利用信息肽诱导和Cre/LoxP系统构建猪链球菌基因缺失株

为建立一种高效的猪链球菌(Streptococcus suis)基因缺失方法,本研究利用信息肽诱导DNA片段转化和Cre/LoxP系统去除抗性基因这两种技术,通过在S.suis 05ZYH33的ssu05_1921基因上、下游片段和壮观霉素抗性基因(spc)片段之间引入LoxP位点,采用信息肽GE9诱导构建的DNA片段转化S.suis并发生重组,经抗性筛选快速获得spc替代ssu05_1921基因的缺失株;进一步引入pSET6s/P_tufA-cre质粒表达Cre重组酶作用于LoxP位点,去除spc基因,产生无痕ssu05_1921基因缺失株,经测序和RT-PCR验证缺失正确。本研究建立的该方法简单、快捷、阳性率高,为构建S.suis基因缺失株、研究S.suis致病机制提供了新的选择。     

性诱剂诱杀法防治玉米螟的应用技术试验

本文为采用合成性信息素诱杀亚洲玉米螟越冬代成虫,提供了一套经济有效的田间应用技术。     

小地老虎雄蛾对性信息素的行为反应

为深入了解小地老虎性信息素通讯系统,利用风洞技术测定了小地老虎雄蛾对性信息素各组分及其不同组合的行为反应.结果表明,5种单一组分Z7-12:Ac(A)、Z9-14:Ac(B)、Z11-16:Ac(C)、Z5-10:Ac(D)、Z8-12:Ac(E)只能引起雄蛾兴奋,均不能引起雄蛾向性信息素源定向飞行;当性信息素释放源为二元混合物AB时,能引起15.71%的雄蛾完成从兴奋到搜索释放源,并表现出预交尾的完整行为反应;在同等使用剂量下,三元混合物ABC的引诱效果最好,有40.58%的雄蛾能搜索释放源,26.15%的雄蛾表现预交尾行为.三元混合物ABC在最佳比例(3:1:1)下,制成不同剂量的诱芯进行风洞试验,结果发现剂量为100μg时雄蛾反应最强烈,有29.87%的雄蛾表现预交尾行为,50μg次之,二者间差异不显著(P≥0.05).     

Potential application of baited remote underwater video to survey abundance of west coast rock lobster Jasus lalandii

The first assessment of the baited remote underwater video system (BRUVs) for monitoring rock lobster Jasus lalandii (Milne‐Edwards) in South Africa was compared to annual ring net and trap survey data. Count data from 58 BRUVs, 36 ring net and 95 trap samples were fitted with generalised additive models using depth, habitat, time and spatial gradient as independent variables. A power analysis was used to determine the number of samples needed per annum to detect a 5 and 10% increase and decrease in population size. The BRUVs outperformed the nets and traps in terms of sampling effort and were better at detecting changes in abundance of lobster than abundance of three fish species. Considering factors such as cost, analysis time, additional data and environmental impact, traps are the most feasible method in deeper waters but BRUVs could replace nets and traps in depths less than 60 m, low‐density areas and marine reserves.     

自动采集转轮及其在鱼类资源调查中的应用

介绍了一种自动采集转轮的结构、工作原理及其在鱼类资源调查中的应用。自动采集转轮特别适合在小河流及溪流中自动采集小型鱼类,并且选择性小、活体采样、对鱼类无大的损伤、可长期自动运行、成本低廉。     

Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Nursing Responses to Cuticular Cues Emanating from Short-term Changes in Larval Rearing Environment

Honey bee larvae are dependent on the social structure of colony for their provisioning and survival. With thousands of larvae being managed collectively by groups of foragers (collecting food resources) and nurse bees (processing food and provisioning larvae), coordination of colony efforts in rearing brood depends on multiple dynamic cues of larval presence and needs. Much of these cues appear to be chemical, with larvae producing multiple pheromones, major being brood ester pheromone (BEP; nonvolatile blend of fatty acid esters) that elicits both short-term releaser effects and long-term primer effects. While BEP can affect colony food collection and processing with the signaling of larval presence, it is unclear if BEP signals individual larval needs. To understand this aspect, in a series of experiments we manipulated larval feeding environment by depriving larvae from adult bee contact for 4-h period and examined (1) nurse bee interactions with contact-deprived and nondeprived larvae and larval extracts; (2) forager bee responses to contact-deprived and nondeprived larval extracts. We also characterized BEP of contact-deprived and nondeprived larvae. We found that nurse honey bees tend to aggregate more over contact-deprived larvae when compared with nondeprived larvae, but that these effects were not found in response to whole hexane extracts. Our analytical results suggest that BEP components changed in both quantity and quality over short period of contact deprivation. These changes affected foraging behavior, but did not appear to directly affect nursing behavior, suggesting that different chemical cues are involved in regulating nursing effort to individual larvae.     

Aerial drone technology can assist compliance of trap fisheries

Illegal fishing is a global issue that threatens the viability of fishing industries and biodiversity conservation. Management agencies typically use on‐ground surveillance to monitor and minimise illegal fishing practices, the efficacy of which may be enhanced by integrating emerging remote sensing technology. Affordable drones may contribute to cost‐effective detection of illegal fishing activity and associated gear, although their application has yet to be evaluated in many types of fisheries. Here, the utility of drones for the detection of crab traps and floats set in a shallow estuary was quantitatively tested, and the effects of survey altitudes, cameras and monitor screens on detection rates were determined. It was found that drone flight altitude and float colour influenced the detection rates of common crab trap floats, with infrared cameras improving the detection of floats camouflaged by black paint. However, the type of monitor screen used by the drone operator had no influence on the detection of crab traps. Overall, it appears drones can contribute to cost‐effective compliance in estuarine trap fisheries, and the approach can contribute to evidence‐based standard operating procedures.     

基于特征融合图像分割算法的生态廊道提取

为提取最短路径生态廊道且兼顾多种生物的迁徙可行性,提出基于特征融合图像分割算法的生态廊道提取方法。融合颜色特征与纹理特征得到生态廊道的感兴趣区域,构建卷积神经网络模型,将研究区景观分为林地、耕地、草地、水域等类型,据此构建路径栅格图;利用二维信息素更新策略、动态启发因子信息素因子策略改进传统蚁群算法,以栅格图为对象使用改进蚁群算法规划最短的生态廊道路径。结果表明,该方法图像分割F值在0.954～0.984之间,波动性小;提取的生态廊道路径相对较短、拐点较少,起始点与终点之间更容易实现物质流动。     

杀虫剂对害虫的亚致死效应研究进展

杀虫剂的亚致死效应研究是害虫可持续治理和杀虫剂科学应用中一项较复杂、重要的课题,其研究的最终目的在于更好地推进化学杀虫剂在害虫综合治理(IPM)中的合理应用,同时实现“农药减量控害”的目的。鉴于此,本文根据近年文献资料,分类整理了杀虫剂对害虫生长发育、繁殖力、生态行为和抗药性等方面的亚致死效应,主要阐述了有关解毒酶及性信息素通讯系统的亚致死效应作用机制,并对杀虫剂亚致死效应的研究前景进行了展望,旨在为更全面深入了解杀虫剂的亚致死效应及科学应用提供参考和理论依据。