     

鱼菜共生系统中乳酸菌的筛选及其发酵矿化应用

针对鱼菜共生系统固体废弃物资源化利用效率低的问题,该研究旨在筛选出抗逆性好、矿化功能强的鱼源性乳酸菌,加强鱼粪残饵的发酵矿化性能。试验从鱼菜共生系统中的生物滤料和鱼体中分离乳酸菌,并通过抗逆性及发酵矿化性能检测,筛选出2株具有应用潜力的鱼粪残饵矿化菌株,经鉴定分别为乳酸乳球菌（Lactococcus lactis）L1和糊精乳杆菌（Lactobacillus dextrinicus）L2。耐温性、耐酸碱性和耐盐性检测结果显示,L1表现出较好的抗逆性。在 50 ℃时,L1存活率为96.60%,显著高于L2的存活率80.35%（P<0.05）;在pH值分别为5.0和9.0时,L1的存活率分别为65.43%和71.25%,高于L2的存活率31.10%和52.22%（P<0.05）;当盐浓度为60 g/L时,L1的存活率为37.33%,而L2无法存活。通过比较对照组（CK组,未添加乳酸菌）和乳酸乳球菌组（L组,添加乳酸乳球菌）发酵矿化过程中发酵液水质和矿物元素含量,结果显示 L组的有机物降解及矿化效果更好,除硫（S）元素以外,钾（K）、钙（Ca）、镁（Mg）、铁（Fe）、锰（Mn）和锌（Zn）元素的矿化率均在第3天达到最高（27.59%～94.67%）。综上所述,乳酸乳球菌（Lactococcus lactis）具有较强的抗逆性和显著的发酵矿化效果,且其最佳发酵矿化周期为3 d。该研究可为提高鱼菜共生系统固体废弃物资源化利用效率提供技术支持。     

甜高粱根际溶磷菌溶磷能力及菌株特性研究

利用蒙金娜培养基,从甜高粱根际分离具有溶磷能力的菌株,通过溶磷圈法筛选出5株溶磷能力较强的菌株,利用钼锑抗比色法和Salkowski比色法分别对溶磷特性与分泌IAA能力进行测定,结果表明,筛选的菌株分解磷酸钙的能力存在显著差异,溶磷量在107.26~233.95 μg/mL之间,各菌株均具有分泌IAA能力,IAA分泌量在15.23~27.79 μg/mL之间,接种溶磷菌后甜高粱株高、茎粗、干重都比对照明显提升。因此, 溶磷能力和分泌IAA能力较强的菌株(WD₅₁、WD₂₀) 可作为研制微生物肥料的优良菌株。     

益生素预防畜禽腹泻机理的研究

用革兰氏阳性的嗜酸乳杆菌和枯草杆菌的活菌和死菌喂饲了８０只雏鸡，用嗜酸乳杆菌的活菌和死菌喂饲了３７头仔猪和２４头犊牛，观察这些细菌防畜禽腹泻的效果。结果证明这两种细菌的活菌与死菌都有预防腹泻的功能，嗜酸乳杆菌的效果好于枯草杆菌。两种菌的活菌和死菌都有预防作用说明是菌体成分或代谢产物可能是预防腹泻的主要有效成分。     

中国传统乳制品中优良乳酸菌的筛选及复合菌株发酵的初步研究

该试验针对中国少数民族传统乳制品,分离纯化得到56株乳酸菌。其中7株厌氧菌,11株乳球菌,38株乳杆菌。通过传代试验、凝乳时间、酸奶酸度及凝乳时风味的感官评价,选出其中4株性能较佳的乳酸菌：杆菌A、B,球菌C、D。球杆菌1∶1进行复合菌发酵性能研究,结果表明复合菌在发酵过程中,产酸速度比单菌株发酵剂快,能在5h内达到凝乳,且后酸化程度较弱,4℃保藏21d后酸度维持在120°T左右,符合工业化发酵剂的要求。通过对4种复合菌发酵剂的后酸化能力、产双乙酰能力、蛋白水解能力以及发酵乳的感官效果比较,最后筛选出AD复合菌发酵牛乳的效果最佳,具有成为生产发酵剂的潜力。     

Fatty acid composition of ruminal bacteria and protozoa,and effect of defaunation on fatty acid profile in the rumen with special reference to conjugated linoleic acid in cattle

Objectives of this study were to compare fatty acid (FA) composition of ruminal bacterial (B) and protozoal (P) cells, and to investigate effect of protozoa on FA profile in the rumen of cattle. Three cows were used to prepare ruminal B and P cells. Four faunated and three defaunated cattle (half‐siblings) were used to study effect of protozoa on ruminal FA profile. Proportions of C16:0 and C18:0 in total fatty acids in B cells were 20.7% and 37.4%, whereas those in P cells were 33.4% and 11.6%, respectively. Proportions of trans‐vaccenic acid (VA) and cis‐9, trans‐11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in B cells were 3.9% and 1.0%, and those in P cells were 5.5% and 1.6%, respectively, being higher in P cells. Proportions of C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3 in P cells were two to three times higher than in B cells. Proportions of unsaturated fatty acids, VA and CLA in B cells of faunated cattle were higher than those of defaunated. VA and CLA in the ruminal fluid of faunated were also 1.6 to 2.5 times higher than those of defaunated. This tendency was similar for cell‐free fraction of ruminal fluid. These results indicate that protozoa contribute greatly in VA and CLA production in the rumen.