桃潜蛾性信息素合成技术研究进展

介绍了以化学手段合成桃潜蛾性信息素的技术,从桃潜蛾性信息素合成技术发展的2个阶段(外消旋体的制备阶段、手性化合物的制备阶段)及4种合成方法(5 13,6 12,7 11,8 10方法)进行了综述,展示了其最新的合成路线,并展望了未来发展的趋势.     

Effect of Pheromone Blend Components,Sex Ratio,and Population Size on the Mating of Cadra cautella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

The almond moth Cadra cautella (Walker), a key pest of storage facilities, is difficult to manage using synthetic chemicals. Pheromone-based management methods remain a high priority due to advantages over conventional management practices, which typically use insecticides. Cadra cautella females release a blend of pheromone including (Z, E)-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate (ZETA) and (Z)-9-tetradecadien-1-yl acetate (ZTA). The effect of these components on mating of C. cautella and how response varies with the population density and sex ratio remain unknown. In this study, the mating status of C. cautella was studied inside mating cages under different ratios of ZETA and ZTA diluted in hexane and at different population sizes either with equal or unequal sex ratio. The lowest percentage of mated females (highest mating disruption [MD] effects), corresponding to roughly 12.5%, was produced by a 5:1 and 3.3:1 ratio of ZETA:ZTA. Populations with equal sex ratio showed the lowest percentage of mated females, at 20% and 12.5% under lower and higher density, respectively. The next lowest percentage of mated females was produced when the sex ratio was set to 1: 2 and 2:1 male:female, with just 25% and 22.5% of moths mated, respectively. This study shows that mating status of C. cautella is influenced by ZETA:ZTA ratio, sex ratio, and population size. This current knowledge would have useful implications for mating disruption programs.     

黄斑长翅卷蛾性信息素研究进展

黄斑长翅卷蛾是我国北方果园的重要经济害虫之一。利用性信息素监测和防治果树害虫是安全治理害虫的有效途径。文章综述了黄斑长翅卷蛾性信息素的生物学、化学、感受系统、行为学及其田间应用等研究现状,讨论了存在的问题、研究重点及应用前景。     

信息素在害虫综合治理中的研究进展

信息素主要以化学手段研究生态系统中信息物质的产生、转运、传导、接受及作用机理,是当前国际化学生态学界最活跃的研究领域之一。本文综述了目前国内外化学生态学领域中信息素在害虫防治中的应用研究进展,及利用昆虫性信息素、聚集信息素和植物利己素、互利素等进行害虫综合治理的应用研究现状。同时展示了化学信息素在未来害虫综合治理中的应用前景及化学信息素的研究方向。     

苹果蠹蛾空间分布型及数学消长模型研究

为进一步了解苹果蠹蛾(Cydia pomonellaL.)的生态学习性,对该虫在香梨园的空间分布型及其数学消长模型进行了研究。结果表明:苹果蠹蛾在田间的空间分布型受密度的影响较大:成虫在平均密度m≤3时,个体间相互吸引,分布的基本成分为个体群,呈聚集分布,且聚集强度随种群密度的升高而增加;在m>3时,个体间相互排斥,呈均匀分布;构建了苹果蠹蛾的数学消长模型:越冬代Nt=0.02669.t3.07095.e-0.26881t;第一代Nt=5.27497×10-7.t6.70833.e-0.24771t。     

金钱松小卷蛾性信息素的应用

为用我们实验室合成的金钱松小卷蛾性信息素来防治大面积金钱松林中的小卷蛾,采用了2种方法:1大量诱捕在约20hm2的试验林中,设置了2200个信息素诱捕器,每晚每器最多可诱捕雄蛾1000多头;2干扰交配在约4hm2的试验林中,设置了约4000个信息素干扰源,以破坏两性间的信息交流,从而阻止交配.结果表明:在同一地点,处理前和处理后诱捕器诱捕雄蛾的数量有明显差异(P=2.711>Ta);在同一时间,处理区和对照区诱捕雄蛾的数量更有显著差异(P=3.019>Ta);雄蛾辨识雌蛾方向的能力已受到严重干扰,说明用性信息素防治金钱松小卷蛾是切实可行的.