Antifungal activity of 1,3-disubstituted symmetrical and unsymmetrical thioureas

1,3-disubstituted aliphatic and aromatic symmetrical and unsymmetrical thioureas were synthesised by novel routes and the antifungal activities of these compounds against two plant pathogens, Pyricularia oryzae and Drechslera oryzae were studied in Czapek-Dox medium at four different concentrations using acetone as the control and the structure-activity relationship among the substituted thioureas is reported. © 1998 SCI.     

抗白叶枯病菌水稻体细胞无性变异系离体筛选后代的生理生化特性

 对离体筛选的抗白叶枯病的粳稻105R、粳稻3037R后代植株功能叶的生理生化特性进行测定,结果表明:与未筛选的粳稻105S、粳稻3037S相比,筛选后代植株中可溶性蛋白质含量低,而酚类物质和木质素含量、过氧化物酶(PO)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性均明显高于未经筛选的对照(感病)品种。由此说明离体筛选抗病品系的抗病机制与一般抗性品种类似。     

水稻白叶枯病菌hrpF启动子序列调控的绿色荧光蛋白基因表达体系的构建

为了阐明启动子序列对水稻白叶枯病菌效应子基因表达的调控作用及特征,通过融合PCR将报告基因GFP基因置于水稻白叶枯病菌hrpF基因启动子序列的下游,经酶切、PCR鉴定及序列测定,成功构建了受hrpF启动子序列调控的GFP基因转录单元pMF-GFP,并转入JXO I菌株中。结果发现构建的hrpF：：GFP转录单元,在hrp诱导培养基XOM2上可有效诱导表达,而在NA培养基上不能诱导表达。结果还显示,在大肠杆菌中,中间表达载体phrpF：：GFP具有GFP表达活性。     

水稻白叶枯病菌单细胞系毒力分化研究

 以稀释倒平板法从0型菌086和IV型菌967-4和9620中分离到59个单细胞系;在12个近等基因系品种上,086和其单细胞系表现为弱毒力,2个IV型菌及其单细胞系能克服抗病基因Xa-1、2、3、8、10、11、14的抗性,不能克服Xa-21、4、5、7、13的抗性;带主效抗病基因的品种Asominori、XM5、M41、XM6和丰锦能把3个母株的59个单细胞系区分为12种数量差异或质量差异的不同致病型;将此5品种与近等基因系配合,适合作为病菌致病基因变异频度监测的寄主;采用"段叶沙培,切口取菌胶"法分离病菌,在中国致病型鉴定品种上划分的致病型,是田间病菌群体毒力结构的表型反应。     

花生非淀粉多糖和抗氧化肽同步提取技术研究

研究米曲霉和酿酒酵母混合固态发酵热榨花生粕同步提取花生非淀粉多糖和抗氧化肽,为花生粕的高值化利用提供理论基础。以发酵产物的可溶性氮浓度、1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼(DPPH)自由基清除率、羟自由基清除率和非淀粉多糖得率为考察指标,研究了菌种比例、接种量、营养盐溶液量、发酵温度、发酵时间、水浴温度和水浴时间对发酵效果的影响,确定最佳工艺条件为:菌种比例1∶2,接种量3mL,营养盐溶液添加量30mL,发酵温度33℃,发酵时间42h,水浴温度40℃,水浴时间6h。此工艺下发酵产物的可溶性氮浓度为46.32mg/mL、DPPH自由基清除率为71.90%、羟自由基清除率为96.96%、非淀粉多糖得率为4.36%。发酵产物经乙醇沉淀和超滤分离得到的花生非淀粉多糖和抗氧化肽产品具有清除自由基、抑制脂质过氧化、金属离子螯合力和还原力等4大类抗氧化活性。     

利用显性选择标记基因转化稻瘟病菌（英文）

 利用抗药性标记基因(Hygromycin B, hygB)建立稻瘟病菌的转化系统。结果表明， Aspergillus的TrpC转录信号与细菌的hygB抗性结构基因重组的质粒pCSN43可取在稻瘟病菌中表达，该质粒与受体菌无同源顺序，因而有利于对转化菌株进行筛选和分析。 电激法和PEG/Ca^2＋ 法均适用于转化稻瘟病菌，但后者的转化效率比前者高。     

Evaluation of the Pathotypes of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Preliminary Analysis of the Resistant Reactions of Main Japonica Rice in the Yunnan Plateau, China

The pathogenicity of 36 isolates of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae （Xoo）, which were collected from japonica rice varieties in the Yunnan Plateau, China, was evaluated. It was evaluated on 29 rice varieties including a set of seven varieties to identify pathogenicity, i.e., Haonuoyang, TN1, Kogyoku, Zhenzhu＇ai, IR26, Nanjing 33, and Kinmaze, which may be considered as a set of differential varieties for Xoo races from Yunnan japonica rice. The efficiency of the seven varieties was further confirmed. The results showed reversible and specific interactions between isolates and varieties. The isolates were classified into nine pathotypes from pathotyp Ⅰ to Ⅸ according to their pathogenic reactions on the seven rice varieties. The pathotype V was the epidemic, whereas pathogen Ⅶ was the most pathogenic. Most japonica varieties grown in the Yunnan Plateau were susceptible to Xoo. The rice lines IRBB21 （Xa-21）, Zhachanglong （Xa-22,, Xa- 24,）, and IR1545-339 （xa-5）, which were resistant to all the isolates tested, can be used as donors of resistant genes for bacterial blight in japonica rice breeding in the Yunnan Plateau.     

米根霉HZS6生产高光学纯度L-乳酸发酵条件的研究

通过研究和控制初始发酵条件,比较产物L-乳酸、D-乳酸组成变化,得出提高L-乳酸光学纯度的米根霉发酵生产条件：在pH6．0、温度34℃、初始葡萄糖浓度100g／L、NH。NO3 2g／L、添加1．5g／L L-乳酸的适合条件下,米根霉HZS6能够发酵生产光学纯度99％以上的L-乳酸,其转化率达到80％,终浓度为81．3g／L。     

Evaluation of chitosan and alginate immobilized Methylobacterium oryzae CBMB20 on tomato plant growth

Methylobacterium oryzae CBMB20, a promising plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) and a biocontrol agent, was immobilized in different formulations such as wet chitosan, dry chitosan, wet alginate and dry alginate and were tested for tomato plant growth promotion. Chitosan solution (1.5%) with pH 5.5–6.0 and 90 min contact time was found optimal for immobilization. The chitosan formulations showed better entrapment efficiency and good degradability resistance apart from slow release of cells under prolonged incubation. Survivability of bacteria (80%) was observed in wet chitosan formulation even after 90 days of storage at 4°C. The spermosphere survival of bacteria was high in both dry and wet chitosan formulations applied soils even after 21 days under greenhouse conditions. While the alginate formulation degraded fully, partial degradation of chitosan formulation was observed even after 30 days, indicating its ability to support the survival of M. oryzae CBMB20 in soil. Plants inoculated with wet chitosan formulation registered 1.3 fold increase in the shoot and root length and dry weight compared to other treatments. Hence, chitosan formulation supporting better plant growth compared to alginate will be a better carrier for taking bacteria to the plant rhizosphere and thereby promote plant growth.