柑桔保健果醋酿制工艺的研究

为开发利用我国的柑桔资源,对柑桔果醋的酿制工艺进行了研究.通过拟水平均匀试验优选出最佳工艺条件:果胶酶水解的最佳条件为:加酶量0.037%,温度40℃,时间4 h;酒精发酵的最优条件为:接菌种量0.037%,温度30℃,表观糖度11%;醋酸发酵的最优条件为:接菌种量0.85%,温度37℃,酒精度(v/v)6.0%.通过营养分析和对比表明,生产出的果醋具有良好的营养价值,适合于作为调味品或者生产保健饮料.     

Using composted wheat residue as a growth medium in culture of tomato

A greenhouse experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different growing media on some properties of tomato (Lycopersicom esculentum L. cv. Falcato). Four growing media including wheat residue, composted wheat residue, coco peat + perlite, and coco peat + soil were applied in pot experiment with completely randomized design with three replications. The results showed that fruit yield, chlorophyll, and vitamin C contents of tomatoes grown in the composted wheat residue and coco peat + perlite treatments were significantly greater than the other growth media. Fresh weight of root and inflorescence were higher in the tomatoes cultivated in the composted wheat residue pots than the other media. Higher internode length and nutrient concentrations in leaf and fruit at the coco peat + perlite treatment were obtained as compared to the other growth media treatments. According to the results, it can be concluded that the coco peat + perlite can be substituted for by composted wheat residue for the cultivation of tomato.     

马家柚粗皮果形成过程的解剖学观察

为了解马家柚粗皮果形成的原因,以马家柚光皮果为对照,比较了果实发育期间果皮的显微结构。通过对外果皮的解剖结构观察发现,光皮果的油胞下凹,而粗皮果的油胞略有凸起,并且粗皮果的油胞体积明显大于光皮果,二者在油胞上所表现的这些差异可能是导致粗皮果果皮粗糙的主要原因。通过对中果皮的解剖结构观察发现,在果皮成熟时粗皮果中果皮细胞较光皮果形态上更细长,果皮射线方向细胞直径更大,细胞间隙也更大,这些可能是导致粗皮果果皮增厚、海绵层疏松现象的原因之一。     

Screening fruit tree genetic resources in Belgium for disease resistance and other desirable characters

Summary The wide diversity of old fruit-tree cultivars originating or introduced into Belgium during the 18 ^th and 19 ^th centuries was collected as far as feasible over the last fifteen years at the State Plant Pathology Station in Gembloux. Out of the 2400 accessions now collected, one quarter was recovered from old public collections, and three quarters came from farms or gardens. The initial intention was to screen the material for disease resistance and other characters of agronomic interest with a view to using the best cultivars as breeding parents. However, as the collection developed, genetic resources conservation also became an objectiveper se. The collection presently contains 1150 apple, 850 pear and 300 plum accessions, and smaller numbers of other fruit species. Each accession is evaluated in an experimental orchard for at least ten years. In view of the growing public interest in old fruit-tree cultivars, the Plant Pathology Station has for several years been releasing to the nursery trade the better cultivars emerging from the evaluation, namely nine apple and four plum cultivars, and one peach cultivar. The principal features of the apple cultivars are presented in this paper. Since 1988, old apple and plum cultivars have been being used at the Station as parents in a breeding programme, with both controlled and open pollination. In some instances, old apple cultivars have also been crossed with a modern parent carrying the Vf gene for scab resistance. The preliminary observations on some of these seedlings are presented.     

不同整形方式对酿酒葡萄及葡萄酒品质差异研究

目的研究油菜素内酯处理对葡萄成熟及着色过程中果实品质的影响。方法以酿酒葡萄蛇龙珠(Vitis vinifera cv. Cabernet Gernischet)为试验材料,分别采用质量浓度为0.1、0.4和0.8 mg/L 的24-表油菜素内酯(EBR)在葡萄转色之前进行喷洒果穗处理,以0.1%的乙醇和0.1%的吐温−80水溶液处理为对照(CK),并从处理开始时每隔14 d取样,测定果粒6个主要品质指标。结果与对照相比,EBR处理可显著提高成熟葡萄浆果中的还原糖、可溶性固形物以及浆果果皮中的总花色苷、总酚以及单宁的含量(P＜0.05),而显著降低了可滴定酸含量(P＜0.05)。结论3个不同质量浓度EBR处理明显促进了蛇龙珠葡萄果实的成熟,对蛇龙珠葡萄果实品质起着积极的影响,其中0.4 mg/L的EBR处理效果最明显。     

白鸡腰子温带野生果树植物资源

白鸡腰子屑温带气候，在低地落叶阔叶树混交林带和红松混交林带中具有种类繁多的野生果树植物资源。作者研究了25种果实可以鲜食的主要温带野生果树，包括其生活型、果实风味、大小，形态和花期、果期等。指出了部分果树可以栽培并在温带地区推广，同时，还简述了主要野生果树的民间利用方式；指出了由于清林、种参和森林减少，使资源正受到威胁，建议加强驯化研究和保护。     

Effects of the Polish Rootstocks P2 and P22 on Vigour,Yield and Fruit Characteristics of the Apple Cultivar ‘Gravenstein’

Abstract

The performance of the Polish rootstocks P2 and P22 under Norwegian growing conditions was evaluated over 10 years (1983–92). Tree vigour of the apple cultivar ‘Gravenstein’ on P2 and P22 was 64 and 16% of that on M9, respectively. Trees on P2 had the highest yield efficiency, but less total yield per tree than M9. Owing to very dwarfing growth, trees on P22 failed to establish a sufficient canopy and produced significantly smaller apples. P2 and P22 affected apple soluble solids in a favourable way, but did not influence fruit acidity.     

Inheritance of firmness in raw cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) fruit

Summary Inheritance of raw cucumber fruit texture (Magness-Taylor Fruit Pressure Tester firmness) was investigated over a 4-year period from 1971–1974. Results from 2 separate but related experiments suggested that firmness was quantitatively inherited with sufficient additive effects to permit gain from selection. In a selection study within 4 F₂ populations derived from crosses between firm (Chipper and Gy3) and soft (Mincu and Green F) fruit type cultivars, variation among and within F₃ and F₄ families was significant but overall family means were not significantly higher than the high parent in any of the 4 crosses. Narrow sense heritability estimates for fruit texture were 0.80 in the Mincu × Chipper population and 0.77 in the Green F × Chipper, Mincu × Gy3, and Gy3 × Green F crosses. In a separate experiment, generation means analysis was used to assess the mode of gene action in 2 crosses: Green F × Chipper, and Gy3 × Green F. Additive genetic effects accounted for 98.8% and 99.3% of the total genetic variation within each cross, respectively.Scientific Journal Series Paper No. 9794.     

草莓畸形果的胚胎学研究

在草莓生产中,有的品种（如戈雷拉）常产生青顶等畸形果现象,严重影响果品质量。本研究以“戈雷拉”（畸形）和“小实”（正常）品种为材料,从胚胎学方面进行比较,探讨畸形果产生的原因。结果如下：１）切片观察表明,两品种相比,草莓各部位的胚发育是不同步的,从下而上具有一定的时序性,其中“小实”的差异较小,而“戈雷拉”差异明显。观察表明,“戈雷拉”位于花托顶端雌蕊的花柱结构异常,致使顶部的胚珠不能受精结实。２）分析两品种间花粉的散发量、花粉生活力、花粉萌发力以及花粉管的伸长速度等方面,“戈雷拉”均明显低于“小实”品种。综上结果认为,造成“戈雷拉”畸形果的产生,可能有多种原因,但上述原因可认为是产生顶部不结实,致使后期花托内生长素含量不同,从而造成果顶生长缓慢的主要原因。     

植物生长调节剂对香梨采前落果、果实品质及产量的影响

以库尔勒香梨果树为试材,在香梨幼果膨大期喷施不同浓度生长植物调节剂,每隔15 d喷施1次,共喷施5次,收果时调查香梨的坐果率、果实品质及产量,并分析经济效益。结果表明:以NAA 10 mg、GA 10 mg及黄腐酸复合微量元素的处理效果较为明显,该处理降低了香梨采前落果率,提高了香梨一级果率,并改善了果实品质,增加了种植效益。