黄色粘虫板对黄瓜大棚内几种害虫的诱杀效果

在种植黄瓜的大棚内,研究了黄色粘虫板的不同挂板时间对大棚内蚜虫、斑潜蝇、烟粉虱、白粉虱、蓟马、绿盲蝽等6种害虫诱杀效果的影响。结果表明:挂黄色粘虫板的时间越早,大棚内后期的蚜虫、斑潜蝇、蓟马、绿盲蝽、白粉虱的数量越少,即诱杀效果越好;从2月18日起挂黄色粘虫板可以将大棚内的蚜虫、蓟马、绿盲蝽的数量控制在一个较低的水平,将斑潜蝇、烟粉虱的数量控制在一个稳定的水平,但白粉虱数量依然呈增加的趋势;从3月20日起挂黄色粘虫板也可以将大棚内的蓟马、绿盲蝽数量控制在一个稳定的水平,但是控制烟粉虱的效果不显著。     

Estimating risks for spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus (L.)) damage using pheromone‐baited traps and trees

The risk for damage associated with spruce bark beetle attacks on living trees was estimated in 12 forest districts in the Nordic countries during three years. Pheromone‐baited traps and trees were used. Five groups of three traps were deployed annually on fresh spruce clear‐fellings in each district. The mean catches within districts and years ranged from 950 to 46000 beetles per trap group. The standard error averaged 15 % of the mean catch. One tree was baited annually at each of five other sites in each district. The mean number of trees colonized by Ips typographus in each district and year ranged from 0 to 5 per site. The standard error was high, averaging 44% of the mean. Inventories of tree mortality within the districts yielded values ranging from 0 to 150 killed trees per km of spruce forest edge. There was a strong linear correlation between mean catches in traps and log‐transformed tree mortality (r=0.82). The correlation between colonization success at tree‐baiting sites and tree mortality was weaker (r=0.59), owing to one deviant observation. The results indicate that pheromone traps and baited trees may be used to assess the risk for damage caused by Ips typographus.     

天敌昆虫对信息化学物质的利用

信息化学物质在天敌昆虫寻找猎物,取食,避敌的过程中起着十分重要的作用。本文从天敌最常用的三种信息化学物质（利他素、互利素和标记信息素）入手,分别阐述了天敌昆虫对各种信息化学物质的利用,总结了国内外对天敌信息化学物研究现状,对将来的研究方向提出了一些建议。     

Evaluation of calibrated passive sampling for quantifying ammonia emissions in multi-plot field trials with slurry application

Background

There is a great need for simple and inexpensive methods to quantify ammonia emissions in multi-plot field trials. However, methods that meet these criteria have to be thoroughly validated. In the calibrated passive sampling approach, acid traps placed in the center of quadratic plots absorb ammonia, enabling relative comparisons between plots. To quantify ammonia emissions, these acid trap samplings are scaled by means of a transfer coefficient (TC) obtained from simultaneous measurements with the dynamic tube method (DTM). However, dynamic tube measurements are also comparatively costly and time-consuming.

Aims

Our objective was to assess the best practice for using calibrated passive sampling in multi-plot field trials. One particular challenge in such experiments is to evaluate the influence of ammonia drift between plots.

Methods

In a series of eight multi-plot field trials, acid traps and DTM were used simultaneously on all plots to measure ammonia emissions caused by different slurry application techniques. Data obtained by both methods were correlated, and the influence of the ubiquitous ammonia background on both methods was evaluated by comparing net values, including the subtraction of the background with gross values (no background subtraction). Finally, we provide recommendations for calculating a TC for calibrating relative differences between plots, based on simultaneous acid trap and dynamic tube measurements on selected plots.

Results

Treatment mean values obtained by both methods correlated well. For most field trials, R² values between 0.6 and 0.8 were obtained. Ammonia background concentrations affected both methods. Drift between plots contributed to the background for the acid traps, whereas the contamination of the chamber system might have caused the background for the DTM. Treatments with low emissions were comparatively more affected by that background.

Conclusion

For a robust application of calibrated passive sampling, we recommend calculating the TC based on a treatment with high ammonia emissions, reducing the relative influence of the ubiquitous ammonia background.     

Dismate PE对印度谷螟的防治效果

食品在储藏过程中极易受到鳞翅目螟蛾科害虫危害,印度谷螟尤为常见,由于其幼虫极易在谷堆或者食品包装内部孳生,使得害虫防治遇到了困难。Dismate PE是一种专门针对螟蛾科害虫研发的昆虫信息素性诱剂,通过多年的药效试验表明,其对印度谷螟的防治效果不低于任何化学杀虫剂,同时安全环保。     

齐齐哈尔半干旱地区虫情测报灯诱集昆虫试验

通过在齐齐哈尔半干旱地区使用自动虫情灯诱集昆虫试验,结果表明,在试验区,鳞翅目、双翅目和同翅目昆虫占绝对优势;诱集到的昆虫中,森林害虫和农业害虫占较大比例,其中草地螟(Loxostege sticticalis Linne)数量最多,3年中共诱集到17 500头,占总诱集数量的31.15%;诱集害虫的同时也诱集到一些益虫,但数量不足以影响生态平衡。因此,使用自动虫情测报灯具有良好的害虫诱集效果。     

甜菜夜蛾与斜纹夜蛾性诱芯田间合用的干扰作用

研究了“并列使用”和“复合使用”方式下甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua)与斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura)性诱芯在田间合用时的干扰作用.结果表明,甜菜夜蛾与斜纹夜蛾性诱芯联合使用对各自诱捕效果均有明显的干扰作用,相对甜菜夜蛾,斜纹夜蛾受干扰程度较小.甜菜夜蛾单控点处理9月上、中、下旬平均诱蛾量较并列双控点处理分别增加了62.66倍、155.33倍、84.47倍;斜纹夜蛾单控点处理则分别增加了22.40倍、4.05倍、0.36倍,差异极显著;相对复合双控点处理,两单控点的增幅均相对较大.同一监测点上安装两种诱芯,在同一诱捕器中的干扰作用强于分装在不同诱捕器中.     

亚洲玉米螟性信息素合成研究进展

对亚洲玉米螟性信息素结构的确定、主要合成方法(碳链增长合成策略和碳链缩短合成策略)研究进展进行了综述,为亚洲玉米螟的防治提供了借鉴。     

2010～2012年广西宜州市甘蔗螟虫性诱测报

[目的]了解宜州市蔗区甘蔗螟虫的发生动态,为有效防治甘蔗螟虫提供参考。[方法]在宜州市洛东乡、河池市农业科学研究所选定有代表性的蔗地作为测报点,共设3个,每个测报点设3个诱捕点,每个诱捕点进行条螟、二点螟和黄螟的性诱测报,调查螟蛾诱捕量。[结果]宜州市蔗区条螟占总诱蛾量的71.6%,二点螟占24.5%,黄螟占3.9%,2010～2012年螟虫始见日分别出现在3月下旬、4月下旬和4月上旬,盛蛾期出现在4和6月,2次盛蛾期中二点螟较条螟分别早7和20 d,2012年诱蛾量较2010、2011年明显突出。[结论]宜州市蔗区主要受条螟为害,二点螟次之,黄螟零星发现,条螟、二点螟交叉为害,性诱剂对发生于前期的第1、2代螟蛾测报效果明显,防治应于4月中下旬、6月中下旬重点喷药,2012年宜州蔗区条螟、二点螟暴发性突出,螟害严重。     

寄主植物挥发物与粘虫板对林间苹小吉丁引诱效果评价

【目的】评价植物挥发性物质对苹小吉丁Agrilus mali Masumura林间引诱效果,为有效地监测苹小吉丁林间发生动态及成虫诱杀为主的绿色防控提供技术支撑。【方法】在野外苹果园内悬挂4种波长粘虫板与5种挥发物组合,评价林间引诱苹小吉丁效果。【结果】4种颜色粘虫板与5种挥发物组合对苹小吉丁在林间的引诱效果存在显著差异,其中顺-3-己烯醇分别与蛋黄色和浅绿色粘虫板组合对苹小吉丁的引诱效果较强,3 d 最大引诱数量分别达到66.00、63.00头/张,3 d 平均引诱数量分别为24.67、22.48头/张,与其它挥发物相比均有显著差异(P<0.05),雌虫的诱捕数量明显高于雄虫。苹小吉丁引诱数量在一定剂量范围内,随着挥发物剂量的增加呈现降低趋势。【结论】苹小吉丁对蛋黄色粘虫板与浅绿色粘虫板具有较好的趋向性,顺-3-己烯醇对粘虫板具有增效作用。蛋黄色或浅绿色粘虫板与顺-3-己烯醇组合,可作为苹小吉丁林间种群动态监测的手段。